795 results about "Butyrate" patented technology

Compositions for inducing and maintaining a state of flow in a subject include optically pure S-beta-hydroxybutyrate or non-racemic mixtures enriched with the S-enantiomer. The S-beta-hydroxybutyrate enantiomer modulates the effect of ketone bodies in the subject and controls the rate at which ketosis is achieved. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid is more rapidly absorbed and utilized by the body than salts or esters, enhances taste, and reduces the need to include citric acid or other edible acids. Beta-hydroxybutyrate salts are more slowly absorbed and utilized by the body and can provide one or more electrolytes. Compositions for controlling ketone body level in a subject may contain a dietetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optically pure S-beta-hydroxybutyrate or non-racemic mixture enriched with S-beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the compositions contain from about 50.5% to 100% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and from about 49.5% to 0% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.

The invention belongs to the technical field of acyclic compounds, and particularly relates to a preparation method of tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate. Stirring and cooling a solvent, a tert-butyl hydroperoxide aqueous solution and deionized water to obtain a mixed solution A; adding liquid caustic soda and a solid base catalyst into the mixed solution A under a stirring condition, and continuously stirring for reaction to obtain a mixed solution B; under the stirring condition, isobutyryl chloride and a water-soluble distributing agent are added into the mixed solution B, stirring reaction continues to be conducted, and a mixed solution C is obtained; standing and layering the mixed solution C, separating to obtain a tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate crude product, and refining the tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate crude product to obtain the tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate. According to the method, the raw material utilization rate is increased, the reaction speed is increased, the reaction time is shortened, and the product yield is high.

The invention discloses clostridium and application thereof in fermentation production of alcohol, and belongs to the technical field of industrial microorganisms. The clostridium is a carbon monoxide eating clostridium strain GG6, and is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), the preservation number is CGMCC No.34975, and the preservation time is June 23, 2025. The clostridium is a carbon monoxide eating clostridium strain GG6 which is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), the preservation number is CGMCC No.34975, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.34975. The carbon monoxide eating clostridium GG6 is obtained by enriching tail gas flue sediments of a coal chemical plant through an abundant culture medium, evolving a screening culture medium and sorting single bacteria, the bacterial strain is fermented by taking synthesis gas (CO / H2 / CO2) as raw material gas to generate acetic acid, ethanol, butyric acid and butanol, the thallus biomass OD600 is more than or equal to 6, the concentration of produced ethanol is more than or equal to 10g / L, the concentration of produced butanol is more than or equal to 2.5 g / L, and the concentration of produced butanol is more than or equal to 2.5 g / L; and commercialized implementation of butanol production through gas fermentation is facilitated.

S-Beta-hydroxybutyric acid compositions for oral delivery are effective in rapidly raising blood ketone levels without causing acute acidosis or gastrointestinal (GI) distress when consumed in sufficiently dilute form and / or as a gel or suspension. By limiting added beta-hydroxybutyrate salts containing alkali or alkaline earth metal ions, beta-hydroxybutyric acid solutions, gels, or suspensions can deliver exogenous ketone bodies without significantly altering electrolyte balance. Although aqueous beta-hydroxybutyric acid solutions are moderately acidic with a pH of about 3.5 to 4, when diluted with sufficient water, the water acts as a pseudo buffering agent that offsets otherwise harsh acidic effects when consumed orally. Gels and suspensions can also ameliorate acidic effects by partially encapsulating the beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid can be pure S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid or a non-racemic mixture enriched with S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid relative to R-beta-hydroxybutyric acid.

The invention provides a bio-based 1, 4-butanediol composition as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the bio-based 1, 4-butanediol composition comprises bio-based 1, 4-butanediol, 4-hydroxybutyric acid-(4-hydroxyl) butyl ester and bis (4-hydroxyl) dibutyl ether. The total mass content of 4-hydroxybutyric acid-(4-hydroxyl) butyl ester and bis (4-hydroxyl) dibutyl ether in the bio-based 1, 4-butanediol composition is 51 to 220 ppm. The bio-based 1, 4-butanediol composition has low hygroscopicity, and can maintain low water content after long-term storage; meanwhile, when the bio-based 1, 4-butanediol composition is used for polyester synthesis, the esterification time can be shortened, the reaction efficiency can be improved, side reactions can be reduced, and a polyester product with better damp-heat resistance stability can be obtained.

