227results about "Engine operations" patented technology

This invention relates to a method of reducing abnormal combustion events in a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine (HICE) during operation of the engine. The method includes the steps of: a) providing to the HICE a lubricating oil composition including or resulting from the admixing of: i) a base oil having a KV100 of less than or equal to 12 cSt and included at greater than 50 wt. % of the composition and comprising a Group I base oil, a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, or combinations thereof; ii) an overbased magnesium containing detergent comprising an overbased magnesium salicylate, an overbased magnesium sulfonate, an overbased magnesium phenate, or combinations thereof with a Total Base Number (KOH / g) greater than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 500 and included at treat level to deliver between 100 to 5000 ppm by weight of total magnesium and between 0.15 wt. % to 8.0 wt. % of total soap to the composition; iii) at least one overbased calcium containing detergent with a Total Base Number (KOH / g) greater than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 500 and included at a treat level to deliver greater than 100 ppm by weight of total calcium to the composition; and iv) the lubricating oil composition having a total sulfated ash of less than or equal to 2.0 wt. %, a total phosphorous level of less than or equal to 0.120 wt. %, and a SAE viscosity grade of 25W-X, 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X or OW-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60; b) providing a fuel comprising hydrogen to the HICE; and c) combusting the fuel in the HICE. Also provided are a lubricating oil composition and a concentrate for use in a HICE to reduce the propensity for abnormal combustion events.

This invention relates to a method of reducing abnormal combustion events in a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine (HICE) during operation of the engine. The method includes the steps of: a) providing to the HICE a lubricating oil composition including or resulting from the admixing of: i) a base oil having a viscosity KV100 of less than or equal to 12 cSt and included at greater than 50 wt. % of the composition and comprising a Group I base oil, a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, or combinations thereof; ii) an overbased magnesium containing detergent comprising an overbased magnesium salicylate, an overbased magnesium sulfonate, an overbased magnesium phenate, or combinations thereof with a Total Base Number (KOH / g) greater than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 500 and included at treat level to deliver between 100 to 5000 ppm by weight of total magnesium; iii) an overbased metal-containing detergent comprising an overbased metal salicylate detergent, an overbased metal phenate detergent, or combinations thereof with a Total Base Number (KOH / g) greater than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 500 and included at treat level to deliver between 100 to 5000 ppm by weight of total metal; and wherein the overbased magnesium containing detergent of ii) and the overbased metal-containing detergent of iii) in combination deliver between 0.15 wt. % to 8.0 wt. % of total soap to the composition; iv) at least one zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate compound included at a treat level to deliver more than 100 ppm by weight of zinc and less than 800 ppm by weight of phosphorus to the composition; v) at least one molybdenum containing compound included at a treat level to deliver between 20 to 2000 ppm by weight of total molybdenum to the composition; vi) at least one silicon containing compound included at a treat level to deliver between 5 to 1000 ppm by weight of total silicon to the composition; and vii) the lubricating oil composition having a total sulfated ash of less than or equal to 2.0 wt. %, a total phosphorous level of less than or equal to 800 ppm by weight and a SAE viscosity grade of 25W-X, 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X or 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60; b) providing a fuel comprising hydrogen to the HICE; and c) combusting the fuel in the HICE. Also provided are a lubricating oil composition and a concentrate for use in a HICE to reduce the propensity for abnormal combustion events.

A method according to certain embodiments generally involves mixing exhaust gas and air in an exhaust gas recirculation mixer. The method includes directing exhaust gas from an engine to a mixing tube along a first flow path, and directing air to the mixing tube along a second flow path. One of the first flow path or the second flow path is an outer flow path, and the other of the first flow path or the second flow path is an inner flow path surrounded by the outer flow path. The first flow path and the second flow path merge within a throat of the mixing tube such that the exhaust gas and the air mix within the mixing tube to thereby provide a mixture of exhaust gas and air.

