72 results about "Environmental evaluation" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for processing corona audible noise of a high-voltage direct-current power transmission line under high background noise. The method includes the following steps: determining background noise and audible noise measuring data of the power transmission line; removing invalid data in the background noise and the audible noise measuring data to acquire respective valid data; subtracting corona audible noise frequency spectrum acquired by measuring by background noise frequency spectrum to acquire corona noise frequency spectrum; finally determining the corona audible noise of the direct-current line. The method is simple and easy to implement, capable of screening invalid data before processing audible noise data of the direct-current line and capable of substantially lowering background interference in measuring data and is of great significance in noise prediction method studying of the power transmission line and environmental evaluation after being built.

The invention discloses a multipoint dispersive accumulative alpha energy spectrum soil radon-measuring method, which comprises the following steps: A. a measuring point is selected, and a data acquisition unit is buried into the soil of the measuring point; B. after radon gas in the soil is dispersed into a radon gas acquisition chamber of the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is started; C. the data acquisition unit accumulatively collects and measures radon of the measuring point and alpha radiators in daughters of the radon, and then transmits measuring data to an on-scene data management module; D. the on-scene data management module performs statistic analysis on the measuring data, and then transmits the measuring data to a computer analysis module; and E. the computer analysis module further analyzes the data. The method can overcome the defects of the prior soil radon-measuring method, can solve the problems of low measuring efficiency, measuring precision, measuring accuracy and measuring reliability of the soil radon, and can realize qualitative measurement on the radon and daughter nuclide of the radon, thereby being capable of meeting the active demand of the prior geological exploration field and the prior environmental evaluation field on measurement of the soil radon.

The invention discloses a complex electrical field measuring system which comprises a complex electrical field sensing and measuring unit, a handset unit and a measured place grounding reference plate-type electrode. According to the system, devices of a complex electrical field can be tested simultaneously at a same measuring position, or a power frequency electric field, a direct-current electric field and an AC / DC combined complex electric field can be respectively measured in a controlled way. Thus, the function of measuring three different electric fields by a same measuring instrument is realized without a computer used as a part for achieving the measuring function, and measured date adopts wireless transmission. the method is direct and can be adopted to conveniently, effectively and accurately measure magnitude of an electric field of an electric transmission line and a convertor station in AC, DC and AC / DC parallel areas at a same measuring point, thus providing scientific data monitoring basis for transmission and transformation project environmental evaluation and research on electromagnetic environment level of AC / DC electric transmission line parallel and cross and span areas. In addition, measurements are convenient and simplified.

The invention discloses a method for quickly determining the hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil, relating to a method for testing the hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: (1) developing a multi-step flow test under a certain condition to obtain the relation curve between the saturation and the time change, simultaneously, establishing a linear viscoelastic model that accurately describes the saturation of the specimen along the time change under the condition; (2) calculating the water tolerance Ci at unit pressure and the characteristic time tci under the effect of the capillary pressure pci; and (3) calculating the saturation (Sr)eqi and the filtration coefficient ki when the specimen is in the balance state under the effect of the capillary pressure pci. The invention relates to a method for determining the hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil based on the multi-step flow test result under a certain condition. The method is also suitable to environmental evaluation of underground pollutants, rainfall infiltration and other fields related to unsaturated soil.

The invention discloses a remote environment-friendly monitoring system based on an Internet of Things technology in the technical field of environment-friendly monitoring. The system comprises a front-end data acquisition module, a video monitoring terminal, a central management data platform, an environment management system, a wireless communication module and a remote monitoring terminal, wherein the front-end data acquisition module is used for acquiring real-time data and historical data of a pollution source monitoring instrument, improving an index parameter configuration function, andallowing user-defined configuration of various index parameters. Through the application of the Internet of things technology, the real-time performance and effectiveness of environment monitoring can be effectively improved, the information sharing is realized, and an important basis is provided for environment arbitration, pollution control, environmental evaluation and environment supervisionand management, so that an environment-friendly full-coverage and sustainable environment-friendly Internet of Things system can be established.

The invention discloses an alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon in soil based on a static diffusion and electrostatic adsorption principle of the radon in soil, which comprises the following steps: (A) during measuring, burying a radon daughter electrostatic adsorption device in soil for a period of time, and then taking the radon daughter electrostatic adsorption device out and using an alpha energy spectrum measuring device to measure adsorbed radon daughters; (B) using a high-voltage electrostatic charging device to charge the radon daughter electrostatic adsorption device so as to enable the radon daughter electrostatic adsorption device to have high-voltage static electricity; (C) using an alpha energy spectrum measuring and data managing device to measure the alpha energy spectrum information of the adsorbed radon daughters of the radon daughter electrostatic adsorption device and concentratively managing the data; and (D) using a computer software analysis system to detailedly analyze the measuring data. The method can overcome the defects of the prior measuring method of the radon in soil, solve the problems of low soil radon measurement efficiency, precision, accuracy and reliability, and the like, indirectly measure the radon in soil by measuring nuclides of the radon daughters in soil, overcome the influences of thoron and meet the urgent requirement on the measurement of the radon the soil of the geological survey field and the environmental evaluation field at present.

