80 results about "Monovalent Cations" patented technology

The invention provides a method for recovering nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater through self-driven bipolar membrane electrodialysis. A system used in the method takes a magnesium negative electrode as a positive electrode and an air electrode as a positive electrode, and a self-driven primary battery is formed through wire connection; and ion exchange membranes with specific sequences are sequentially arranged between the two electrodes to form eight chambers, namely an anode chamber, a nitrogen and phosphorus recovery chamber, a wastewater chamber, a metal ion chamber, an ammonia water chamber, a hydrochloric acid chamber, a buffer chamber and a cathode chamber. During operation, an external power supply is not needed, and ion migration is driven by a self-generated electric field: after Mg < 2 + > and PO4 < 3-> are enriched in the nitrogen and phosphorus recovery chamber and NH4 < + > and Ca < 2 + > migrate to the metal ion chamber, NH4 < + > enters the ammonia water chamber through the monovalent cation exchange membrane, and Ca < 2 + > is separated out and reacts with OH <-> generated by the bipolar membrane to generate Ca (OH) 2 precipitate, so that membrane blockage is effectively prevented, and finally, NH4 < + >, Mg < 2 + > and PO4 < 3-> react to generate high-purity struvite. Zero energy consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus recovery of the wastewater is achieved, no additional chemicals exist, anti-blocking operation is achieved, and both environmental benefits and resource benefits are achieved.

The invention relates to a double-coordination passivated red-light perovskite quantum dot and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a monovalent cation precursor from cesium carbonate, 1-octadecene and oleic acid; preparing a lead source precursor from lead halide, zinc halide, 1-octadecene, diisooctyl hypophosphorous acid and oleylamine; thermally injecting the monovalent cation precursor into the lead source precursor, and cooling to prepare a perovskite quantum dot solution; performing anti-solvent purification on the perovskite quantum dot solution to obtain red light perovskite quantum dots; a process of preparing a double-coordination passivated red light perovskite quantum dot from the red light perovskite quantum dot and taurosulfonamide hydrochloride; the invention also discloses an application of the double-coordination passivated red light perovskite quantum dot prepared by the preparation method in preparation of an electroluminescent diode. The post-treatment passivation operation method is simple and convenient, and the quantum dot treated by the double-coordination ligand achieves the purpose of preparing the halide perovskite quantum dot with excellent optical performance and excellent performance of the prepared electroluminescent diode.

The present application relates to a method for preparing a perovskite layer and a photovoltaic device, the method comprising: a) forming a first solid layer on a substrate from a first precursor material; the first precursor material comprising at least one divalent inorganic cation B, at least one monovalent cation A and halide anions X; b) treating the first solid layer with a second precursor solution to form the perovskite layer, wherein the second precursor solution comprises at least one monovalent cation A, halide anions X and SCN ‑ The present application enables to control the perovskite film formation process, to optimize the grain size and especially to enhance the growth of the perovskite layer on a textured morphology by adding a thiocyanate compound, in particular a mixture of methylammonium chloride (MACI) and methylammonium thiocyanate (MASCN) in the second step of a two-step process.

The embodiment of the invention discloses an adhesive and a preparation method thereof, a negative pole piece and a sodium ion battery, the structural formula of the adhesive is shown in the specification, R1 is a monovalent cation, R2 is an alkyl group with a carbon atom number of 1-6, R3 is an alkyl group or alkoxy group with a carbon atom number of 1-5, and n is 3-5. By introducing a long carbon chain into a polyacrylic acid main chain, the glass transition temperature of the polyacrylic acid can be reduced, the flexibility of the polyacrylic acid can be improved, and when the polyacrylic acid is applied to a negative pole piece, the flexibility of the negative pole piece can be improved.