The present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine (100), wherein, in order to abruptly reduce a torque of the internal combustion engine (100) and / or to provide a low torque by the internal combustion engine (100), a retarded ignition angle adjustment is carried out, wherein water is injected into an intake tract (2) of the internal combustion engine (100) by means of a water injection system (4), and wherein a limit ignition angle for the ignition angle adjustment is determined based on a quantity of water injected by the water injection system (4). The present invention further relates to an internal combustion engine (100) comprising a water injection system (4) and a control unit (5) that is configured to carry out an inventive method for operating the internal combustion engine (100).

A control system for an internal combustion engine includes at least one sensor configured to measure a combustion signal within at least one cylinder of a plurality of cylinders within the internal combustion engine. The combustion signal corresponds to a first combustion cycle. The control system also includes a controller operably connected to the at least one sensor. The controller is configured to receive the combustion signal from the at least one sensor and determine whether the measured combustion signal satisfies at least one condition associated with the internal combustion engine. The at least one condition corresponds to the at least one of engine misfire or delayed combustion. The controller is further configured to, based on the determination, reduce a fueling amount to the at least one cylinder for a predetermined number of combustion cycles following the first combustion cycle.

An engine assembly 10 comprises an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) circuit 500, an aftertreatment apparatus and a controller. The controller determines a desired proportion of exhaust gas to be direct

The invention provides an engine device which can improve ignition performance or combustion speed hysteresis of a mixed gas containing ammonia and hydrogen gas and can enable the mixed gas to be stably combusted with good exhaust gas properties. An engine device (1) for an ammonia co-combustion engine that operates by combusting at least a mixed gas of ammonia and hydrogen gas in a combustion chamber (21a) generates a mixed gas by supplying ammonia and hydrogen gas to the combustion chamber (21a), compresses the mixed gas in the combustion chamber (21a) and increases the temperature and pressure of the mixed gas, and controls the combustion chamber (21a) in accordance with the state of the mixed gas in the combustion chamber (21a). The gas mixture in the combustion chamber (21a) is ignited by an ignition device comprising a sub-fuel supply device (6) and a sub-fuel injection unit (26).

There are provided systems and methods for using fuel rich partial oxidation to produce an end product from waste gases, such as flare gas. Lambda sensor modifications and other control parameters that provide closed-loop mixture control at extremely fuel-rich operating conditions utilizing feed-forward and feedback approaches, physics-based engine models, novel use of a lambda sensor (02-based sensor), sensors with intermittent contact with the gas stream. In an embodiment the system and method use air-breathing engines having control systems, control parameters, sensors and input / output (I / O) for the fuel rich (ER of 1.2 and greater), partial oxidation of the flare gas to form syngas. In embodiments the syngas is further converted into an end product. In an embodiment the end product is methanol.

The invention relates to a method for operating a vehicle (10) with a water (41) carrying system, wherein in a step (S1) the vehicle (10) is parked at a location (P), wherein in a following step (S2, S13) a variable (G) is used which stands for a temperature (T), wherein the temperature (T) stands for a temperature (TP) of the location (P) at which the vehicle (10) is parked, and then, if it is determined in a step (S3) that the variable (G) fulfills a criterion (K), a further step (S4, S14) follows.

A system (10) for generating energy from fossil fuel, including: a combustion engine (32), for converting liquidized fuel (48) to expanding gas (30); a turbine (14), for producing electric energy from the expanding gas (30); a pressure reducer (46), for reducing expansion of the expanding gas (30); and a gas"to"fuel convertor (16), for converting the gas, whose expansion was reduced, to liquidized fuel.

