56 results about "Radiation pulse" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for selecting and triggering gamma instant radiation pulse events, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear radiation detection. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out normalization preprocessing on an original gamma pulse radiation time spectrum; s time-frequency transformation is carried out on the preprocessed data, and time-frequency features are extracted; optimizing parameters of the frequency threshold and the amplitude threshold after S time-frequency transformation by adopting a deep reinforcement learning model to obtain an optimal frequency threshold and an optimal amplitude threshold; performing filtering processing on the signal of the S time-frequency conversion result, and separating noise from an effective signal; and searching a pulse radiation event for the filtered signal by applying a morphology-based peak searching method, and positioning the position and the characteristic of a real gamma instant radiation pulse event. According to the method, time-frequency analysis is carried out through S time-frequency transformation, the problem that the frequency of an analysis window cannot be adjusted through short-time window Fourier transformation is solved, the method has better frequency resolution and phase retention characteristics, and gamma pulse signal characteristics can be represented more accurately.

The invention relates to the technical field of thunder and lightning signal identification, and discloses a thunder and lightning time sequence signal identification method based on an improved Transform, a terminal and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an original lightning electric field time sequence signal and carrying out signal preprocessing to generate a plurality of lightning time sequence fragments; screening out key time sequence fragments containing lightning radiation pulses from the plurality of lightning time sequence fragments; taking each key sequence fragment as one-dimensional time sequence data of a single channel, inputting the key sequence fragments into an improved Transform neural network model, and outputting a corresponding lightning discharge type identification result; the model comprises a down-sampling convolution module, a position encoding module, a multi-layer Transform encoder and a category output module. According to the method, subtle relations in the lightning signals are deeply mined, more robust feature support is provided for classification tasks, and the method has better universality, so that the discharge types of the lightning signals are efficiently identified.

Scintillators that are not thermally damaged by heat generated by a predetermined radiation pulse impinging on the scintillator.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatus for acquiring positron emission (or PET) data in the presence of ionizing radiation causing PET detector afterglow. In one variation, the method includes adjusting a coincidence trigger threshold of a PET detector during a treatment session. In one variation, the method includes adjusting a gain factor used in positron emission data acquisition (e.g., a gain factor used to multiply and / or shift an output(s) of a PET detector(s)) during a treatment session. In some variations, a method for acquiring positron emission data during a radiation treatment session includes suspending communication between a PET detector and a signal processor of a controller for a predetermined period of time after a radiation pulse is emitted by a linear accelerator.

A lithographic apparatus having an electrostatic clamp system includes: a plurality of electrodes configured to apply an electrostatic clamping force to a component; a power source connected to the plurality of electrodes; and a controller configured to control potentials applied to the plurality of electrodes to alternate between a first mode in which an average potential of the plurality of electrodes is a first potential, and a second mode in which an average potential of the plurality of electrodes is a second potential in synchronization with generation of a radiation pulse in the lithographic apparatus. And in the second mode, the average potential of the plurality of electrodes is a second potential; and the first potential is more positive than the second potential.

An extreme ultraviolet light generation system, generating plasma by irradiating a target with pulse laser light and generate extreme ultraviolet light, includes a chamber, a target supply unit supplying the target into the chamber, a target passage detection device detecting the target passing through a predetermined region, a laser device radiating the pulse laser light toward the target having passed through the predetermined region, and a processor. The target passage detection device includes a light source irradiating the predetermined region with light, and a sensor receiving the light and outputting a signal corresponding to a received light amount of the light. The processor acquires, from the signal, a passage timing at which the target is detected and a time width during which the target is detected, and determines irradiation timing of the laser device for irradiating with the pulse laser light based on the passage timing and the time width.

The application provides a single-station moving ship active and passive cooperative positioning method based on relaxation transformation. The method comprises the following steps: a single-station synthetic aperture radar receives a plurality of frames of radiation pulse signals from a ship, obtains a pulse repetition interval sum, a time difference of arrival measurement value and a Doppler phase measurement value of the ship, and further determines a passive measurement matrix of the ship; based on the pulse repetition interval sum and the speed and position of the ship, a theoretical measurement matrix of the ship is determined to construct a ship positioning model, a weighted least square method and a semi-positive definite relaxation transformation algorithm are used for solving, and a predicted position and a predicted speed of the ship are obtained; a radar wave is emitted to the predicted position of the ship to obtain a scene echo of the ship; a matched filter is designed to coarsely focus the scene echo and extract a peak value signal, the peak value signal is inversely focused and inverted, and a ship echo signal is obtained; the ship is imaged by using the echo signal, and an actual position of the ship is determined according to an imaging result.