The invention discloses a beta-amino acid dehydrogenase mutant and application of the beta-amino acid dehydrogenase mutant in preparation of (S)-3-aminobutyric acid. The beta-amino acid dehydrogenase mutant disclosed by the invention can be used for selectively reducing and aminating 3-oxobutyric acid to obtain (S)-3-aminobutyric acid, the substrate concentration can reach 20g / L, the conversion rate is greater than or equal to 99%, the ee value is greater than or equal to 99%, and the method is simple to operate and high in reaction efficiency and can be used for industrial production.

Compositions for inducing and maintaining a state of flow in a subject include optically pure S-beta-hydroxybutyrate or non-racemic mixtures enriched with the S-enantiomer. The S-beta-hydroxybutyrate enantiomer modulates the effect of ketone bodies in the subject and controls the rate at which ketosis is achieved. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid is more rapidly absorbed and utilized by the body than salts or esters, enhances taste, and reduces the need to include citric acid or other edible acids. Beta-hydroxybutyrate salts are more slowly absorbed and utilized by the body and can provide one or more electrolytes. Compositions for controlling ketone body level in a subject may contain a dietetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optically pure S-beta-hydroxybutyrate or non-racemic mixture enriched with S-beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the compositions contain from about 50.5% to 100% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and from about 49.5% to 0% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.

Compositions for delivering ketone bodies to a subject include one or more beta-hydroxybutyrate salts, one or more acetoacetate salts, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and optionally acetoacetic acid. The compositions may optionally include one or more ketone body esters, such as one or more beta-hydroxybutyrate esters and / or one or more acetoacetate esters. An example composition contains about 2% to about 98% on a molar basis of the one or more beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and the one or more acetoacetate salts, about 2% to about 98% on a molar basis of the beta-hydroxybutyrate free acid and optionally the acetoacetate free acid, and optionally about 2% to about 98% on a molar basis of one or more ketone body esters.

The invention discloses a recombinant halomonas for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate as well as a construction method and application of the recombinant halomonas. The recombinant halomonas comprises an exogenous gene, the exogenous gene comprises a combination of an aldD gene, a dhaT gene and an orfz gene, and the recombinant halomonas weakens the expression of an endogenous prpc gene. According to the invention, a P34HB synthesis route is successfully constructed through a synthesis route of exogenous introduction from 1, 4-butanediol (BDO) to 4-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A, the proportion of each monomer in the copolymer can be effectively regulated and controlled, especially after exogenous addition of short-chain fatty acids (such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and the like), the synthesis of copolymers such as PHB, PHBV, P34HB, P34HB3HV and the like can be further improved, and the synthesis efficiency of the copolymer is improved. And the proportion of different monomers is adjusted, so that the diversity and yield of the copolymer are enhanced.

This invention belongs to the field of coating technology, specifically relating to a moisture-proof and stain-resistant acrylic resin coating and its preparation process. The moisture-proof and stain-resistant acrylic resin coating comprises 100 parts by weight of a main agent and 20-25 parts by weight of a curing agent. The main agent comprises the following raw materials in weight percentages: dispersant 1.5-3%, butyl acetate 10-15%, xylene 5-10%, filler 10-20%, titanium dioxide 10-20%, carbon black 1-5%, cellulose acetate butyrate 1-2%, anti-settling agent 1-1.5%, leveling agent 0.5-1%, defoamer 0.1-0.5%, with the balance being acrylic resin. The moisture-proof and stain-resistant acrylic resin coating of this invention exhibits excellent comprehensive performance, high filling and sealing properties, strong adhesion to alloys, and good stain resistance, water resistance, and gloss retention.