A multi-fuel vehicle has a cracker 110 that receives ammonia from an ammonia storage container 204, cracks it to form a cracked gas comprising hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas, and conveys the hydrogen gas to an engine 208 of the vehicle. An energy source, such as a battery 216, traction motor 212, alternator 210 or exhaust system 112, provides energy to the cracker. A controller (102, fig 1) receives a predefined route for the vehicle, predicts a future load demand of the vehicle based on the predefined route, and adjusts a flow rate of ammonia delivered to the cracker based on the future load demand. A method for operating an ammonia cracker in a vehicle also comprises combusting, by the engine, a cracked gas mixture comprising hydrogen gas. The predefined route may include an indication of a grade and a speed. The vehicle may have a hydrogen storage container 206 intermediate the cracker and the engine.

The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing a water injection system (3) of an internal combustion engine (2) of a hybrid electric vehicle (100), comprising: providing water at a defined test water pressure by means of a water supply device (3.3), closing a shut-off valve (3.4) when water at the defined test water pressure is provided, injecting a defined target quantity of water into an intake manifold (2.2) of the internal combustion engine (2) via the injection nozzle (3.1), and determining a pressure after injection in a section of the water line (3.4) located between the injection nozzle (3.1) and the shut-off valve (3.4).2) remaining residual water pressure, wherein a current engine load of the internal combustion engine (2) is determined before injection, wherein the determined current engine load is compared with a load threshold value, and wherein the internal combustion engine (2) is subjected to an additional load by operating an electric traction motor (1) of the hybrid electric vehicle (100) in generator mode if the determined current engine load is less than the load threshold value. The present invention further relates to a hybrid electric vehicle (100) with a diagnostic unit (4) which is configured to carry out a method according to the invention.

To provide an electron-generating material and electron-generating member, which can reduce a friction coefficient.SOLUTION: An electron-generating material capable of reducing a friction coefficient is provided, the material comprising powder of a natural mineral containing a radioactive substance and powder of an electron-generating material that generates electrons when subjected to alpha rays emitted from the natural mineral, where the powder of the electron-generating material comprises titanium dioxide powder, lanthanum hexaboride, and silicon metal.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention relates to an air-steam engine comprising one or more cylinders and a piston located therein, capable of reciprocating. The air-steam engine further includes an injection nozzle and a pre-chamber. The pre-chamber is arranged between the injection nozzle and the cylinder, and a fuel fluid can be introduced into the pre-chamber from the injection nozzle. Compressed air from the cylinder is drawn into the pre-chamber, forming an air-steam mixture within the pre-chamber, which can then be introduced into the cylinder. This enables the reciprocating movement of the cylinder. Furthermore, the cylinder is connected to a condenser via an exhaust valve, causing the air-steam mixture or the vapor from the air-steam mixture to condense and be present as condensate in the condenser.The condenser and the injector are connected via a high-pressure pump and a high-pressure tank, allowing the fuel fluid to flow from the condenser back to the injector via another high-pressure pump and tank. This closed-loop system in the air-steam engine results in efficient operation.

The present invention provides a method for absorbing hydrogen (H) in a crankcase (14) of a hydrogen internal combustion engine (10), comprising injecting (S1) hydrogen (H) into a combustion chamber (12) of the hydrogen internal combustion engine (10) by a hydrogen injector (11); wherein a piston (13) of the hydrogen internal combustion engine (10) is configured to compress and expand the hydrogen (H) injected into the combustion chamber (12); injecting (S2) a hydrogen carrier medium (L) into the crankcase (14) through a nozzle (15) for hydrogenating the carrier medium (L) within the crankcase (14) with hydrogen (H) escaping from the combustion chamber (12) past a side wall (13a) of the piston (13) into the crankcase (14); collecting (S3) the hydrogenated carrier medium (21) from the crankcase (14) by a collector (20);Heating (S4) the hydrogenated carrier medium (21) by means of a heating device (30) to dehydrogenate the carrier medium (L, 21) and extract hydrogen (H) from the hydrogenated carrier medium (L, 21); and injecting (S5) the dehydrogenated carrier medium (L, 22) through the nozzle (15) into the crankcase (14) for hydrogenation. The present invention further provides a system (1) for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle (100) having the system (1) according to the invention.

