The invention provides a ventilating structure for an air cooling accelerator shielding container and self-walking container/vehicle check equipment. The ventilating structure comprises a shell with a containing cavity, a first air hole and a second air hole, a shielding body with a mounting cavity, a third air hole and a fourth air hole and an airflow device. The shielding body is arranged in the containing cavity, and a betatron is mounted in the mounting cavity. The ventilating structure is designed for the shielding container, the first air hole, the third air hole, the mounting cavity, the fourth air hole and the second air hole are sequentially communicated to form a ventilating channel, the airflow device is mounted at the position of the first air hole and/or the second air hole, the airflow device is started to enable air in the ventilating channel to flow, and air exchange is carried out for the mounting cavity to reduce the temperature in the mounting cavity and cool the betatron. Therefore, the temperature rising speed of the betatron is reduced, and the continuous work time of the equipment is prolonged.