The invention relates to the technical field of anti-yellowing, in particular to anti-yellowing lining cloth with a hot melt coating and a preparation method of the anti-yellowing lining cloth. Composite carbon dots, an anti-yellowing agent and a composite chitosan solution are adopted to prepare finishing liquid for finishing the lining cloth; the preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting furfural and urea as a carbon source and a nitrogen source, performing one-step hydrothermal synthesis to obtain a nitrogen-doped furfural-based carbon dot, and grafting an amino-terminated polyimidazolium salt antibacterial compound to obtain a composite carbon dot; wherein the amino-terminated polyimidazolium salt antibacterial compound is an amino-terminated halogen-free polyimidazolium salt antibacterial compound which is prepared by taking ethylenediamine, butyric acid, glyoxal and formaldehyde as raw materials based on amine-aldehyde polycondensation and has good biocompatibility; the preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking polybutylene adipate, toluene diisocynate and isophorone diisocyanate as main monomers, polypropylene oxide triol as a crosslinking monomer, 2, 2-dimethylolpropionic acid and 4, 4 '-diaminodiphenyl disulfide as chain extenders and composite carbon dots as an end-capping reagent, adding water and emulsifying to obtain the waterborne polyurethane hot melt adhesive.

The invention relates to the technical field of microorganisms, in particular to application of butyric acid producing enterobacter as a probiotic for resisting eimeria tenella. In the invention, an antibiotic cocktail-induced eimeria tenella infection model is utilized to explore the effect of butyric acid-producing enterobacter DSM 26588 on eimeria tenella development. The enterobacter butyricum DSM 26588 inhibits the growth of gametes by inhibiting the expression of the eimeria tenella gamete EtGFAT gene; according to the present invention, the intestinal tract lesion caused by Eimeria tenella infection can be improved, the intestinal tract pathological injury can be alleviated so as to reduce the Eimeria tenella oocyst discharge amount, the ACI value is 162, and the good anti-coccidiosis effect can be provided.

The invention discloses a bacterial synbiotic beneficial to growth promotion of pasture in saline-alkali soil and application of the bacterial synbiotic. The bacterial synbiotic is a combination of bacterial strains NAU-RHO, NAU-MIC2 and NAU-FLA4 with 4-guanidinobutyric acid. The bacterial strains NAU-MIC2, NAU-FLA4, NAU-RHO are respectively classified and named as microbacterium laeviniform, Flavobacterium anhuiense and Rhodococcus oxyrhenium, and the research result shows that the bacterial synbiotics can be used for improving the salt tolerance and growth promoting effects of the bacteria on the medicago sativa and promoting the high yield of the medicago sativa in the saline-alkali soil.

The invention discloses a corrosion-resistant and fracture-resistant steel structural part and a machining process thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal materials. The anti-corrosion coating is prepared from the following components: 35-55 parts of epoxy resin, 15-25 parts of organic silicon resin, 4-12 parts of modified mica, 5-15 parts of diglycidyl ether, 3-8 parts of a polyamide resin curing agent, 2-4 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1-3 parts of cellulose acetate butyrate and 0.5-3 parts of dimethyl silicone oil; according to the corrosion-resistant and fracture-resistant steel structural part, through the synergistic effect of steel component design and the anti-corrosion coating, the excellent comprehensive performance is achieved, the anti-corrosion coating forms a compact and high-adhesive-force protection layer on the surface of the steel, and through the double effects of physical barriers and chemical protection, the corrosion resistance and fracture resistance of the steel structural part are improved. And the corrosion resistance and the service life of the steel structural member in a harsh service environment are remarkably improved.

The invention provides a polyhydroxyalkanoate composition as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The polyhydroxyalkanoate composition comprises at least two kinds of copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate. The at least two copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate at least comprise one segmented copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate, and in the segmented copolymer, the mass percentage content of a 4-hydroxybutyrate structural unit is 0-20%; the at least two copolymers of the 3-hydroxybutyrate and the 4-hydroxybutyrate at least comprise a random copolymer of the 3-hydroxybutyrate and the 4-hydroxybutyrate. The polyhydroxyalkanoate composition has good strength and toughness, the post-brittleness is also obviously improved, and meanwhile, the polyhydroxyalkanoate composition also has good processability and migration resistance.