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising a first light generating device (110) and a control system (300), wherein the first light generating device (110) comprises a first solid state light source (10), a second solid state light source (20), and a luminescent converter (2000), wherein: (A) the first solid state light source (10) is configured to generate first light source light (11) having a first peak wavelength (λp1) selected from the range of 400-490 nm; (B) the second solid state light source (20) is configured to generate second light source light (21) having a second peak wavelength (λp2) selected from the range of 470-540 nm; wherein λp2 - λp1 ≥ 20 nm; (C) the luminescent converter (2000) is configured in a light receiving relationship with the first and second solid state light source (10,20); wherein the luminescent converter (2000) comprises a first luminescent material (210) and a second luminescent material (220); (D) the first luminescent material (210) comprises a luminescent material of the type M'xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese, wherein M' comprises an alkaline earth cation, M comprises a monovalent cation, and x is in the range of 0-1, wherein A comprises a tetravalent cation, wherein X comprises a monovalent anion, at least comprising fluorine; wherein the first luminescent material (210) is configured to convert at least part of the first light source light (11) received by the first luminescent material (210) into first luminescent material light (211); (E) the second luminescent material (220) is configured to convert at least part of the second light source light (21) received by the second luminescent material (220) into second luminescent material light (221); wherein the second luminescent material light (221) has a second centroid wavelength (λc2) selected from the range of 600-660 nm; wherein the second luminescent material light (221) comprises at least one emission band having a second full width at half maximum FWHM2 of ≥ 40 nm; (F) the first light generating device (110) is configured to generate first device light (111); wherein in an operational mode of the first light generating device (110), the first device light (111) comprises one or more of the first luminescent material light (211) and the second luminescent material light (221); wherein the first device light (111) has a first device centroid wavelength (λcd1) selected from the range of 600-660 nm; and (G) the control system (300) is configured to control a spectral power distribution of the first device light (111) by controlling the first solid state light source (10) and the second solid state light source (20).

The invention discloses a covalent organic framework (COF) heterostructure separation membrane for high-selectivity separation of monovalent cations as well as a preparation method and application of the covalent organic framework (COF) heterostructure separation membrane. The separation membrane comprises a porous supporting substrate and a COF selective layer on the porous supporting substrate, the selective layer is composed of a first COF layer and a second COF layer which are overlapped with each other, the first COF layer is formed by assembling COF nanosheets containing sulfonic acid groups or salt groups of the sulfonic acid groups, the second COF layer is formed by assembling COF nanosheets containing alkyl substituent groups, and a COF framework contains imine bonds. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing two types of COF nanosheet dispersion liquid through an oil-water-oil three-phase interface reaction, carrying out dispersion treatment, and sequentially depositing and curing / drying by adopting vacuum suction filtration to obtain the heterostructure separation membrane. The separation membrane can be used for selective separation of monovalent cations such as Li < + >, Na < + > and K < + >, is suitable for systems such as salt lake brine, seawater desalination concentrate and battery recovery liquid, and has the advantages of high ion screening selectivity, stable structure and controllable preparation.

Provided are a capacitor and a method for manufacturing the capacitor, the capacitor including: a first thin-film electrode layer; a second thin-film electrode layer; a dielectric layer, including a binary metal oxide, between the first thin-film electrode layer and the second thin-film electrode layer; and an interlayer, including an anionized layer, between the dielectric layer and at least one of the first thin-film electrode layer or the second thin-film electrode layer. The interlayer has a same type of crystal structure as and a different composition from the dielectric layer, and the anionized layer includes at least one of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, or a trivalent cation.

The invention relates to the technical field of membrane separation, in particular to a functional group regulated covalent organic framework (COF) membrane and a preparation method thereof, and relates to application of the membrane in selective separation of monovalent cations. The preparation method comprises the following steps: condensing a polyaldehyde monomer and aromatic diamine with different side chain substitutions on an interface through oil-water-oil three-phase interface micro-fluidic dripping to generate a two-dimensional COF nanosheet, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, carrying out vacuum filtration, self-assembling on a porous substrate, and drying to obtain a continuous separation layer with the thickness of 50-150nm. The functional group can regulate and control pore channels and surface charges, flux and selectivity of monovalent cations such as Li < + > can be adjusted, effective separation is kept at the pH of 3-11, and the functional group is suitable for lithium salt extraction and electrolyte purification.

Provided is a porous metal cyanide-based framework material (MCFs) with cation gating effect, along with its preparation method and application in carbon dioxide capture. The general structural formula of the framework material is Mx[M′(CN)6]y·Az·nH2O, where 0≤n≤10. When n≥1, the crystal structure belongs to the R3c space group. When 0≤n<1, the structure transforms to the P2 / c space group. The framework material has a cage structure, and each cage has six hexagonal windows and six quadrilateral windows. The monovalent cations at the hexagonal windows exhibit a gating effect, which can selectively allow carbon dioxide molecules to pass through. The framework material has the highest CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity in carbon dioxide capture, especially in the application of carbon dioxide adsorption under low pressure (≤0.15 bar) and high humidity environment (≥40% RH)

