34 results about "Radiation pulse" patented technology

Scintillators that are not thermally damaged by heat generated by a predetermined radiation pulse impinging on the scintillator.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatus for acquiring positron emission (or PET) data in the presence of ionizing radiation causing PET detector afterglow. In one variation, the method includes adjusting a coincidence trigger threshold of a PET detector during a treatment session. In one variation, the method includes adjusting a gain factor used in positron emission data acquisition (e.g., a gain factor used to multiply and / or shift an output(s) of a PET detector(s)) during a treatment session. In some variations, a method for acquiring positron emission data during a radiation treatment session includes suspending communication between a PET detector and a signal processor of a controller for a predetermined period of time after a radiation pulse is emitted by a linear accelerator.

An extreme ultraviolet light generation system, generating plasma by irradiating a target with pulse laser light and generate extreme ultraviolet light, includes a chamber, a target supply unit supplying the target into the chamber, a target passage detection device detecting the target passing through a predetermined region, a laser device radiating the pulse laser light toward the target having passed through the predetermined region, and a processor. The target passage detection device includes a light source irradiating the predetermined region with light, and a sensor receiving the light and outputting a signal corresponding to a received light amount of the light. The processor acquires, from the signal, a passage timing at which the target is detected and a time width during which the target is detected, and determines irradiation timing of the laser device for irradiating with the pulse laser light based on the passage timing and the time width.

The application provides a single-station moving ship active and passive cooperative positioning method based on relaxation transformation. The method comprises the following steps: a single-station synthetic aperture radar receives a plurality of frames of radiation pulse signals from a ship, obtains a pulse repetition interval sum, a time difference of arrival measurement value and a Doppler phase measurement value of the ship, and further determines a passive measurement matrix of the ship; based on the pulse repetition interval sum and the speed and position of the ship, a theoretical measurement matrix of the ship is determined to construct a ship positioning model, a weighted least square method and a semi-positive definite relaxation transformation algorithm are used for solving, and a predicted position and a predicted speed of the ship are obtained; a radar wave is emitted to the predicted position of the ship to obtain a scene echo of the ship; a matched filter is designed to coarsely focus the scene echo and extract a peak value signal, the peak value signal is inversely focused and inverted, and a ship echo signal is obtained; the ship is imaged by using the echo signal, and an actual position of the ship is determined according to an imaging result.

Method for reducing the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surfaces of a wall (10) and from the surfaces of an adapter (14) adhering to the surface of the wall (10) and / or glued to the surface of the wall (10) of a measuring arrangement (1), wherein the measuring arrangement (1) comprises the following: - a container (4) whose interior (2) can be filled with a filling material (6), - a radar level measuring device (12) arranged outside the container (4) and directed towards the interior (2) of the container (4), which is designed as a radar level measuring device and which can emit electromagnetic waves of at least one wavelength and detect the course of the reflected electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength as an echo curve, - the wall (10) arranged between the interior (2) of the container (4) and the radar measuring device (12), which is at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength, - a recording unit (30) for recording the echo curve, - the adaptation (14) for reducing the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surfaces of the wall (10), wherein the adaptation (14) comprises at least one self-adhesive, and / or wall-adherent, and / or wall-lying plastic film (16) and / or plastic plate at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength, which adheres to the wall (10) and / or is affixed to the wall (10) in such a way that the electromagnetic radiation pulses emitted by the radar level gauge (12) penetrate the at least one plastic film (16), wherein the method is characterized in that the following steps are carried out successively: a) Applying and / or sticking the plastic film (16) to the wall (10), b) Irradiating the interior of the container (4), preferably made of plastic, through the plastic film (16) with the electromagnetic radiation pulse emitted by the radar level gauge (12) and recording the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation reflected back into the radar level gauge (12) as an echo curve (20) over time. c) Determining a time period (26) of the echo curve (20) in which the echo curve (20) exhibits at least a part of the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surfaces of the wall (10) and the plastic film (16) and determining the energy value of the radiation pulse detected in the time period (26) from the intensity of the reflected electromagnetic radiation recorded in the time period (26), d) Applying and / or adhering another plastic film (16) to the plastic film (16) already applied and / or adhering to it, e) Irradiating the interior (2) of the container (4) again through the plastic film (16) with an electromagnetic radiation pulse emitted by the radar level gauge (12), recording the echo curve (20) and determining the energy value of the radiation pulse detected in the period (26), f) Applying and / or adhering another plastic film (16) to the applied and / or adhering plastic film and then performing step e), if the last determined energy value is less than the previously determined energy value, (g) Storing the last determined energy value in a memory (34) if the last determined energy value is greater than or equal to the previously determined energy value.

