The present invention provides a method of using distributed optical fibers for an advanced monitoring of tunnel surrounding rock deformation. A monitoring device related to the method comprises a distributed optical fiber measuring pipe, an optical fiber sensing line, a Brillouin backscattering light data acquisition facility, and a data processing and analyzing software. The method comprises the steps of symmetrically laying sensing optical fibers on the external surface of a PP-R pipe to manufacture the distributed optical fiber measuring pipe, by which the displacement of soil along the measuring pipe can be obtained; embedding the distributed optical fiber measuring pipe in the drilling hole in the overlying surrounding rock of the tunnel, and injecting couplant to form a measuring pipe of a soil-pipe compatible deformation type, wherein the measuring pipe deforms with the synchronous displacement of the surrounding rock; and realizing monitoring of the deformation or displacement of the surrounding rock by measuring the deformation of the measuring pipe. The method provided in the invention has the characteristics of a distributed type, automatic data acquisition, real time and advanced monitoring, etc., and is suitable for monitoring surrounding rock two dimensional deformation or displacement in the geotechnical engineering field such as a tunnel cavern, a coal mine tunnel, etc.