The present invention relates to methods, computer systems and computer apparatus for obtaining references that assist in identifying a
disease or condition in an individual, wherein the reference has been described or made part of a
database having medical data. The steps of the method include obtaining or identifying two or more symptoms, conditions, procedures, medication or any combination thereof, experienced or used by the individual; transcribing the symptoms, conditions, procedures, medication or combination thereof into standardized medical codes to thereby obtain transcribed codes; categorizing transcribed codes by medical
specialty; searching at least one medical literature
database using one of the transcribed codes to thereby obtain code-specific results, and repeating this step for each of the transcribed codes; cross-referencing the code-specific results for each transcribed code with code-specific results of all other transcribed codes in the same categorized medical
specialty to obtain common references, and repeating this step for each
specialty for which the codes have been categorized; and studying the references to determine references applicable to or those that assist in identifying the
disease or condition.The computer
system or computer apparatus of the present invention includes a source of transcribed codes that comprises standardized medical codes translated from two or more symptoms, conditions, procedures, medication or any combination thereof experienced or used by the individual; a processor routine coupled to receive transcribed codes from the source, wherein the processor routine performs the above steps of categorizing transcribed codes by medical specialty; searching the medical literature
database and cross-referencing the code-specific results for each transcribed code with code-specific results of all other transcribed codes in the same categorized medical specialty to obtain common references. The computer
system or apparatus further includes an
output device, coupled to the processor routine, for indicating common reference grouped by the number of occurrences of transcribed codes present in the reference.