The invention discloses a preparation method of a monovalent cation screening membrane, and belongs to the technical field of membrane preparation, a conventional cation exchange membrane is used as a base membrane, the surface layer of the single side of the base membrane is coated with a cation membrane monomer solution to form a negatively charged skin layer, and macromolecular chains of the negatively charged skin layer are mutually crosslinked and have halogen substituent groups; a side chain carbon-carbon double bond positively charged polymer solution is coated on the negatively charged skin layer, the carbon-carbon double bond is subjected to polymerization reaction to form the positively charged skin layer, on one hand, an organic amine monomer component is linked to the positively charged skin layer through a carbon-carbon double bond polymerization bond, and on the other hand, the organic amine monomer component is linked to the negatively charged skin layer through a reaction bond of an amino group and a halogen substituent group; covalent bond connection and ionic bond connection of electrostatic interaction between positive and negative charges are formed between the positively charged skin layer and the negatively charged skin layer, and the prepared monovalent cation screening membrane has high monovalent cation screening characteristic and long service life.

The invention discloses a solar cell and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic device, a power utilization device and a power generation device, the solar cell comprises a first electrode layer, a functional layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked, the functional layer comprises a first light absorption layer, the first light absorption layer comprises a perovskite layer, the chemical formula of the perovskite layer is A (BbPbaSn1-a-b) X3, a is greater than 0 and less than 1, b is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.1, and X is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. The A ions comprise inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed monovalent cations, the B ions comprise inorganic divalent cations, the X ions comprise inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed monovalent anions, the perovskite layer comprises a hole transmission interface and an electron transmission interface which are opposite to each other, and a is gradually increased along the direction from the hole transmission interface to the electron transmission interface. According to the invention, through setting the tin-lead gradient distribution in the vertical direction of perovskite, a vertical structure heterojunction with energy band gradient and more compatible interface energy level arrangement are realized, charge transmission is promoted, and carrier loss is reduced, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.

The invention discloses a soybean protein-phospholipid biomimetic membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The biomimetic membrane is formed by three raw materials of soybean protein, soybean lecithin and a charged polymer through electrostatic interaction and a physical blending method. The soybean 11s protein solution, the lipidosome dispersion liquid and the charged polymer solution are mixed to obtain the mosaic structure biomimetic membrane which is formed by combining various chemical bond crosslinking and electrostatic interaction, and the process conditions are simple, efficient, convenient and environmentally friendly. The biomimetic membrane provided by the invention has a mosaic structure and the characteristics of the raw materials, so that the biomimetic membrane has high ion passing rate, strong ion selection capability, excellent monovalent cation and divalent cation separation capability and certain biodegradability. When the biomimetic membrane is applied to ion separation, the separation capacity of ions with different valence states can be effectively improved, the separation effect of sodium ions and magnesium ions is optimal, and the separation factor is as high as 21.28 and is 54.6 times that of a biomimetic membrane without charges.

The application provides a perovskite ink composition, a perovskite ink and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite thin film and a preparation method and application thereof. The perovskite ink composition comprises AX, BX2, a solvent and a passivation agent, wherein A represents a monovalent cation, B represents a divalent cation, and X represents a halogen ion; the solvent comprises at least two organic solvents with different boiling points, and the solvent comprises at least two organic solvents with different solubilities for the passivation agent. The perovskite ink formed by the perovskite ink composition can be applied to the preparation of a perovskite thin film with high crystallinity and low defect state density, and can be used in the form of blade coating, inkjet printing, slot coating, roll-to-roll printing and the like, especially in the preparation process of a large-area perovskite battery, the production efficiency can be effectively improved, the process flow is simplified, and the production cost is reduced.

Anionic surfactants include compounds or mixtures of compounds having the formula, wherein R1 comprises hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxy; R2 comprises methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen; R'2 comprises methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen; R3 comprises a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, including a straight chain hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof; and M + is a monovalent cation, and when both R2 and R'2 contain hydrogen, if R3 is a straight chain hydrocarbon group, then R1 does not contain hydrogen, and when R3 is a branched hydrocarbon group, then R2, R2, and R1 all contain hydrogen. [Formula 1] TIFF2026501160000017.tif28143

Methods for processing pretreated phosphogypsum wastewater are disclosed. The pretreated wastewater may be subjected to electrodialysis involving at least one monovalent cation selective membrane. Further downstream membrane treatment may be applied. Upstream precipitation and air-stripping techniques may optionally also be employed. Related systems are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for producing phosphoric acid, a monovalent cation sulfate and calcium carbonate, comprising a first treatment of a phosphate source with an inorganic acid solution, a second treatment for obtaining calcium sulfate, recovery of phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate to be treated in a treatment with a monovalent cation carbonate solution, and recovery of calcium carbonate and a monovalent cation sulfate.