The invention particularly relates to a method for generating high-power microwave beat waves, a transmitting array plane of a phased array high-power microwave system is divided into two or more sub-array planes capable of working independently, each sub-array plane is provided with an independent feed network and frequency synthesizers, and the multiple frequency synthesizers can achieve time alignment through synchronizing signals. And microwave excitation signals with the same or different carrier frequencies can be generated. The plurality of frequency synthesizers output different carrier frequency pulses, each independent subarray surface amplifies signals and radiates the signals outwards, and high-power beat wave pulses can be formed through space synthesis. The types of radiation pulse waveforms of the phased array high-power microwave system are increased, the strike distance of the high-power microwave system is increased, the universality of a killing target is improved, and the method has the advantages that the beat wave generation method is easy to implement, and the pulse waveforms are flexible and changeable.

A method of measuring input count rate λ of radiation impinging on a radiation detector. A detector signal is received as a digital or analogue function of an independent signal parameter (such as time). The detector signal comprises or is derived from a series of radiation pulses from the detector. A plurality of signal thresholds θ is defined. For each θ a set of durations d of the independent signal parameter is calculated relating to a comparison between the signal threshold θ and the detector signal. For each signal threshold θ a frequency distribution of the durations d is calculated. A frequency surface F(θ, d) is then calculated as a function of at least signal threshold θ and duration d. The input count rate λ is determined by calculating a count rate estimator φ incorporating a characteristic feature of F(θ,d) that is sensitive to input count rate λ.

A radiation system for controlling pulses of radiation comprising an optical element configured to interact with the pulses of radiation to control a characteristic of the pulses of radiation, an actuator configured to actuate the optical element according to a control signal received from a controller, the control signal at least partially depending on a reference pulse repetition rate of the radiation system and, a processor configured to receive pulse information from the controller and use the pulse information to determine an adjustment to the control signal. The radiation system may be used to improve an accuracy of a lithographic apparatus operating in a multi-focal imaging mode.

Systems and methods for imaging in the short wave infrared (SWIR), photodetectors with low dark current and associated circuits for reducing dark currents and methods for generating image information based on data of a photodetector array. A SWIR imaging system may include a pulsed illumination source operative to emit radiation pulses in the SWIR band towards a target resulting in reflected radiation from the target; (b) an imaging receiver including a plurality of Ge PDs operative to detect the reflected SWIR radiation and a controller, operative to control activation of the receiver for an integration time during which the accumulated dark current noise does not exceed the time independent readout noise.

A broadband light source assembly, a metrology device, and a method of generating broadband radiation are disclosed. The broadband light source comprises a femtosecond pump laser arranged to emit a radiation pulse, wherein the radiation pulse has an energy per pump pulse greater than 50 nJ; and comprising a fully positive dispersive optical fiber arranged to receive the radiation pulse.

The invention relates to a radioactive waste control release measurement data acquisition and wireless transmission system and method, and the system comprises a signal acquisition module which measures a radiation pulse in a radioactive waste control release process, and processes the radiation pulse into an analog pulse signal; a plurality of parallel channels are arranged in the signal processing module, the analog pulse signals are processed at the same time through the parallel channels, digital pulse signals are output, and a high-speed counter is arranged in each parallel channel; the data transmission module is connected with the signal processing module through an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and uploads the digital pulse signal to a remote network platform through an integrated wireless module; and the upper system and the control module are connected to a remote network platform through a wireless module and are used for storing and analyzing the digital pulse signals and determining the control releasing operation of the radioactive wastes. A plurality of parallel channels are arranged to process a plurality of analog pulse signals at the same time, a data transmission module is arranged to achieve transmission in multiple modes, and the technical effects of high-speed pulse signal processing and large-scale parallel measurement supporting are achieved.

An extreme ultraviolet light generation system generating extreme ultraviolet light by irradiating targets with pulse laser light includes a chamber; a target supply unit configured to continuously generate the targets at a specific time interval and supply the targets into the chamber; a timing sensor configured to detect the target passing through a first region and output a signal; a laser device configured to radiate the pulse laser light toward the target having passed through the first region; and a processor configured to obtain first time when a first target has passed through the first region from the signal and second time when a second target generated immediately before the first target has passed through the first region, and determine a timing at which the first target is irradiated with the pulse laser light of the laser device based on the first time, the second time, and the time interval.

A process and system for detection and telemetry using electromagnetic radiation pulses allows characterization of a radial velocity distribution as a function of a separation distance within an exploration zone. An impulse response from the system is used for decomposing a measurement signal which is collected for each acquisition sequence performed for a useful measurement. The result of the decomposition includes an estimate of the radial velocity distribution as a function of the separation distance.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses for laser scanning in a light deficient environment are disclosed. A system includes an emitter to emit pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor including an array of pixels to sense reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a controller including a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter, where the controller synchronizes timing of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation during a blanking period of the image sensor. The system causes at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter to include a laser scanning pattern.