A method for determining the thickness of a plurality of coating layers. The method comprises the steps of performing a calibration analysis on calibration data to determine initial values and search limits of optical parameters of the plurality of coating layers, irradiating the plurality of layers with a pulse of THz radiation in the range from 0.01 THz to 10 THz, detecting the reflected radiation to produce a sample response derived from the reflected radiation, producing a synthesized waveform using the optical parameters and predetermined initial thicknesses of the layers, varying the thicknesses and the optical parameters within the search limits to minimize the error measured between the sample response and the synthesized waveform, and outputting the thicknesses of the layers.

Device (60) with: a pixel structure (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) for optical distance measurement on an object (12), comprising the following: at least one pixel (14; 32; 32a-g; 35), comprising a first subpixel (16a), a second subpixel (16b) and a third subpixel (16c) for capturing the object area; wherein the first subpixel (16a) comprises a first photoactive area (18a), a first storage node (26a, FD1) and a first evaluation gate (24a, TX1), wherein the first evaluation gate (24a, TX1) is formed adjacent to the first storage node (26a, FD1) and the first photoactive area (18a) of the first subpixel (16a), and is configured to control the transport of charge carriers generated in the first photoactive area (18a) from the first photoactive area (18a) to the first storage node (26a, FD1); and wherein the second subpixel (16b) comprises a second photoactive area (18b), a second storage node (26b, FD2) and a second evaluation gate (24b, TX2), wherein the second evaluation gate (24b, TX2) is formed adjacent to the second storage node (26b, FD2) and the second photoactive area (18b) of the second subpixel (16b), and is configured to control the transport of charge carriers generated in the second photoactive area (18b) from the second photoactive area (18b) to the second storage node (26b, FD2), wherein the third subpixel (16c) comprises a third photoactive area (18c) and a third storage node (26c, FD3) and a third evaluation gate (24c, TX3), wherein the third evaluation gate (24c, TX3) is formed adjacent to the third storage node (26c, FD3) and the third photoactive area (18c) of the third subpixel (16c), and is configured to control the transport of charge carriers generated in the third photoactive area (18c) from the third photoactive area (18c) to the third storage node (26c, FD3); wherein the device comprises a control circuit (54) for controlling the pixel structure (10; 20; 30; 40; 50), wherein the control circuit (54) is configured to cyclically, to control the first evaluation gate (24a, TX1) during a first control interval (t5-t3) synchronized with a radiation pulse from a radiation source (56), so that first charge carriers generated during the first control interval (t5-t3) can be transported from the respective photoactive area (18a) to the first storage node (26a, FD1), and to control the second evaluation gate (24b, TX2) during a second control interval (t7-t5) synchronized with the radiation pulse (22) of the radiation source (56), so that second charge carriers generated during the second control interval (t7-t5) can be transported from the respective photoactive area (18b) to the second storage node (26b, FD2); and to control the third evaluation gate (24c, TX3) during a third control interval (t2-t1) so that third charge carriers generated during the third control interval (t2-t1) can be transported from a respective photoactive area (18c) to the third storage node (26c, FD3); wherein the control circuit (54) is configured to provide reflectance information and distance information regarding the object (12) in the object area and background light information (63a, 63b) regarding the object area based on a charge of the first charge carriers, the second charge carriers and the third charge carriers.

