90 results about "Radiation pulse" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for selecting and triggering gamma instant radiation pulse events, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear radiation detection. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out normalization preprocessing on an original gamma pulse radiation time spectrum; s time-frequency transformation is carried out on the preprocessed data, and time-frequency features are extracted; optimizing parameters of the frequency threshold and the amplitude threshold after S time-frequency transformation by adopting a deep reinforcement learning model to obtain an optimal frequency threshold and an optimal amplitude threshold; performing filtering processing on the signal of the S time-frequency conversion result, and separating noise from an effective signal; and searching a pulse radiation event for the filtered signal by applying a morphology-based peak searching method, and positioning the position and the characteristic of a real gamma instant radiation pulse event. According to the method, time-frequency analysis is carried out through S time-frequency transformation, the problem that the frequency of an analysis window cannot be adjusted through short-time window Fourier transformation is solved, the method has better frequency resolution and phase retention characteristics, and gamma pulse signal characteristics can be represented more accurately.

The invention relates to the technical field of thunder and lightning signal identification, and discloses a thunder and lightning time sequence signal identification method based on an improved Transform, a terminal and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an original lightning electric field time sequence signal and carrying out signal preprocessing to generate a plurality of lightning time sequence fragments; screening out key time sequence fragments containing lightning radiation pulses from the plurality of lightning time sequence fragments; taking each key sequence fragment as one-dimensional time sequence data of a single channel, inputting the key sequence fragments into an improved Transform neural network model, and outputting a corresponding lightning discharge type identification result; the model comprises a down-sampling convolution module, a position encoding module, a multi-layer Transform encoder and a category output module. According to the method, subtle relations in the lightning signals are deeply mined, more robust feature support is provided for classification tasks, and the method has better universality, so that the discharge types of the lightning signals are efficiently identified.

A supercontinuum radiation source including a modulator being operable to modulate pump laser radiation including a train of radiation pulses to provide modulated pump laser radiation, the modulation being such to selectively provide a burst of the pulses; and a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber being operable to receive the modulated pump laser radiation and excite a working medium contained within the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber so as to generate supercontinuum radiation.

A high harmonic radiation source and associated method of generating high harmonic radiation is disclosed. The high harmonic radiation source is configured to condition a gas medium by irradiating the gas medium with a pre-pulse of radiation, thereby generating a plasma comprising a pre-pulse plasma distribution; and irradiate the gas medium with a main pulse of radiation to generate said high harmonic radiation. The conditioning step is such that the plasma comprising a pre-pulse plasma distribution acts to configure a wavefront of said main pulse to improve one or both of: the efficiency of the high harmonic generation process and the beam quality of the high harmonic radiation. The high harmonic radiation source further may comprise a beam shaping device configured to shape said customized pre-pulse prior to said conditioning.

Scintillators that are not thermally damaged by heat generated by a predetermined radiation pulse impinging on the scintillator.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatus for acquiring positron emission (or PET) data in the presence of ionizing radiation causing PET detector afterglow. In one variation, the method includes adjusting a coincidence trigger threshold of a PET detector during a treatment session. In one variation, the method includes adjusting a gain factor used in positron emission data acquisition (e.g., a gain factor used to multiply and / or shift an output(s) of a PET detector(s)) during a treatment session. In some variations, a method for acquiring positron emission data during a radiation treatment session includes suspending communication between a PET detector and a signal processor of a controller for a predetermined period of time after a radiation pulse is emitted by a linear accelerator.

A lithographic apparatus having an electrostatic clamp system includes: a plurality of electrodes configured to apply an electrostatic clamping force to a component; a power source connected to the plurality of electrodes; and a controller configured to control potentials applied to the plurality of electrodes to alternate between a first mode in which an average potential of the plurality of electrodes is a first potential, and a second mode in which an average potential of the plurality of electrodes is a second potential in synchronization with generation of a radiation pulse in the lithographic apparatus. And in the second mode, the average potential of the plurality of electrodes is a second potential; and the first potential is more positive than the second potential.