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising a first light generating device (110), wherein the first light generating device (110) comprises a first solid state light source (10) and a luminescent converter (2000), wherein: (A) the first solid-state light source (10) is configured to generate light source light (11) having a first peak emission wavelength (λp1) selected from the range of 430-490 nm; (B) the luminescent converter (2000) is configured in a light receiving relationship with the first solid-state light source (10); wherein the luminescent converter (2000) comprises a first particulate luminescent material (2100), a second particulate luminescent material (2200), and a main matrix material (700); wherein the first particulate luminescent material (2100) and the second particulate luminescent material (2200) are configured embedded in the main matrix material (700); (C) the first particulate luminescent material (2100) comprises a first luminescent material (210) configured to convert light source light (11) received by the first luminescent material (210) into first luminescent material light (211) having a first centroid wavelength (λc1) selected from the range of 600-660 nm; (D) the second particulate luminescent material (2200) comprises (i) a second particulate matrix material (720) and (ii) primary particles (2300) comprising a second luminescent material (220), wherein the primary particles (2300) are configured embedded in the second particulate matrix material (720); wherein the second luminescent material (220) comprises a luminescent material of the type M'xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese, wherein M' comprises an alkaline earth cation, wherein M comprises an monovalent cation, wherein A comprises a tetravalent cation, and wherein X comprises a monovalent anion, at least comprising fluorine (F); wherein the second luminescent material (220) is configured to convert light source light (11) received by the second luminescent material (220) into second luminescent material light (221) having a second centroid wavelength (λc2) selected from the range of 610-650 nm; (E) the first light generating device (110) is configured to generate first device light (111) comprising the first luminescent material light (211) and the second luminescent material light (221); and wherein the first device light (111) has a first device centroid wavelength (λcd,1) selected from the range of 610-660 nm.

In an embodiment a method includes a) providing an aqueous solution of a carbon dioxide absorption agent, wherein the carbon dioxide absorption agent comprises cations of the 1st main group of the periodic table, b) passing an air flow containing carbon dioxide through the aqueous solution of method step a), wherein at least a part of the carbon dioxide from the air flow is bound to the carbon dioxide absorption agent and the air flow is depleted in carbon dioxide and c) introducing the aqueous solution of method step b) or an aqueous solution including the carbon dioxide bound to the carbon dioxide absorption agent into a middle chamber of an at least three-chamber electrolysis cell, wherein the three-chamber electrolysis cell includes a membrane selective for monovalent cations, and electrolyzing the aqueous solution of method step b) or the aqueous solution comprising the carbon dioxide bound to the carbon dioxide absorption agent under release of at least a part of the carbon dioxide.

The present invention provides: a method for producing a sulfonic acid ester, with which it is possible to produce a sulfonic acid ester with a high yield; a method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound; a method for producing a polymer; a method for producing a liquid composition; a method for producing a membrane; a method for producing a membrane electrode assembly; and a compound. The membrane and the membrane electrode assembly can be used, for example, in fuel cells and PEM water electrolysis applications.　With the method for producing a sulfonic acid ester according to the present invention, a compound represented by formula (3) is obtained by reacting a compound represented by formula (1) with a compound represented by formula (2). In formulae (1) to (3), R is an n-valent aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have an aromatic hydrocarbon group as a substituent, and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have an etheric oxygen atom or -CO- between carbon atom-carbon atom bonds. Z+ is a monovalent cation, n is a number of 1 to 4, X is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and Y is a monovalent leaving group. (1): R-(SO2O-Z+)n, (2): CFX=CF-CF2-Y, (3): R-(SO2O-CFX-CF=CF2)n

The invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, in particular to a perovskite layer and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The perovskite layer comprises a three-dimensional perovskite sub-layer and a three-dimensional-like perovskite sub-layer which are laminated along the thickness direction of the perovskite layer. The three-dimensional perovskite sub-layer comprises a three-dimensional perovskite material with a chemical general formula of ABX3, the three-dimensional perovskite-like sub-layer comprises a three-dimensional perovskite-like material with a chemical general formula of L2An-1BnX3n + 1 and a diamine compound, A is an A-site cation, the A-site cation comprises a monovalent cation, B is a B-site cation, the B-site cation comprises a divalent metal ion, X is an X-site anion, the X-site cation comprises a monovalent metal ion, and the X-site cation comprises a monovalent metal ion. X-site anions comprise halide ions, L is spacer cations, the spacer cations comprise short-chain monoamine ions with the carbon chain length of 3-5, and n is larger than or equal to 18. The diamine compound can improve the performance and stability of the perovskite layer.

