The invention relates to a soil slope water flow erosion resistance simulation test method and device. The device comprises a liftable slope simulation device, a sheetflood scouring simulation device, a water and soil collecting device, a flow velocity determining device and a slope surface form camera device. According to the test method, the water flow is controlled, surface flow and seepage are formed, and sheetflood water, seepage water and sediment quantity formed by scouring slopes by sheetflood water are collected. The flow, the flow velocity, the erosion depth, the sand yield and the like of the water flow are measured quantitatively. Compacted soil is soaked in water until saturation for simulation, the efficiency of an indoor simulation test on slope scouring is improved, the test period is shortened, the test result proves the maximum depth of a slope erosion gully and the change rule of the sand yield with time, discloses the relation between the water flow erosion capacity of catchment behind slopes and the slope length, gradient and time and provides a basis for prediction of the water flow erosion scale and the need of slope protection and reinforcement. The device is simple in structure, convenient to operate and suitable for measurement of soil mechanics parameters of slope soil mass.