Method for reducing the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surfaces of a wall (10) and from the surfaces of an adapter (14) adhering to the surface of the wall (10) and / or glued to the surface of the wall (10) of a measuring arrangement (1), wherein the measuring arrangement (1) comprises the following: - a container (4) whose interior (2) can be filled with a filling material (6), - a radar level measuring device (12) arranged outside the container (4) and directed towards the interior (2) of the container (4), which is designed as a radar level measuring device and which can emit electromagnetic waves of at least one wavelength and detect the course of the reflected electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength as an echo curve, - the wall (10) arranged between the interior (2) of the container (4) and the radar measuring device (12), which is at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength, - a recording unit (30) for recording the echo curve, - the adaptation (14) for reducing the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surfaces of the wall (10), wherein the adaptation (14) comprises at least one self-adhesive, and / or wall-adherent, and / or wall-lying plastic film (16) and / or plastic plate at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength, which adheres to the wall (10) and / or is affixed to the wall (10) in such a way that the electromagnetic radiation pulses emitted by the radar level gauge (12) penetrate the at least one plastic film (16), wherein the method is characterized in that the following steps are carried out successively: a) Applying and / or sticking the plastic film (16) to the wall (10), b) Irradiating the interior of the container (4), preferably made of plastic, through the plastic film (16) with the electromagnetic radiation pulse emitted by the radar level gauge (12) and recording the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation reflected back into the radar level gauge (12) as an echo curve (20) over time. c) Determining a time period (26) of the echo curve (20) in which the echo curve (20) exhibits at least a part of the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surfaces of the wall (10) and the plastic film (16) and determining the energy value of the radiation pulse detected in the time period (26) from the intensity of the reflected electromagnetic radiation recorded in the time period (26), d) Applying and / or adhering another plastic film (16) to the plastic film (16) already applied and / or adhering to it, e) Irradiating the interior (2) of the container (4) again through the plastic film (16) with an electromagnetic radiation pulse emitted by the radar level gauge (12), recording the echo curve (20) and determining the energy value of the radiation pulse detected in the period (26), f) Applying and / or adhering another plastic film (16) to the applied and / or adhering plastic film and then performing step e), if the last determined energy value is less than the previously determined energy value, (g) Storing the last determined energy value in a memory (34) if the last determined energy value is greater than or equal to the previously determined energy value.

Described are optical magnetic recording systems, writers, media, and methods that utilize pulses of electromagnetic radiation to deterministically record information on magnetic storage media unaided by any additionally applied magnetic field such as from a write pole. The recording pulses may be linearly (or longitudinally) polarized pulses or circularly polarized pulses. The pulses may be modulated in accordance with data bits to be written on the media. Modulation may include modulating the polarization state(s) of the pulses and / or modulating the amplitude(s) the pulses, depending on the particular construction or configuration of the magnetic storage media to be used. Described are recording systems and methods that include laser light pulse generation, light pulse modulation, light pulse delivery, and magnetic media constructions.

The invention particularly relates to a method for generating high-power microwave beat waves, a transmitting array plane of a phased array high-power microwave system is divided into two or more sub-array planes capable of working independently, each sub-array plane is provided with an independent feed network and frequency synthesizers, and the multiple frequency synthesizers can achieve time alignment through synchronizing signals. And microwave excitation signals with the same or different carrier frequencies can be generated. The plurality of frequency synthesizers output different carrier frequency pulses, each independent subarray surface amplifies signals and radiates the signals outwards, and high-power beat wave pulses can be formed through space synthesis. The types of radiation pulse waveforms of the phased array high-power microwave system are increased, the strike distance of the high-power microwave system is increased, the universality of a killing target is improved, and the method has the advantages that the beat wave generation method is easy to implement, and the pulse waveforms are flexible and changeable.

A method of measuring input count rate λ of radiation impinging on a radiation detector. A detector signal is received as a digital or analogue function of an independent signal parameter (such as time). The detector signal comprises or is derived from a series of radiation pulses from the detector. A plurality of signal thresholds θ is defined. For each θ a set of durations d of the independent signal parameter is calculated relating to a comparison between the signal threshold θ and the detector signal. For each signal threshold θ a frequency distribution of the durations d is calculated. A frequency surface F(θ, d) is then calculated as a function of at least signal threshold θ and duration d. The input count rate λ is determined by calculating a count rate estimator φ incorporating a characteristic feature of F(θ,d) that is sensitive to input count rate λ.

A radiation system for controlling pulses of radiation comprising an optical element configured to interact with the pulses of radiation to control a characteristic of the pulses of radiation, an actuator configured to actuate the optical element according to a control signal received from a controller, the control signal at least partially depending on a reference pulse repetition rate of the radiation system and, a processor configured to receive pulse information from the controller and use the pulse information to determine an adjustment to the control signal. The radiation system may be used to improve an accuracy of a lithographic apparatus operating in a multi-focal imaging mode.

Systems and methods for imaging in the short wave infrared (SWIR), photodetectors with low dark current and associated circuits for reducing dark currents and methods for generating image information based on data of a photodetector array. A SWIR imaging system may include a pulsed illumination source operative to emit radiation pulses in the SWIR band towards a target resulting in reflected radiation from the target; (b) an imaging receiver including a plurality of Ge PDs operative to detect the reflected SWIR radiation and a controller, operative to control activation of the receiver for an integration time during which the accumulated dark current noise does not exceed the time independent readout noise.