A substrate alignment measurement system comprising: an illumination source configured to provide a pulsed radiation beam comprising alternating s and p polarized radiation pulses; a first optical module configured to direct the pulsed radiation beam towards an alignment mark on a substrate; a second optical module configured to receive diffracted radiation from the alignment mark, the second optical module comprising a delay loop configured to provide temporally separated s and p polarized sub-pulses from each received pulse of the diffracted radiation; and a detection system configured to receive the s and p polarized sub-pulses from the second optical module and provide an output indicative of the intensity of each sub-pulse.

A radiation imaging system including: a radiation generator that includes a radiation source generating a radiation pulse by receiving a tube current of a preset amount; a radiation detector that includes a plurality of charge accumulators which accumulate and release electric charges to be read out as signal values according to received radiation and that generates a dynamic image formed of a plurality of frames; and a hardware processor. The hardware processor sets an amount of the tube current and a length of an accumulation time for which the charge accumulators are allowed to accumulate the electric charges, calculates such a proper range of the tube current that start and end of generation of one radiation pulse by the radiation generator are within one accumulation time to perform an imaging with the accumulation time, and regulates setting of a value out of the proper range.

The invention discloses neutron gamma discrimination equipment based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) signal processing and PCNN (Pulse Coupled Neural Network), which comprises a signal acquisition module constructed based on an FPGA platform, a signal storage module, a signal reading module, a PS module, an ignition map generation module and a PC (Personal Computer) end, the signal reading module obtains an original pulse signal from the signal storage module and transmits the original pulse signal to the PS module for PS calculation, the PS module transmits a PS value obtained through calculation to the PC end and transmits the normalized signal to the ignition map generation module, and the ignition map generation module outputs an ignition mapping map obtained through processing and a discrimination factor to the PC end. According to the invention, each device of a PCNN pulse waveform discrimination algorithm is specifically designed on an FPGA platform, and real-time measurement and discrimination of radiation pulse signals are realized under the condition of ensuring precision, so that neutron gamma equipment which is more convenient to realize and is low in cost and high in precision is realized.

A method that includes performing a plurality of measurement sessions associated with different delay values, a measurement session includes (a) illuminating a region of a sample with radiation pulses that result is a generation of fluorescence pulses; wherein a radiation pulse forms a 2D spot on the region; detecting fluorescence radiation, by a 2D detector of a sensing unit, during detection windows that start at a given delay value from starts of the radiation pulses; wherein each detection window has a duration that (i) exceeds a duration of the fluorescence pulse, and (ii) does not exceed a time difference between adjacent radiation pulses; (b) aggregating, by the sensing unit, detection signals obtained during the detection windows that start at the given delay value from starts of the radiation pulses; and (c) determining decay information based of the detected radiation.

The invention relates to the technical field of non-traditional machining, and discloses an ultra-high-speed jet flow high-precision punching method which is implemented by means of a device integrating gas thermodynamic regulation and control and photoelectric mixed field constraint functions, an inert gas rotating vortex field is constructed through a tangential inclined gas nozzle, and thermodynamic regulation and control of preheating or precooling are conducted on gas. The metal wire is triggered to electrically explode to drive the liquid medium to form an ultra-high-speed jet flow, meanwhile, strong ultraviolet and X-ray radiation pulses generated by electrical explosion are utilized, vortex gas is excited into rotating plasma in situ through a photoionization mechanism to induce an annular magnetic field, and the jet flow forms an ultra-high-speed jet flow under the cooperative constraint of the pneumatic pressure gradient and the electromagnetic Lorentz force. And high-collimation target-distance-crossing impact workpieces are kept. Rayleigh-Taylor instability and radial divergence of jet flow are restrained, eddy current active chip removal is combined, and large-target-distance and high-precision punching of hard and brittle materials difficult to machine is achieved.

There is described a supercontinuum radiation source comprising: a modulator operable to modulate pump laser radiation comprising a string of radiation pulses to provide modulated pump laser radiation, the modulation being such that a selective burst of pulses is provided; and a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre operable to receive the modulated pump laser radiation and to excite a working medium contained within the hollow-core photonic crystal fibre to thereby generate supercontinuum radiation.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatus for acquiring positron emission (or PET) data in the presence of ionizing radiation that causes PET detector afterglow. In one variation, the method includes adjusting a coincidence trigger threshold of a PET detector during a treatment procedure. In one variation, the method includes adjusting a gain factor (e.g., a gain factor for multiplying and / or shifting output (s) of PET detector (s)) used in positron emission data acquisition during a treatment procedure. In some variations, a method for acquiring positron emission data during a radiotherapy procedure includes suspending communication between a PET detector and a signal processor of a controller for a predetermined period of time after emission of a radiation pulse by a linear accelerator.