The invention relates to a method for controlling the recovery of water in a motor vehicle, in which method, to recover water in an air-conditioning system (12) of the motor vehicle, air is cooled to a temperature below its dew point, and the water dropping out as a result of the cooling is collected in a water container (13). During water recovery, the air-conditioning system (12) is controlled by means of a water recovery control device (11), wherein, to control the water recovery by means of the water recovery control device (11), the air-conditioning system (12) is adjusted on the basis of at least one parameter value which is detected by a detection unit (10) and transmitted to the water recovery control device (11).

A catalyst for improving emissions and fuel efficiency in combustion chambers may include aluminum chloride, cerium (III) chloride, deionized water, propylene glycol, lithium chloride, chloroplatinic acid, rhodium chloride, perrhenic acid, and a pH adjuster, such as lithium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid reagent. A method of improving emissions and fuel efficiency in combustion chambers while simultaneously enhancing combustion of hydrocarbons may include introducing the catalyst via a vaporous transport into the flame zone of a combustion chamber.

A multifuel closed-loop thermal cycle piston engine, system and method. An externally-fired continuous combustion piston-driven engine configured to employ water injection post combustion to maintain a temperature of exhaust gas at a set point to form a closed-loop thermal cycle. A multifuel closed-loop thermal cycle piston engine includes a drive stage, a compression stage separate from the drive stage, the compression stage including a pressure- operated exhaust valve of a compression cylinder, an externally-fired continuous combustion chamber configured to conduct continuous combustion of a nonselective fuel, the combustion chamber comprising a water injection stage succeeding the fuel burner chamber, the water injection stage configured to inject water into the combustion chamber post-combustion, and wherein a quantity of water injected post-combustion is configured to maintain engine exhaust at or below a temperature set point.

The invention relates to a method for operating a vehicle (10) having a system for conducting water (41), in which step (S1) the vehicle (10) is parked at a location (P), in which step (S2, S13) a variable (G) representative of a temperature (T) is used in a subsequent step (S2, S13), the temperature (T) being representative of a temperature (TP) of the location (P) at which the vehicle (10) is parked, and in which step (S3) the vehicle (10) is stopped when it is determined in step (S3) that the variable (G) satisfies a criterion (K). If so, the other steps (S4, S14) are continued.

A method of operating a water injection system for a combustion engine, the system comprising an injector for injecting water at least indirectly into the combustion engine and a pump for pumping water from a tank through a feed line to the injector. In order to improve the dynamic performance of a water injection system for a combustion engine, the invention provides that the method comprises the steps of:determining if there is a current demand for water injection;if there is no current demand, checking at least one predefined standby condition to determine if, starting from a current pump performance, it is possible to meet a potential future demand for water injection; andincreasing the pump performance if at least one standby condition is fulfilled anddecreasing or deactivating the pump if no standby conditions are fulfilled.

The present disclosure relates to methods and fuel compositions for reducing or eliminating fuel injector deposits in high pressure gasoline engines. The fuel compositions include gasoline and a synergistic combination of a fuel injector clean-up mixture including a heterocyclic amine, diamine, or open chain derivative thereof and a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic anhydride derivative selected from a diamide, acid / amide, acid / ester, diacid, amide / ester, diester, and imide.

To provide an electron-generating member capable of reducing a friction coefficient.SOLUTION: An electron-generating member capable of reducing a friction coefficient is provided, the member comprising: an electron-generating portion made of an electron-generating material comprising powder of a natural mineral containing a radioactive substance and powder of an electron-generating substance that generates electrons when subjected to alpha rays emitted from the natural mineral; and a magnet laminated on the electron-generating portion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

A photocatalytic liquid is disclosed. The photocatalytic liquid includes a noble metal nanoparticle being in a weight percentage of 0.01-0.2 wt.% of the photocatalytic liquid, and including a silver nanoparticle; a photocatalytic nanomaterial being in a weight percentage of 0.01-25 wt.% of the photocatalytic liquid, and including at least one of a titanium nanoparticle and a tungsten trioxide nanoparticle; a dispersant in a weight percentage of 0.01-5 wt.% of the photocatalytic liquid; and a balance of a solvent.