The present application provides a conductive paste and a solar cell. The conductive paste includes a conductive powder, a thermosetting component, a curing agent, a solvent, a silane coupling agent, and a conductive promoter including one or more of compounds having a structural formula satisfying formula (1), wherein R has an unsaturated bond, X1, X2, X3, X4 are each independently a monovalent cation, an atom, a polyether chain having 1-18 carbon atoms, a polyester chain having 1-18 carbon atoms, a polyurea chain having 1-18 carbon atoms, a polyamide chain having 1-18 carbon atoms, a polyacrylic acid chain having 1-18 carbon atoms, a polyurethane chain having 1-18 carbon atoms, an alkyl or fluorine-substituted alkyl having 1-18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl having 1-18 carbon atoms, or an alkylene glycol adduct of alkyl or alkenyl having 1-18 carbon atoms. Thus, by adding the conductive promoter, the grid line resistivity, bulk resistivity, and / or contact resistance of the conductive paste can be reduced.

The disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing an organoboron salt, the method comprising reacting an ionic boron-oxygen compound, wherein the ionic boron-oxygen compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of borax or a hydrate thereof, with a base and one or more compounds according to formula (II), R-OH, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of C(1-12)alkyl and C(6-10)aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl and / or C(1-4)alkoxy, in a total amount of at least 4.0 moles of the compound according to formula (II) per mole of boron in the ionic boron-oxygen compound, at a temperature of at least 20 °C, wherein water is removed during the reacting, thereby forming the organoboron salt, wherein the organoboron salt is a compound according to formula (I), X-[B-(OR)4]n, wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of C(1-12)alkyl and C(6-10)aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl and / or C(1-4)alkoxy, and wherein X is a monovalent cation and n is 1, X is a divalent cation and n is 2, or X is a trivalent cation and n is 3.

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising a first light generating device (110), wherein the first light generating device (110) comprises a first solid state light source (10) and a luminescent converter (2000), wherein: (A) the first solid state light source (10) is configured to generate first light source light (11) having a first peak emission wavelength (λp1) selected from the range of 420-490 nm; (B) the luminescent converter (2000) is configured in a light receiving relationship with the first solid state light source (10); wherein the luminescent converter (2000) comprises a first luminescent material (210), a second luminescent material (220) and a third luminescent material (230); (C) the first luminescent material (210) consists of a luminescent material of the type M'xM2-2xAX6:Mn4+, wherein M' comprises an alkaline earth cation, M comprises a monovalent cation, wherein M comprises at least 50 mole% Na, x is in the range of < 1, wherein A comprises a tetravalent cation, comprising one or more of silicon, titanium, and germanium, and wherein X comprises a monovalent anion, at least comprising fluorine; wherein the first luminescent material (210) is configured to convert part of the first light source light (11) received by the first luminescent material (210) into first luminescent material light (211); (D) the second luminescent material (220), different from the first luminescent material (210), is configured to convert part of the first light source light (11) received by the second luminescent material (220) into second luminescent material light (221); (E) the third luminescent material (230) is configured to convert part of the first light source light (11) received by the third luminescent material (230) into third luminescent material light (231); (F) the first light generating device (110) is configured to generate first device light (111), wherein the first device light comprises non-converted first light source light (11'), the first luminescent material light, the second luminescent material light and the third luminescent material light; wherein the first device light has a spectral power distribution, wherein (i) x0% of the spectral power is provided by the non-converted first light source light, (ii) x1% of the spectral power is provided by the first luminescent material light, (iii) x2% of the spectral power is provided by the second luminescent material light, and (iii) x3% of the spectral power is provided by the third luminescent material light; wherein 40% ≥ x0 ≥ 4% and 20% ≥ x1 ≥ 4% and x2 + x3 > x1; and (G) the first device light is white light having a CCT in a range from 2000K to 6500K and a CRI of at least 80.