An inspection system comprises: a radiation source; a detector configured to detect a signal when radiation emitted by the radiation source acts on the inspected object; and a processor in communication connection with the radiation source and configured to determine at least one periodic radiation combination corresponding to a type of the object according to the type of the object, select periodic radiation combinations respectively corresponding to at least two different portions of the object in the at least one periodic radiation combination, and cause the radiation source to emit radiation to the at least two corresponding different portions in selected periodic radiation combinations during the time that the object is scanned, wherein a periodic radiation combination is a chronological arrangement of at least one radiation pulse output by the radiation source in each scanning period. An inspection method is also provided.

Disclosed herein is a method comprising: sending radiation pulses (i), i=1, . . . , M one by one toward an object and toward an image sensor as the image sensor moves nonstop in a first direction with respect to the object; and for each value of i, capturing with the image sensor a partial image (i) of the object using radiation of the radiation pulse (i) that has transmitted through the object. The image sensor comprises N active areas. Each active area of the N active areas comprises multiple sensing elements. For each value of i, the radiation pulse (i) has a pulse duration during which the image sensor travels a distance shorter than a width measured in the first direction of any sensing element of the image sensor. M and N are integers greater than 1.

A dosimeter (1) comprises a radiation detection unit (2) a first amplification unit (3) a capacitor (11), an A / D converter, and a first comparator. The radiation detection unit (2) outputs a current signal of a magnitude corresponding to the intensity of an incident radiation pulse RP each time the radiation pulse RP is incident. The first amplification unit (3) converts the current signal into a voltage signal. The first amplification unit (3) includes a first amplifier (31) and a first reset switch (34). The first comparator is connected to the first amplification unit (3) via the capacitor (11), and outputs a first comparison result signal indicating the result of a comparison between the voltage signal and a first threshold. The A / D converter is connected to the first amplification unit (3) via the capacitor (11), and generates a digital signal indicating the magnitude of the voltage signal. The A / D converter starts a conversion operation on the basis of the first comparison result signal indicating that the voltage signal exceeds the first threshold.

This invention relates to a method for projecting a visual object (22) onto the surrounding environment (12) of a movable device (10), particularly a vehicle, comprising: - injecting an electromagnetic radiation pulse (32) in the visible spectrum into the surrounding environment (12), wherein the radiation pulse (32) has a temporal frequency distribution over its pulse duration (T2), which causes the pulse duration to shorten due to dispersion as it propagates in the surrounding environment (12). Furthermore, this invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out such a method and a vehicle including such an apparatus.

The invention provides a single-station moving ship active and passive cooperative positioning method based on relaxation transformation. The method comprises the following steps that a single-station synthetic aperture radar receives multiple frames of radiation pulse signals from a ship, the pulse repetition interval sum, the time difference of arrival measurement value and the Doppler phase measurement value of the ship are obtained, and then a passive measurement matrix of the ship is determined; based on the sum of pulse repetition intervals and the speed and the position of the ship, determining a theoretical measurement matrix of the ship so as to construct a ship positioning model, and solving by using a weighted least square method and a positive semidefinite relaxation transformation algorithm to obtain the predicted position and the predicted speed of the ship; transmitting radar waves to the predicted position of the ship to obtain scene echoes of the ship; designing a matched filter to perform coarse focusing on the scene echo and extract a peak signal, and performing inverse focusing inversion on the peak signal to obtain an echo signal of the ship; the ship is imaged through the echo signals, and the actual position of the ship is determined according to the imaging result.

A method for controlling an exposure dose at a substrate utilizing a masking device, which device includes a first blade and a second blade. The method includes providing radiation pulses at the masking device for exposing the substrate, exposing an exposure area at the substrate by moving the first blade in a first direction relative to a slit center and by moving the second blade in a second direction, with the second direction being opposite to the first direction, and keeping an amount of radiation received at the exposure area constant, wherein moving the first and second blade is defined by a velocity profile of a substrate support supporting the substrate.

An ionization detector provides accurate measurements of high dose rate, short duration radiation pulses required by FLASH radiation therapy procedures by employing high voltages across narrow ionization channels minimizing saturation and polarization effects. Air equivalent polymers may be used to provide the electrodes of the ionization detector for improved accuracy and to resist radiation-induced degradation.