The invention discloses a process for coproducing aromatic oil, asphalt and fuel oil by under-pressure distillation of catalytic oil slurry, which comprises the following steps: storing catalytic oil slurry which is a byproduct of catalytic cracking of heavy oil in a raw material tank, conveying the catalytic oil slurry to a heating furnace by using a pump, heating to 350 to 380 DEG C, allowing the heated catalytic oil slurry to enter a reduced-pressure distillation tower continuously, vacuumizing the reduced-pressure distillation tower to keep the vacuum pressure below 40mmHg, and obtaining fuel oil, aromatic oil and asphalt in turn from the lateral line and tower bottom of distillation tower through continuous reduced-pressure distillation. In the invention, the process flow is short, direct and continuous, the operation conditions are mild and easy to control, the scalability of the yield scale is high, the aromatic oil, fuel oil and asphalt, which have high added value and meet high market-oriented demands, can be coproduced by using rice and accumulated catalytic oil slurry resource, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of catalytic oil slurry is improved; meanwhile, the coproducing process is free from discharge of harmful gases, the cooling water is circularly utilized and the discharge of waste water is limited.