The invention relates to the technical field of analysis and detection, in particular to a method for simultaneously determining beta-hydroxyl beta-methyl butyrate and amino acid in food. Comprising the following steps: S1, taking an amino acid standard substance and calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate to prepare a mixed standard working solution; taking an internal standard substance to prepare an internal standard solution; s2, mixing a to-be-detected object with the internal standard solution, and performing ultrasonic and centrifugal treatment to obtain a to-be-detected sample; s3, respectively injecting the mixed standard working solution and the sample to be detected into a two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system for analysis; the two-dimensional liquid chromatogram comprises a first-dimensional liquid chromatogram and a second-dimensional liquid chromatogram. According to the invention, beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate and amino acid can be accurately detected at the same time, and the detection requirements of substances in sports nutritious food are met; the problems that a traditional method is low in step-by-step detection efficiency, complex in pretreatment and insufficient in anti-interference capacity are solved, and a solution is provided for optimization of a sports nourishment formula.

The invention discloses a cellulose acetate based 1, 8-naphthalimide fluorescent probe for detecting Hg < 2 + > as well as a preparation method and application of the cellulose acetate based 1, 8-naphthalimide fluorescent probe. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking 4-bromo-1, 8-naphthalic anhydride as a raw material, carrying out condensation reaction on the 4-bromo-1, 8-naphthalic anhydride and 4-aminobutyric acid to prepare 4-(4-bromo-1, 8-naphthalic diimide) butyric acid (BNA-B); the BNA-B and piperazine are subjected to a substitution reaction, and a compound PNA-B is prepared; the PNA-B and 4-(bromomethyl) pyridine hydrochloride are subjected to a substitution reaction, and a compound PNA-B is prepared; and the PNA-B and cellulose acetate (CA) are subjected to an esterification reaction, such that the cellulose acetate-based 1, 8-naphthalimide fluorescent probe PNA-CA is prepared. The compound can specifically recognize Hg < 2 + >, after Hg < 2 + > is added into a PNA-CA acetonitrile / PBS buffer solution under 365nm ultraviolet irradiation, the fluorescence color of the solution is changed from colorless to yellow, the response time is 20s, the detection limit reaches 9.3 * 10 <-8 > M, and the probe has a good application prospect.

The invention discloses a preparation method of protecting group cefdil side chain acid. The preparation method comprises the following reaction steps: step 1, performing oximation reaction on a compound IV to obtain a compound V; 2, cyclizing the compound V and thiourea to obtain a compound VI; 3, condensing the compound VI and tert-butyl alpha-bromoisobutyrate to obtain a compound VII; 4, the compound VII passes through a protective group to obtain a compound VIII; and 5, hydrolyzing the compound VIII to obtain the product protecting group cefdil side chain acid. The raw materials used in the method are simple and easy to obtain, expensive reagents and customized raw and auxiliary materials are not used, the process operation is simple, a major dangerous process is not involved, and the method has industrial advantages.

This invention discloses a cellulose acetate-based 1,8-naphthalenedimide fluorescent probe for detecting hydrazine, its preparation method, and its application. The invention uses 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalenedimide as a raw material, which undergoes a condensation reaction with 4-aminobutyric acid to obtain 4-(4-bromo-1,8-naphthalenedimide)butyric acid (BNA-B); BNA-B undergoes a coupling reaction with 4-formylphenylboronic acid to obtain 4-(4-(4-formylphenyl)-1,8-naphthalenedimide)butyric acid (FNA-B); compound FNA-B then undergoes an esterification reaction with cellulose acetate (CA) to obtain the cellulose acetate-based 1,8-naphthalenedimide fluorescent probe FNA-B-CA. This compound specifically recognizes hydrazine. Under 365 nm ultraviolet light irradiation, the addition of hydrazine to a DMF / H2O solution of FNA-B-CA changes the fluorescence color of the solution from bright blue to colorless, indicating a detection limit of 8.4 × 10⁻⁶ for hydrazine. ‑8 M has promising applications as a fluorescent probe for the detection of hydrazine.