An extreme ultraviolet light generation system, generating plasma by irradiating a target with pulse laser light and generate extreme ultraviolet light, includes a chamber, a target supply unit supplying the target into the chamber, a target passage detection device detecting the target passing through a predetermined region, a laser device radiating the pulse laser light toward the target having passed through the predetermined region, and a processor. The target passage detection device includes a light source irradiating the predetermined region with light, and a sensor receiving the light and outputting a signal corresponding to a received light amount of the light. The processor acquires, from the signal, a passage timing at which the target is detected and a time width during which the target is detected, and determines irradiation timing of the laser device for irradiating with the pulse laser light based on the passage timing and the time width.

To provide a method for connecting a surface-mount electronic component to a circuit board.SOLUTION: A method for connecting an electronic component to a circuit board is disclosed. Initially, a substrate and an electronic component with solder located therebetween are placed under a flashlamp. Multiple light pulses from the flashlamp are applied to the electronic component, the substrate and the solder until the solder reflows. During the application of the light pulses, the power of one of the light pulses from the flashlamp and a temperature of the electronic component are measured, the measured power is converted to radiant exposure, and, in response to the measured temperature of the electronic component, a duty cycle of a next light pulse is adjusted adaptively according to the radiant exposure of the one light pulse.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The application provides a single-station moving ship active and passive cooperative positioning method based on relaxation transformation. The method comprises the following steps: a single-station synthetic aperture radar receives a plurality of frames of radiation pulse signals from a ship, obtains a pulse repetition interval sum, a time difference of arrival measurement value and a Doppler phase measurement value of the ship, and further determines a passive measurement matrix of the ship; based on the pulse repetition interval sum and the speed and position of the ship, a theoretical measurement matrix of the ship is determined to construct a ship positioning model, a weighted least square method and a semi-positive definite relaxation transformation algorithm are used for solving, and a predicted position and a predicted speed of the ship are obtained; a radar wave is emitted to the predicted position of the ship to obtain a scene echo of the ship; a matched filter is designed to coarsely focus the scene echo and extract a peak value signal, the peak value signal is inversely focused and inverted, and a ship echo signal is obtained; the ship is imaged by using the echo signal, and an actual position of the ship is determined according to an imaging result.

A method for determining the thickness of a plurality of coating layers. The method comprises the steps of performing a calibration analysis on calibration data to determine initial values and search limits of optical parameters of the plurality of coating layers, irradiating the plurality of layers with a pulse of THz radiation in the range from 0.01 THz to 10 THz, detecting the reflected radiation to produce a sample response derived from the reflected radiation, producing a synthesized waveform using the optical parameters and predetermined initial thicknesses of the layers, varying the thicknesses and the optical parameters within the search limits to minimize the error measured between the sample response and the synthesized waveform, and outputting the thicknesses of the layers.

A method includes, using a laser, thinning a target site in an iris of an eye by irradiating the target site with one or more first radiation-pulses. Subsequently to thinning the target site, a peak intensity of radiation beams emitted by the laser is increased and, subsequently to increasing the peak intensity, a hole is formed through the target site by, using the laser, irradiating the target site with one or more second radiation-pulses.

To provide methods for PET detector afterglow management.SOLUTION: Disclosed herein are methods and devices for the acquisition of positron emission (or PET) data in the presence of ionizing radiation that causes afterglow of PET detectors. In one variation, the method comprises adjusting a coincidence trigger threshold of the PET detectors during a therapy session. In one variation, the method comprises adjusting a gain factor used in positron emission data acquisition (e.g., a gain factor used to multiply and / or shift the output(s) of a PET detector(s)) during the therapy session. In some variations, a method for acquiring positron emission data during a radiation therapy session comprises suspending communication between the PET detectors and a signal processor of a controller for a predetermined period of time after a radiation pulse has been emitted by the linac.SELECTED DRAWING: None

A method for operating a lidar device by means of a control device is disclosed, wherein at least one radiation pulse is emitted by a radiation source into a scanning area, and the radiation reflected and / or backscattered from the scanning area is received by a detector having a plurality of SPAD cells and converted into electrical count pulses, wherein at least one radiation pulse having an intensity profile with an extended fall is generated and the detector is read out by means of DC-coupled readout electronics. Furthermore, a control device and a lidar device are disclosed.