Provided is a defibrated product of a texturized fibrous vegetable protein containing a protein derived from pea, and a salt of a monovalent cation, wherein the salt of a monovalent cation is comprised in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more and less than 2 mass % with respect to the protein derived from pea, or a method for improving defibration resistance of a texturized fibrous vegetable protein, including the step of adding a salt of a monovalent cation in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more and less than 2 mass % with respect to the vegetable protein.

The present invention is directed to an one-component (1K) composition comprising, based on the weight of the composition:from 40 to 98 wt. % of a) at least one epoxy resin;from 0.5 to 30 wt. % of b) at least one organoboron compound selected from tetrasubstituted borate salts of monovalent cations of tertiary amines; and,from 0.5 to 30 wt. % of c) at least one (meth)acrylamide monomer of Formula (VII):wherein: Ra is H or Me;G is selected from —NH2, —NHRb and —N(Rb)(Rc);Rb and Rc are independently selected from C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C18 alkalkoxy, C6-C18 aryl and —(CH2)n —N(Rd)(Re);n is an integer of from 1 to 4; and,Rd and Re are independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl.

The invention belongs to the field of membrane separation, and discloses a high-flux monovalent cation exchange membrane and application of the high-flux monovalent cation exchange membrane in electrodialysis separation of lithium and magnesium. Quaternized polyethyleneimine modified sulfonated polyethylene sulfone is used as a base membrane, and the surface of the membrane is compounded with a water phase through polyethyleneimine and amination modified beta-cyclodextrin; and performing interfacial polymerization with an organic phase containing a surfactant and a cross-linking agent to form a composite functional layer. The preparation process is simple, convenient and controllable, and the obtained membrane has high lithium ion flux, excellent Li < + > / Mg < 2 + > separation selectivity and good stability, can be efficiently used for electrodialysis lithium-magnesium separation, solves the problem that the flux and selectivity of the existing membrane are difficult to consider at the same time, and provides reliable technical support for extraction of lithium from salt lake brine.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a monovalent cation selective membrane with an Al-MOF-based layered frame structure, and belongs to the technical field of membrane separation. The monovalent cation selective membrane solves the problems that the ion flux and the selectivity are difficult to consider, the structure of a separation layer is uneven, many polymerization defects exist in a frame pore channel, and the long-term use stability is poor in the existing monovalent cation selective membrane. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile basement membrane, preparing an Al-MOF modified basement membrane, and carrying out heat treatment and curing after interfacial polymerization reaction. The interfacial polymerization process is regulated and controlled through the confinement of an Al-MOF layered frame structure, a polyamide separation layer with high crosslinking degree, narrow pore size distribution and high positive charge density is cooperatively constructed in combination with a binary mixed amine monomer, the dual effects of electrostatic repulsion and size screening are synchronously enhanced, the Na < + > / Mg < 2 + > monovalent cation selectivity can reach 50.45 under the optimal condition, meanwhile, the high monovalent ion flux is maintained, and the specific surface area is increased. The membrane has excellent long-term operation stability and is suitable for separation of monovalent and multivalent cations in an electrodialysis system.

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising a first solid state light source (10) and a luminescent converter (2000), wherein: - the first solid state light source (10) is configured to generate first light source light (11) having a first peak wavelength (λp1) selected from a wavelength range of 380 nm to 490 nm; the luminescent converter (2000) is configured in a light receiving relationship with the first solid state light source (10); wherein the luminescent converter (2000) comprises a particulate first luminescent converter material (210) and a particulate second luminescent converter material (220); - the particulate first luminescent converter material (210) comprises a first luminescent material (210a) of the type M'xM2-2 xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese, wherein M' comprises an alkaline earth cation, M comprises an monovalent cation, and x is in the range of 0-1, wherein A comprises a tetravalent cation, comprising one or more of silicon, titanium, and germanium, wherein X comprises a monovalent anion, at least comprising fluorine; wherein the particulate first luminescent converter material (210) has a first volume averaged particle size P1; the particulate second luminescent converter material (220) comprises a second luminescent material (220a) of the type M'xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese, wherein M' comprises an alkaline earth cation, M comprises an monovalent cation, and x is in the range of 0-1, wherein A comprises a tetravalent cation, comprising one or more of silicon, titanium, and germanium, wherein X comprises a monovalent anion, at least comprising fluorine; wherein the particulate second luminescent converter material (220) has a second volume averaged particle size P2; and - P1 and P2 differ by a factor of at least 2 from each other.