118 results about "Unburned hydrocarbon" patented technology

The present invention is directed to a diesel oxidation catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas emissions, such as the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) and the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx). More particularly, the present invention is directed to a novel washcoat composition comprising two distinct washcoat layers containing two distinctly different ratios of Pt:Pd.

An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system of an internal combustion engine has an EGR cooler in an EGR passage connecting an exhaust manifold with an intake manifold. The EGR cooler cools EGR gas recirculated through the EGR passage. Cooling performance detecting means included in an electronic control unit (ECU) determines that cooling performance of the EGR cooler is degraded when intake pressure measured by an intake pressure sensor is lower than a normal intake pressure by at least a predetermined value. When the degradation of the cooling performance is detected, cooling performance regeneration controlling means included in the ECU increases the temperature inside the EGR cooler by heating the exhaust gas to eliminate soot or unburned hydrocarbon by oxidization. Thus, the cooling performance of the EGR cooler is regenerated.

A micro gas burner is provided that generates a stable, pre-mixed flame that produces little to no soot or unburned hydrocarbons. The gas burner includes a fuel inlet, nozzle, oxygenation chamber with at least one air inlet, a mixing chamber having a frustoconical inner wall, at least one permeable barrier and a flame holder. The gas burner thoroughly mixes fuel and entrained air to form a nearly stoichiometric mixture prior to combustion. The gas burner mixes the fuel and air so thoroughly that it requires a lower fuel flow rate than would otherwise be necessary to produce a stable, pre-mixed flame. The gas burner may include an optional flame tube with an optional exhaust port in which a flame is contained and sequestered from diffusing air.

A gaseous-fuelled internal combustion engine and a method of engine operation improve combustion stability and reducing emissions of NOx, PM, and unburned hydrocarbons. The method comprises fuelling an internal combustion engine with hydrogen and natural gas, which can be directly injected into the combustion chamber together or introduced separately. Of the total gaseous fuel delivered to the engine, at least 5% by volume at standard temperature and pressure is hydrogen. For at least one engine operating condition, the ratio of fuel rail pressure to peak in-cylinder pressure is at least 1.5:1. A fuel injection valve introduces the gaseous fuel mixture directly into the combustion chamber. Two separate fuel injection valves could also introduce the methane and hydrogen separately. An electronic controller controls timing for operating the fuel injection valve(s). The engine has a preferred compression ratio of at least 14:1.

A gaseous-fuelled internal combustion engine and a method of engine operation improve combustion stability and reducing emissions of NOx, PM, and unburned hydrocarbons. The method comprises fuelling an internal combustion engine with hydrogen and natural gas, which can be directly injected into the combustion chamber together or introduced separately. Of the total gaseous fuel delivered to the engine, at least 5% by volume at standard temperature and pressure is hydrogen. For at least one engine operating condition, the ratio of fuel rail pressure to peak in-cylinder pressure is at least 1.5:1. A fuel injection valve introduces the gaseous fuel mixture directly into the combustion chamber. Two separate fuel injection valves could also introduce the methane and hydrogen separately. An electronic controller controls timing for operating the fuel injection valve(s). The engine has a preferred compression ratio of at least 14:1.

Increased utilization of solar power is highly desirable as solar power is a readily available renewable resource with power potential far exceeding total global needs; and as solar power does not contribute to pollutants associated with fossil fuel power, such as unburned hydrocarbons, NOx and carbon dioxide. The present invention provides low-cost inflatable heliostatic solar power collectors, which can be stand-alone units suitable for flexible utilization in small, medium, or utility scale applications. The inflatable heliostatic power collectors use a reflective surface or membrane “sandwiched” between two inflated chambers, and attached solar power receivers which may be of photovoltaic and / or solar thermal types. Modest concentration ratios enable benefits in both reduced cost and increased conversion efficiency, relative to simple prior-art flat plate solar collectors.

The gas turbines of the present invention have multiple combustion chambers, and within each chamber are multiple fuel nozzles. Each nozzle has its own fuel control valve to control the fuel flowing to the nozzles. To minimize the pressure drop through the fuel control valves, multiple manifolds are employed. Each manifold supplies at least one fuel nozzle in multiple combustion chambers with fuel. The fuel control valves are mounted on the manifolds such that the weight of the fuel control valves and nozzles are carried by the manifolds, not the multiple combustion chambers. A plurality of thermocouples for measuring exhaust gas from said multiple combustion chambers are employed to sense gas exhaust temperature. In carrying out the methods of the present invention for tuning a gas turbine, it is essential to note that the most efficient gas turbine is one which has the least nitrous oxides, the least amount of unburned hydrocarbons, and the least amount of carbon monoxide for a specified energy output. In order to tune the gas turbine to accomplish these objectives, it is desirable that each combustion chamber in the gas turbine be well balanced relative to the remaining combustion chambers. It is an aim of the present invention to tune each of the multiple combustion chambers such that no specific combustion chamber is rich or lean, and all are operating within about 1% of the remaining combustion chambers.

Apparatus for controlling emissions from an internal combustion engine including an enclosed housing one end of which is provided with an inlet and the other end an outlet. A coaxial tubular member extends from the inlet into the housing. A catalytic cell surrounds the tubular member and separates two chambers, a first surrounding the tubular member near the inlet and the other on the opposite side of the catalytic cell. Exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine flow through the tubular member, expanding into the other chamber, then through the catalytic cell for conversion of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons to less noxious components, expanding into the first chamber for eventual discharge through the outlet.