Device (60) with: a pixel structure (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) for optical distance measurement on an object (12), comprising the following: at least one pixel (14; 32; 32a-g; 35), comprising a first subpixel (16a), a second subpixel (16b) and a third subpixel (16c) for capturing the object area; wherein the first subpixel (16a) comprises a first photoactive area (18a), a first storage node (26a, FD1) and a first evaluation gate (24a, TX1), wherein the first evaluation gate (24a, TX1) is formed adjacent to the first storage node (26a, FD1) and the first photoactive area (18a) of the first subpixel (16a), and is configured to control the transport of charge carriers generated in the first photoactive area (18a) from the first photoactive area (18a) to the first storage node (26a, FD1); and wherein the second subpixel (16b) comprises a second photoactive area (18b), a second storage node (26b, FD2) and a second evaluation gate (24b, TX2), wherein the second evaluation gate (24b, TX2) is formed adjacent to the second storage node (26b, FD2) and the second photoactive area (18b) of the second subpixel (16b), and is configured to control the transport of charge carriers generated in the second photoactive area (18b) from the second photoactive area (18b) to the second storage node (26b, FD2), wherein the third subpixel (16c) comprises a third photoactive area (18c) and a third storage node (26c, FD3) and a third evaluation gate (24c, TX3), wherein the third evaluation gate (24c, TX3) is formed adjacent to the third storage node (26c, FD3) and the third photoactive area (18c) of the third subpixel (16c), and is configured to control the transport of charge carriers generated in the third photoactive area (18c) from the third photoactive area (18c) to the third storage node (26c, FD3); wherein the device comprises a control circuit (54) for controlling the pixel structure (10; 20; 30; 40; 50), wherein the control circuit (54) is configured to cyclically, to control the first evaluation gate (24a, TX1) during a first control interval (t5-t3) synchronized with a radiation pulse from a radiation source (56), so that first charge carriers generated during the first control interval (t5-t3) can be transported from the respective photoactive area (18a) to the first storage node (26a, FD1), and to control the second evaluation gate (24b, TX2) during a second control interval (t7-t5) synchronized with the radiation pulse (22) of the radiation source (56), so that second charge carriers generated during the second control interval (t7-t5) can be transported from the respective photoactive area (18b) to the second storage node (26b, FD2); and to control the third evaluation gate (24c, TX3) during a third control interval (t2-t1) so that third charge carriers generated during the third control interval (t2-t1) can be transported from a respective photoactive area (18c) to the third storage node (26c, FD3); wherein the control circuit (54) is configured to provide reflectance information and distance information regarding the object (12) in the object area and background light information (63a, 63b) regarding the object area based on a charge of the first charge carriers, the second charge carriers and the third charge carriers.

The present invention relates to a method (200) of a control unit (108) of a radiation monitoring device (100) for determining a delivered radiation dose from a plurality of radiation pulses sensed by a sensor unit (101, wherein the method (200) comprises: sampling (S10) a sensor signal from the sensor unit (101); storing (S20) the sampled sensor signal in a data buffer with length S; calculating (S30) a second derivative of the sampled sensor signal in the data buffer; determining (S40) if a valid pulse is stored in the data buffer based on the calculated second derivative of the sampled sensor signal in the data buffer; calculating (S50) the integrated value of the pulse, IP, in the buffer, upon determining that a valid pulse is stored in the data buffer, wherein the data buffer comprises at least two partitions, one partition for storing the valid pulse and the other partition for storing the sensor signal without the valid pulse, wherein the integrated value of the pulse, IP, in the buffer is calculated as the difference between these at least two partitions; and sum (S60) the integrated value of the pulse IP to a delivered radiation dose

In a method of manufacturing a display device, the method includes positioning a substrate; forming a functional layer on the substrate; forming a mask including an opening on the functional layer; radiating pulsed light including a plurality of pulses through the opening of the mask; and removing the functional layer radiated with the pulsed light.