This invention provides a deep learning-based method for cavitation flow synchrotron radiation particle image velocimetry, comprising: capturing high spatiotemporal resolution cavitation X-ray images containing tracer particles using synchrotron radiation pulsed X-ray rapid imaging technology; improving the YOLOv5 target detection model by adding a small target detection module and a CBAM attention mechanism module; performing super-resolution preprocessing on the cavitation X-ray images using a diffusion model and segmenting the preprocessed images into four equal parts; training the improved YOLOv5 target detection model using a dataset; predicting tracer particles in the segmented images using the trained YOLOv5 target detection model to generate cavitation tracer particle images; and applying cross-correlation analysis to the cavitation tracer particle images to calculate the instantaneous velocity vector field of cavitation. This method solves the detection challenges of large numbers of small tracer particles, significant overlap between particles, and some particles being obscured by bubbles.

A broadband light source assembly, a metrology device, and a method of generating broadband radiation are disclosed. The broadband light source comprises a femtosecond pump laser arranged to emit a radiation pulse, wherein the radiation pulse has an energy per pump pulse greater than 50 nJ; and comprising a fully positive dispersive optical fiber arranged to receive the radiation pulse.

A broadband radiation source assembly comprising: a pump laser source configured to output a burst of radiation pulses; and an optical fiber comprising an optical medium configured to generate broadband radiation from the radiation pulses via a nonlinear process. Each burst comprises a plurality of radiation pulses. A method of generating broadband radiation is also described.

The application discloses a plastic scintillator neutron-gamma discrimination method based on a pulse emission cortex, and comprises the following steps: acquiring neutron-gamma pulse signals of a mixed radiation field; establishing a pulse emission cortex model based on the neutron-gamma pulse signals; inputting the filtered neutron-gamma pulse signals into the pulse emission cortex model to generate a firing map containing the firing counts of each sampling point of the pulse signals; extracting the corresponding parts of falling edges and delayed fluorescence information according to the firing map, calculating a discrimination factor; and discriminating neutron-gamma pulse data by using the discrimination factor. The pulse emission cortex model has outstanding performance in extracting internal dynamic information of radiation pulse signals, improves discrimination accuracy, reduces calculation complexity, and enables the method to exhibit excellent neutron-gamma discrimination performance while consuming less time.

The invention discloses a low-permeability sandstone uranium mine microwave radiation-pulse water pressure combined permeation enhancing device, and relates to the technical field of uranium mine mining, the low-permeability sandstone uranium mine microwave radiation-pulse water pressure combined permeation enhancing device comprises a microwave radiation mechanism, a sealing mechanism and a high-pressure pulse water injection mechanism, a microwave radiator is connected with a microwave antenna through a waveguide tube, and the microwave antenna is used for extending into a drilling well; the upper packer and the lower packer can be located in a drilling well and seal the space between the upper packer and the lower packer, a water conveying pipe of the high-pressure pulse water injection mechanism penetrates through the upper packer and reaches the position between the upper packer and the lower packer, and the microwave antenna is located between the upper packer and the lower packer. The invention further discloses a low-permeability sandstone uranium ore microwave radiation-pulse water pressure combined permeation enhancing method which is implemented by adopting the low-permeability sandstone uranium ore microwave radiation-pulse water pressure combined permeation enhancing device. According to the invention, a large-range fracture network with good uniformity can be formed in the ore rock layer, so that the permeability of the sandstone uranium ore layer is increased and the anisotropic permeability coefficient is reduced.

The invention relates to a radioactive waste control release measurement data acquisition and wireless transmission system and method, and the system comprises a signal acquisition module which measures a radiation pulse in a radioactive waste control release process, and processes the radiation pulse into an analog pulse signal; a plurality of parallel channels are arranged in the signal processing module, the analog pulse signals are processed at the same time through the parallel channels, digital pulse signals are output, and a high-speed counter is arranged in each parallel channel; the data transmission module is connected with the signal processing module through an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and uploads the digital pulse signal to a remote network platform through an integrated wireless module; and the upper system and the control module are connected to a remote network platform through a wireless module and are used for storing and analyzing the digital pulse signals and determining the control releasing operation of the radioactive wastes. A plurality of parallel channels are arranged to process a plurality of analog pulse signals at the same time, a data transmission module is arranged to achieve transmission in multiple modes, and the technical effects of high-speed pulse signal processing and large-scale parallel measurement supporting are achieved.