An antifungal composition including a first essential oil, and a second essential oil, where the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof. Further, an antifungal compound including one or more aroma compounds selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, beta-ionone, alpha-ionone, (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)-limonene, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, nerol, linalool, 2-heptanone, alpha-terpineol, beta-damascenone, β-caryophyllene, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, β-myrcene, gamma-octalactone, alpha-humulene, nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,E)-α-farnesene, vanillin, phenylethyl acetate, citral, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, or a combination thereof.

The invention discloses a post-treatment method of cellulose acetate butyrate. The post-treatment method comprises the following steps: 1) adding polyethylene glycol and a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution into a to-be-precipitated solution containing cellulose acetate butyrate to obtain a to-be-precipitated mixed solution; 2) dissolving the to-be-precipitated mixed solution in an aqueous solution of low-carbon alcohol for precipitation to obtain a precipitation solution; and 3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the precipitation liquid to obtain solid particles, and washing and drying to obtain the cellulose acetate butyrate. The method provided by the invention can replace the existing production route of precipitating esterification liquid with pure water and washing CAB products with pure water, can effectively avoid solid particle aggregation, is easy to wash and remove butyric acid, can also prevent alcohol and butyric acid from esterification reaction, and is especially suitable for industrial production of CAB with high purity and narrow particle size distribution.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and provides a preparation method of isobutyric anhydride. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: by taking isobutyric acid as a raw material and TiO2, gamma-Al2O3, SiO2, CuO, palladium-loaded silicon dioxide or triethyl phosphate as a catalyst, dehydrating to form isobutyric anhydride; the catalyst does not react with isobutyric acid, so that side reactions are few in the reaction process, the conversion rate of isobutyric acid and the selectivity of isobutyric anhydride are improved, and finally the yield of isobutyric anhydride is improved. Meanwhile, isobutyric anhydride can be separated from isobutyric acid and water through simple condensation, high-purity isobutyric anhydride is obtained, and continuous production can be achieved.

Disclosed in the present invention are a strain for producing 3-hydroxybutyric acid, a construction method therefor, and the use thereof. The construction method comprises the following steps: S1, amplifying sequences of phaA, phaB and tesB genes in vitro, linking the sequences of the genes into a single fragment, and introducing the single fragment into a plasmid; and S2, introducing the plasmid obtained in the step S1 into a strain. The present invention uses an engineered strain for fermentation to produce 3-HB; by means of further improving a combined metabolic pathway, and adding sodium salt of a short-chain fatty acid during fermentation as a substrate, the present invention reduces the influence of intermediate metabolite acetic acid on the yield of 3-HB of the strain, thereby further improving the 3-HB yield. In addition, the present invention involves a simple production process, achieves high production efficiency, and is suitable for continuous industrial production.

The invention provides a mutant derived from Clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase and an application of the mutant in preparation of L-glufosinate-ammonium. The glutamate dehydrogenase mutant is a glutamate dehydrogenase single site mutant, a double site mutant or a multi-site mutant. The L-glufosinate-ammonium can be used for preparing L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium. The invention effectively solves the problem that glutamate dehydrogenase shows inactivity or low activity in biological catalytic conversion taking 2-carbonyl-4-(hydroxymethylphosphonyl) butyric acid as a substrate, and provides a chemical method for continuously synthesizing the substrate 2-carbonyl-4-(hydroxymethylphosphonyl) butyric acid by a whole-process microchannel reactor.

The present invention refers to a new enzymatic process for obtaining 17α-monoesters of cortexolone and / or its 9,11-dehydroderivatives starting from the corresponding 17α,21-diesters which comprises an enzymatic alcoholysis reaction. Furthermore, the present invention refers to new crystalline forms of cortexolone-17α-propionate and 9,11-dehydro-cortexolone 17α-butanoate.