Method for reducing the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surfaces of a wall (10) and from the surfaces of an adapter (14) adhering to the surface of the wall (10) and / or glued to the surface of the wall (10) of a measuring arrangement (1), wherein the measuring arrangement (1) comprises the following: - a container (4) whose interior (2) can be filled with a filling material (6), - a radar level measuring device (12) arranged outside the container (4) and directed towards the interior (2) of the container (4), which is designed as a radar level measuring device and which can emit electromagnetic waves of at least one wavelength and detect the course of the reflected electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength as an echo curve, - the wall (10) arranged between the interior (2) of the container (4) and the radar measuring device (12), which is at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength, - a recording unit (30) for recording the echo curve, - the adaptation (14) for reducing the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surfaces of the wall (10), wherein the adaptation (14) comprises at least one self-adhesive, and / or wall-adherent, and / or wall-lying plastic film (16) and / or plastic plate at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength, which adheres to the wall (10) and / or is affixed to the wall (10) in such a way that the electromagnetic radiation pulses emitted by the radar level gauge (12) penetrate the at least one plastic film (16), wherein the method is characterized in that the following steps are carried out successively: a) Applying and / or sticking the plastic film (16) to the wall (10), b) Irradiating the interior of the container (4), preferably made of plastic, through the plastic film (16) with the electromagnetic radiation pulse emitted by the radar level gauge (12) and recording the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation reflected back into the radar level gauge (12) as an echo curve (20) over time. c) Determining a time period (26) of the echo curve (20) in which the echo curve (20) exhibits at least a part of the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surfaces of the wall (10) and the plastic film (16) and determining the energy value of the radiation pulse detected in the time period (26) from the intensity of the reflected electromagnetic radiation recorded in the time period (26), d) Applying and / or adhering another plastic film (16) to the plastic film (16) already applied and / or adhering to it, e) Irradiating the interior (2) of the container (4) again through the plastic film (16) with an electromagnetic radiation pulse emitted by the radar level gauge (12), recording the echo curve (20) and determining the energy value of the radiation pulse detected in the period (26), f) Applying and / or adhering another plastic film (16) to the applied and / or adhering plastic film and then performing step e), if the last determined energy value is less than the previously determined energy value, (g) Storing the last determined energy value in a memory (34) if the last determined energy value is greater than or equal to the previously determined energy value.

Described are optical magnetic recording systems, writers, media, and methods that utilize pulses of electromagnetic radiation to deterministically record information on magnetic storage media unaided by any additionally applied magnetic field such as from a write pole. The recording pulses may be linearly (or longitudinally) polarized pulses or circularly polarized pulses. The pulses may be modulated in accordance with data bits to be written on the media. Modulation may include modulating the polarization state(s) of the pulses and / or modulating the amplitude(s) the pulses, depending on the particular construction or configuration of the magnetic storage media to be used. Described are recording systems and methods that include laser light pulse generation, light pulse modulation, light pulse delivery, and magnetic media constructions.

The invention particularly relates to a method for generating high-power microwave beat waves, a transmitting array plane of a phased array high-power microwave system is divided into two or more sub-array planes capable of working independently, each sub-array plane is provided with an independent feed network and frequency synthesizers, and the multiple frequency synthesizers can achieve time alignment through synchronizing signals. And microwave excitation signals with the same or different carrier frequencies can be generated. The plurality of frequency synthesizers output different carrier frequency pulses, each independent subarray surface amplifies signals and radiates the signals outwards, and high-power beat wave pulses can be formed through space synthesis. The types of radiation pulse waveforms of the phased array high-power microwave system are increased, the strike distance of the high-power microwave system is increased, the universality of a killing target is improved, and the method has the advantages that the beat wave generation method is easy to implement, and the pulse waveforms are flexible and changeable.

A method of measuring input count rate λ of radiation impinging on a radiation detector. A detector signal is received as a digital or analogue function of an independent signal parameter (such as time). The detector signal comprises or is derived from a series of radiation pulses from the detector. A plurality of signal thresholds θ is defined. For each θ a set of durations d of the independent signal parameter is calculated relating to a comparison between the signal threshold θ and the detector signal. For each signal threshold θ a frequency distribution of the durations d is calculated. A frequency surface F(θ, d) is then calculated as a function of at least signal threshold θ and duration d. The input count rate λ is determined by calculating a count rate estimator φ incorporating a characteristic feature of F(θ,d) that is sensitive to input count rate λ.

A radiation system for controlling pulses of radiation comprising an optical element configured to interact with the pulses of radiation to control a characteristic of the pulses of radiation, an actuator configured to actuate the optical element according to a control signal received from a controller, the control signal at least partially depending on a reference pulse repetition rate of the radiation system and, a processor configured to receive pulse information from the controller and use the pulse information to determine an adjustment to the control signal. The radiation system may be used to improve an accuracy of a lithographic apparatus operating in a multi-focal imaging mode.