The present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine (100), wherein a torque output by the internal combustion engine (100) is determined by means of a torque model (5.2.1) based on operating parameters of the internal combustion engine (100), wherein water is injected into an intake manifold (2) of the internal combustion engine (100) by means of a water injection system (4), and wherein a correction parameter is determined by the torque model (5.2.1) based on the amount of water injected by the water injection system (4). The present invention further relates to an internal combustion engine (100) comprising a water injection system (4) and a control unit (5) configured to execute a method according to the invention for operating the internal combustion engine (100).

The invention relates to a hydrogen internal combustion engine system (10) comprising a combustion chamber (12) connected to a hydrogen intake system (14), an air intake system (16) and a water intake system (18) for controlling hydrogen combustion, characterized in that the water injection system (18) comprises an exhaust gas collector (30) connected to an exhaust water condenser (32) configured to condense at least a part of water contained in the exhaust gases.

A system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion; the system comprising: a first input for coupling to a source of fuel on a vehicle; a second input for coupling to a source of water; a third input for coupling to a source of first additive; a mixing section for mixing the water and the first additive to form an aqueous phase; and a blender for blending the aqueous phase with the fuel to form the oil-in-water emulsion; wherein the first input is coupled to the blender; the second input and the third input are coupled to the mixing section; and the mixing section is coupled to the blender.

Feeding system (1) for internal combustion engine (100), or thermal combustion unit, operating with fuel based on hydrocarbons or their derivatives and having at least one intake portion (101) for entering the fed gas into said combustion engine (100) or into said thermal combustion unit, and at least one exhaust portion (102) for exiting exhaust gas from said combustion engine (100) or from said thermal combustion unit, said system (1) comprising at least one sensor (3) for measuring the oxygen content of said exhaust gas coming out of said exhaust portion (102) and at least one exhaust line (2) fluidically connected to said exhaust portion (102) and being provided with a device (4) for cooling the exhaust gas and condensing the water vapor contained in said exhaust gas coming out of said exhaust portion and passing through said exhaust line (2), said system (1) being characterized by further comprising at least one recirculation pipeline (10) for fluidically connecting said exhaust line (2) to said inlet portion (101) of said combustion engine (100) or of said thermal combustion unit, and by comprising means (20) for injecting oxygen, or an oxygen mixture, into said recirculation pipeline (10) for transforming said exhaust gas at the outlet of said exhaust line into said fed gas, wherein the amount injected of oxygen is established depending on the oxygen content of said exhaust gas measured by said at least one sensor for measuring the oxygen content, said feeding and exhaust system further comprising purifying means for purifying said exhaust gas along said exhaust line (2) for eliminating further liquid and / or solid and / or gaseous combustion products contained in said exhaust gas.

To provide a split-cycle internal combustion engine and a method of operating the split-cycle internal combustion engine.SOLUTION: A split-cycle internal combustion engine 100 comprises: a compression cylinder 10 receiving a compression piston 12; a combustion cylinder 20 receiving a combustion piston 22; a crossover passage 30 arranged between the compression cylinder 10 and the combustion cylinder 20 to supply working fluid to the combustion cylinder 20; a reactivity regulator 85 capable of operating to regulate the reactivity of fuel used in a combustion process; and a controller 60 arranged to receive at least one indication of (i) the pressure of the working fluid, (ii) the temperature of the working fluid, (iii) the generation of NOx caused by combustion, and (iv) the degree of engine knocking in the combustion cylinder. The controller 60 is configured to operate the reactivity regulator 85 so as to regulate the reactivity of fuel on the basis of the received indication.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2