A vehicle engine has a
system of valves that permits various engine cylinders to operate in different
modes of operation. During braking, some of the engine cylinders receive
atmospheric air, compress it, and transfer it to an intermediate air-container. Other cylinders receive
compressed air from the intermediate air-container, further compress it, and transfer it to a high-pressure air-reservoir for storage. During acceleration, some of the engine cylinders receive
compressed air from the high-pressure air-reservoir, expand it to a lower level of pressure, and transfer it to the intermediate air-container. Other cylinders receive air from the intermediate air-container, further expand it, and use it for
combustion in an internal-
combustion cycle. During short stops, the engine is
shut down, for the duration of the stop, and, then, it is restarted with
compressed air. During
cruise, the engine operates as a conventional internal-
combustion engine.