Systems and methods for imaging in the short wave infrared (SWIR), photodetectors with low dark current and associated circuits for reducing dark currents and methods for generating image information based on data of a photodetector array. A SWIR imaging system may include a pulsed illumination source operative to emit radiation pulses in the SWIR band towards a target resulting in reflected radiation from the target; (b) an imaging receiver including a plurality of Ge PDs operative to detect the reflected SWIR radiation and a controller, operative to control activation of the receiver for an integration time during which the accumulated dark current noise does not exceed the time independent readout noise.

This invention provides a deep learning-based method for cavitation flow synchrotron radiation particle image velocimetry, comprising: capturing high spatiotemporal resolution cavitation X-ray images containing tracer particles using synchrotron radiation pulsed X-ray rapid imaging technology; improving the YOLOv5 target detection model by adding a small target detection module and a CBAM attention mechanism module; performing super-resolution preprocessing on the cavitation X-ray images using a diffusion model and segmenting the preprocessed images into four equal parts; training the improved YOLOv5 target detection model using a dataset; predicting tracer particles in the segmented images using the trained YOLOv5 target detection model to generate cavitation tracer particle images; and applying cross-correlation analysis to the cavitation tracer particle images to calculate the instantaneous velocity vector field of cavitation. This method solves the detection challenges of large numbers of small tracer particles, significant overlap between particles, and some particles being obscured by bubbles.

A broadband light source assembly, a metrology apparatus and a method of generating broadband radiation have been disclosed. The broad light source comprises a femtosecond pump laser arranged to emit pulses of radiation, wherein the pulses of radiation have an energy per pump pulse of greater than 50 nJ; and comprises an all-normal dispersion optical fiber arranged to receive the pulses of radiation.

To provide a method for manufacturing an internal combustion engine piston that replaces a conventional wet defatting process without requiring a large-capacity water washing tank, a defatting tank, or thermal energy for heating the tanks, while still maintaining adhesion of a resin coat.SOLUTION: A method for manufacturing an internal combustion engine piston comprises: a process to prepare an internal combustion engine piston 10 which has a piston body and a skirt section 18 provided with a streak 60 including a plurality of grooves extending in a circumferential direction on an external surface of the skirt section 18; a laser irradiation process to irradiate the external surface of the skirt section 18 with pulse laser beams with air being injected onto the surface through an air injection nozzle 35; and a surface treatment process which forms a resin coat on the external surface of the skirt section 18 after laser irradiation. In the laser irradiation process, the air is injected from the air injection nozzle 35 to a region irradiated with the pulse laser beams in a direction along the streak 60 on the skirt section 18.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

A broadband light source assembly, a metrology device, and a method of generating broadband radiation are disclosed. The broadband light source comprises a femtosecond pump laser arranged to emit a radiation pulse, wherein the radiation pulse has an energy per pump pulse greater than 50 nJ; and comprising a fully positive dispersive optical fiber arranged to receive the radiation pulse.

A broadband radiation source assembly comprising: a pump laser source configured to output a burst of radiation pulses; and an optical fiber comprising an optical medium configured to generate broadband radiation from the radiation pulses via a nonlinear process. Each burst comprises a plurality of radiation pulses. A method of generating broadband radiation is also described.

The application discloses a plastic scintillator neutron-gamma discrimination method based on a pulse emission cortex, and comprises the following steps: acquiring neutron-gamma pulse signals of a mixed radiation field; establishing a pulse emission cortex model based on the neutron-gamma pulse signals; inputting the filtered neutron-gamma pulse signals into the pulse emission cortex model to generate a firing map containing the firing counts of each sampling point of the pulse signals; extracting the corresponding parts of falling edges and delayed fluorescence information according to the firing map, calculating a discrimination factor; and discriminating neutron-gamma pulse data by using the discrimination factor. The pulse emission cortex model has outstanding performance in extracting internal dynamic information of radiation pulse signals, improves discrimination accuracy, reduces calculation complexity, and enables the method to exhibit excellent neutron-gamma discrimination performance while consuming less time.