An extreme ultraviolet light generation system generating extreme ultraviolet light by irradiating targets with pulse laser light includes a chamber; a target supply unit configured to continuously generate the targets at a specific time interval and supply the targets into the chamber; a timing sensor configured to detect the target passing through a first region and output a signal; a laser device configured to radiate the pulse laser light toward the target having passed through the first region; and a processor configured to obtain first time when a first target has passed through the first region from the signal and second time when a second target generated immediately before the first target has passed through the first region, and determine a timing at which the first target is irradiated with the pulse laser light of the laser device based on the first time, the second time, and the time interval.

A process and system for detection and telemetry using electromagnetic radiation pulses allows characterization of a radial velocity distribution as a function of a separation distance within an exploration zone. An impulse response from the system is used for decomposing a measurement signal which is collected for each acquisition sequence performed for a useful measurement. The result of the decomposition includes an estimate of the radial velocity distribution as a function of the separation distance.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses for laser scanning in a light deficient environment are disclosed. A system includes an emitter to emit pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor including an array of pixels to sense reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a controller including a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter, where the controller synchronizes timing of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation during a blanking period of the image sensor. The system causes at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter to include a laser scanning pattern.

A substrate alignment measurement system comprising: an illumination source configured to provide a pulsed radiation beam comprising alternating s and p polarized radiation pulses; a first optical module configured to direct the pulsed radiation beam towards an alignment mark on a substrate; a second optical module configured to receive diffracted radiation from the alignment mark, the second optical module comprising a delay loop configured to provide temporally separated s and p polarized sub-pulses from each received pulse of the diffracted radiation; and a detection system configured to receive the s and p polarized sub-pulses from the second optical module and provide an output indicative of the intensity of each sub-pulse.

The application discloses a kind of stripe camera system sensitivity under the measurement method and device of through radiation pulse, the calculation method of maximum ADUs value, solve the problem that stripe camera system sensitivity test precision is low in prior art, flexibility is poor and workload is big, specifically includes: step 1, build measurement system;Step 2, calculate conversion coefficient;Step 3, acquisition experimental image and dose monitoring value;Step 4, calculate sensitivity;The conversion coefficient calculation method of the present application is established from experimental radiation source pulse radiation dose to actual radiation source energy fluence, realizes the ability of using the measurement result under experimental radiation source to calculate stripe camera system sensitivity under actual radiation source radiation, fills the vacancy that stripe camera system sensitivity cannot be accurately measured under the current through radiation pulse, in the case where actual radiation source does not have stripe camera system calibration condition, ensure that stripe camera system is efficiently implemented scientific research exploration experiment.

A radiation imaging system including: a radiation generator that includes a radiation source generating a radiation pulse by receiving a tube current of a preset amount; a radiation detector that includes a plurality of charge accumulators which accumulate and release electric charges to be read out as signal values according to received radiation and that generates a dynamic image formed of a plurality of frames; and a hardware processor. The hardware processor sets an amount of the tube current and a length of an accumulation time for which the charge accumulators are allowed to accumulate the electric charges, calculates such a proper range of the tube current that start and end of generation of one radiation pulse by the radiation generator are within one accumulation time to perform an imaging with the accumulation time, and regulates setting of a value out of the proper range.

The invention discloses neutron gamma discrimination equipment based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) signal processing and PCNN (Pulse Coupled Neural Network), which comprises a signal acquisition module constructed based on an FPGA platform, a signal storage module, a signal reading module, a PS module, an ignition map generation module and a PC (Personal Computer) end, the signal reading module obtains an original pulse signal from the signal storage module and transmits the original pulse signal to the PS module for PS calculation, the PS module transmits a PS value obtained through calculation to the PC end and transmits the normalized signal to the ignition map generation module, and the ignition map generation module outputs an ignition mapping map obtained through processing and a discrimination factor to the PC end. According to the invention, each device of a PCNN pulse waveform discrimination algorithm is specifically designed on an FPGA platform, and real-time measurement and discrimination of radiation pulse signals are realized under the condition of ensuring precision, so that neutron gamma equipment which is more convenient to realize and is low in cost and high in precision is realized.

A method that includes performing a plurality of measurement sessions associated with different delay values, a measurement session includes (a) illuminating a region of a sample with radiation pulses that result is a generation of fluorescence pulses; wherein a radiation pulse forms a 2D spot on the region; detecting fluorescence radiation, by a 2D detector of a sensing unit, during detection windows that start at a given delay value from starts of the radiation pulses; wherein each detection window has a duration that (i) exceeds a duration of the fluorescence pulse, and (ii) does not exceed a time difference between adjacent radiation pulses; (b) aggregating, by the sensing unit, detection signals obtained during the detection windows that start at the given delay value from starts of the radiation pulses; and (c) determining decay information based of the detected radiation.