The invention discloses an
optimal design method of a hydrographic measurement heavy hammer, the heavy hammer and a measurement
system. The method comprises the following steps: determining a water surface and water bottom tension change threshold value, a sinking speed and
mass and volume constraints; establishing an optimization model which takes the weight volume V, the
material density rho and the shape parameter as decision variables and takes the minimum
mass m as a target function; and solving the model to obtain an optimal solution and determining the specification of the heavy hammer. The heavy hammer is designed and manufactured according to the method, the shape of the heavy hammer can be spherical, drop-shaped or
torpedo-shaped, and the optimal parameters are as follows: the volume V0 is approximately equal to 1.3265 * 10 <-4 > m < 3 >, the density rho0 is approximately equal to 2922kg / m < 3 >, and the
mass m0 is approximately equal to 0.3875 kg. The heavy hammer body can adopt a separable
assembly structure, a balancing weight can be arranged in the heavy hammer body to adjust the density, and a temperature sensor and a
wireless communication module can be integrated. According to the invention, empirical design is converted into scientific optimization, a tension change
signal (deltaT1 is greater than or equal to 1.3 N, and deltaT2 is greater than or equal to 2.5 N) is ensured to be obvious, the sinking speed is high (greater than or equal to 1m / s), meanwhile, light weight (m is less than or equal to 0.5 kg) and multifunctional integration are realized, and the contradiction among
measurement reliability, efficiency and equipment portability is effectively solved.