The invention provides a method for preparing (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyric acid ethyl ester ((R)-CHBE) through enzyme catalysis, which comprises the following steps: isopropanol is used as a hydrogen donor, a ketoreductase mutant is used for carrying out catalytic reduction reaction of COBE to prepare (R)-CHBE, and the ketoreductase mutant has amino acid mutation at the 83rd site on the basis of an amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO.1. The invention also provides a preparation method of (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyric acid ethyl ester ((R)-CHBE). The thermal stability, namely heat resistance, of the ketoreductase mutant is improved, and by combining with the use of a rectifying tower, the method disclosed by the invention improves the utilization rate of isopropanol and can discharge a byproduct acetone in time, so that the substrate conversion rate and the product concentration are improved. The invention also provides an enzyme catalysis device used in the method.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an antibacterial warm-keeping fabric, and relates to the technical field of textiles. When the antibacterial warm-keeping fabric is prepared, firstly, (E)-butyl-2-ene-1, 4-diamine, glyoxal, formaldehyde and butyric acid are used as raw materials to synthesize a polyimidazolium salt antibacterial agent, then the polyimidazolium salt antibacterial agent is copolymerized with polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol and diphenylmethane diisocyanate to prepare an antibacterial polyurethane spinning solution, and the antibacterial fabric is obtained through wet spinning and weaving. The preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting L-cysteine with 3-amino propyl triethoxy silane to prepare cysteamine acyl propyl triethoxy silane, reacting with formaldehyde and phosphorous acid to obtain flame-retardant modified silane, and further preparing a silicon dioxide solution from the flame-retardant modified silane and sol-gel such as methyltrimethoxysilane; finally, the antibacterial fabric is treated with a benzophenone solution and then soaked with a silicon dioxide solution, and the antibacterial thermal fabric is prepared through ultraviolet irradiation, standing gelation, aging and hexane washing. The prepared fabric has excellent antibacterial property, heat retention property and flame retardant property.

The present: invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising curcumin and ginsenoside, and a formulation comprising same. Using curcumin and ginsenoids according to the present invention in combination with butyric acid and sucralfate restores cell growth, mobility, and endothelial cell tube-forming by ability reduced irradiation, and inhibits an inflammatory response induced in macrophages by LPS treatment. In addition, it was confirmed that, when an irradiated mouse is topically treated with the formulation according to the present invention comprising the compounds, intestinal epithelial tissue damaged by irradiation is restored and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal tissue is suppressed. Furthermore, a mixture of a ginseng extract and a turmeric extract also restored the intestinal epithelial tissue damaged by irradiation. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition comprising curcumin, ginsenoid, butyric acid, and sucralfate, or the pharmaceutical composition comprising a mixture of a ginseng extract and a turmeric extract, and the formulation according to the present invention comprising same can be utilized for treating radiation proctitis.

The present invention relates to a recombinant organism or microorganism having a decreased pool of crotonic acid compared to the organism or microorganism from which it is derived due to at least one of: (i) an increased conversion of crotonyl-CoA into butyryl-CoA; and / or an increased conversion of butyryl-CoA into butyric acid; (ii) an increased conversion of crotonyl-CoA into 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA; and / or an increased conversion of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA into 3-hydroxybutyric acid; (iii) an increased conversion of crotonic acid into crotonyl-CoA; (iv) an increased conversion of crotonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] into butyryl [acyl-carrier-protein]; (v) a decreased conversion of crotonyl-CoA into crotonic acid; and / or (vi) a decreased conversion of crotonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] into crotonic acid. Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of such a recombinant organism or microorganism for the production of alkenes with the enzyme ferulic acid decarboxylase. Further, the present invention relates to a method for the production of isobutene or butadiene by culturing such a recombinant organism or microorganism in a suitable culture medium under suitable conditions.

A use of a nutritional composition in promoting the bidirectional development of the gut and brain via the gut-brain axis. The nutritional composition comprises the following essential components: docosahexaenoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, galactooligosaccharide, 1,3-dioleic acid-2-palmitic acid triglyceride, lutein, nucleotide, lactoferrin, casein phosphopeptide, and probiotics. By combining and strengthening multiple functional active components, the gut health and brain cognitive development of the organism can be bidirectionally promoted by means of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In particular, the present application can promote the regulation of flora in the gut of the organism, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and decrease the abundance of harmful bacteria related to brain development diseases. The content of butyric acid in the gut can be increased, and the contents of acetic acid and propionic acid are decreased to promote brain and cognitive development.