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59 results about "Energy charge" patented technology

The adenylate energy charge is an index used to measure the energy status of biological cells. ATP or Mg-ATP is the principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in the cell : it is used for biosynthetic pathways, maintenance of transmembrane gradients, movement, cell division, etc... More than 90% of the ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP by the ATP synthase. ATP can also be produced by “substrate level phosphorylation” reactions (ADP phosphorylation by (1,3)-bisphosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, phosphocreatine), by the succinate-CoA ligase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylkinase, and by adenylate kinase, an enzyme that maintains the three adenine nucleotides in equilibrium (ATP+AMP<=>2ADP).

Nonsymbiotic plant hemoglobins to maintain cell energy status

Nonsymbiotic hemoglobins are broadly present across evolution; however, the function of these proteins is unknown. Cultured maize cells have been transformed to constitutively express a barley hemoglobin gene in either the sense (HB+) or antisense (HB−) orientation. Hemoglobin protein in the transformed cell lines was correspondingly higher or lower than in wild type cells under normal atmospheric conditions. Limiting oxygen availability, by placing the cells in a nitrogen atmosphere for 12 hours, had little effect on the energy status of cells constitutively expressing hemoglobin, but had a pronounced effect on both wild type and HB− cells, where ATP levels declined by 27% and 61% respectively. Energy charge was relatively unaffected by the treatment in HB+ and wild type cells, but was reduced from 0.91 to 0.73 in HB− cells suggesting that the latter were incapable of maintaining their energy status under the low oxygen regime. Similar results were observed with P. aeruginosa cells transformed with an Hb expression vector. It is suggested that nonsymbiotic hemoglobins act to maintain the energy status of cells in low oxygen environments and that they accomplish this effect by promoting glycolytic flux through NADH oxidation, resulting in increased substrate level phosphorylation. Nonsymbiotic hemoglobins are likely ancestors of an early form of hemoglobin that sequestered oxygen in low oxygen environments, providing a source of oxygen to oxidize NADH to provide ATP for cell growth and development. This in turn suggests that cells containing increased levels of Hb protein will survive longer under low oxygen tension or high energy demand.
Owner:UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA

Switching power supply circuit

The invention discloses a switching power supply circuit. A power supply control module and an energy transfer module are included; the power supply control module is used for converting electric energy of preset frequency; the primary side of the energy transfer module is connected with the input end of the power supply control module, and the secondary side of the energy transfer module is connected with the output end of the power supply control module; when the power supply control module is switched on, the primary side is connected with the secondary side in series; a current passes through the primary side and the secondary side at the same time for performing energy charging synchronously; when the power supply control module is switched off, the energy stored by the primary sideis transferred to the secondary side through an iron core; meanwhile, the electric energy obtained by the secondary side when the switching power supply is switched on is output to the output end of the switching power supply; in output, the primary side also outputs energy, so that the output power can be improved in a relatively high degree; in addition, the primary side is connected with the secondary side in series through the power supply control module, so that the primary side and the secondary side can share one reference potential, thereby enabling the switching power supply circuit to be applied to circuits, such as a silicon controlled rectifier and the like which need the primary side and the secondary side to be grounded commonly.
Owner:GREE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES INC

Intelligent electric controller based on grid cycle frequency

The invention discloses an intelligent electric controller based on grid cycle frequency. The intelligent electric controller comprises a cycle frequency detecting module, an electric energy measuringmodule, a real-time electricity price generating module, an energy charge measuring module, a battery energy detecting module, a human-computer interaction module, an electric decision module and a charge control module. The cycle frequency detecting module and the electric energy measuring module are separately connected to a power grid, and the real-time electricity price generating module andthe electric decision module are sequentially arranged between the cycle frequency detecting module and the charge control module; and the electric energy measuring module is separately connected to the human-computer interaction module and the energy charge measuring module, the real-time electricity price generating module is further connected to the energy charge measuring module, and the energy charge measuring module is connected to the human-computer interaction module. The intelligent electric controller performs electric peaking and frequency modulation from the electric side, adjustment capacity is large and the speed is high, and the safe and stable operation of the power grid is facilitated; the capacity of the power grid to accommodate wind energy, solar energy and the like toaccess is improved, and promotion of wide application of new energy sources is facilitated; and the user economic electricity consumption is guided, and good social benefits are achieved.
Owner:刘占生 +1
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