The invention discloses an environmental and economic performance comprehensive evaluation method for thermal power plant typical environmental protection engineering and relates to evaluation of environmental and economic performance of thermal power plant typical pollutant control units. The problem that comprehensive evaluation of environmental and economic performance of existing thermal power plant typical pollutant control units is not sufficient is solved. The method includes the steps that firstly, an environmental and economic performance index system of the thermal power plant typical environmental protection engineering is established, and membership functions are established for evaluation indexes; weights of the evaluation indexes in all levels of evaluation are determined according to an actual running parameter and the technical requirement; a fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method is utilized, a large membership principle is adopted, environmental evaluation and economic evaluation are performed on the environmental protection engineering, and finally the environmental and economic performance of the environmental protection engineering is comprehensively evaluated. The method has universal applicability and operability, the result of the method can reflect advantages and disadvantages of the environmental and economic performance of the existing pollutant control units, the specific problems of the pollutant control units and reasons causing the problems are indicated, and the energy conservation and emission reduction development direction of a thermal power plant is guided.

The invention belongs to the coastal zone ecological environment evaluation field, and especially relates to a coastal zone pollutant load estimation method comprising the following steps: 1, determining a pollution source and main pollutants, and determining a point source pollution source and a non-point source pollution source according to research area pollutant formation characteristics and data obtainable conditions; determining main pollutants according to statistics of the pollutant content; wherein the point source pollution comprises industrial wastewater; wherein the non-point source pollution refers to water body pollution caused by the fact that various pollutants converge into a receiving water body under the action of large-area rainfall and runoff scouring; 2, estimating pollution load, including point source pollution load estimation and non-point source pollution source load estimation; main pollutants being total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand andammonia nitrogen. The method has the beneficial effects that main factors related to the pollutant load in the coastal zone range are generalized, a complete coastal zone pollutant load estimation system is established, and the current situation of the pollutant load level in the coastal zone range is analyzed.

The invention relates to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon property / toxicity prediction method using an intelligent support vector machine. The method, based on measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule structures and the quantitative structure-activity relationship technology, establishes a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon environmental index prediction module and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenicity prediction module and employs the support vector machine algorithm, thereby realizing handing of problems of small samples, nonlinearity and high dimension. The method also optimizes the models by using the grid search method, the genetic algorithm, and the particle swarm algorithm, thereby preventing parameter influence and further improving the accuracy of the models. The method can predict the property and toxicity of unknown polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons rapidly by using intelligent optimized support vector machine; compared with conventional toxic test experiments, the method increases the test efficiency; compared with the conventional statistical prediction method, the method improves the generalization; compared with normal algorithms, the method prevents parameter influence, realizes programming and can provide referable decisional proof for environmental evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The invention relates to a method and a kit for setting the survival rate of nematode quickly. In the method, the nematode is dyed by using a dye which is 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC); live nematode can be dyed, dead nematode cannot be dyed, and a light absorption value is in proportion to the number of the live nematode, so the survival rate of the nematode can be reflected directly, and the kit is prepared according to the survival rate. The method and the kit can be applied in aspects of medicinal screening, pesticide screening, environmental evaluation, water quality evaluation which take the survival rate of the nematode as indexes. The method and the kit are quick, simple and easy in operation, low in requirement on equipment and low in cost, and have a high application value.

The invention provides a fishery water environmental pollution level evaluation method based on an improved support vector machine, and belongs to the technical field of environmental evaluation. The method comprises the steps that firstly the relevant factors influencing the quality of the fishery environment in the marine engineering are analyzed; then evaluation indicators are constructed according to the relevant factors, and tags are added for indicator sample data; and then the evaluation indicators are combined with a support vector machine model, the support vector machine model is optimized by combining the method of grid searching and cross validation, and the complex nonlinear relation between the evaluation indicators and the fishery environmental quality level is established so that the evaluation result is enabled to be more scientific and reasonable and meet the objective fact, and the great environmental quality level evaluation can also be obtained under the situation of limited samples.

The present invention provides a noise map drawing method applied to urban planning and construction project environmental impact assessment. The method comprises the steps of: S1, establishing a noise automatic monitoring network to perform automatic monitoring of noise, wherein the noise automatic monitoring network performs statistics automatic monitoring statistic data of the noise once at intervals; S2, comparing the current automatic monitoring statistic data with a background noise map, if the different therebetween does not exceed a threshold value, finishing the steps, or else, entering the next step; and S3, updating and drawing a noise map according to the current automatic monitoring statistic data, and applying the noise map to the urban planning and construction project environmental impact assessment. The noise map drawing method can update the noise map in short time to combine the noise automatic monitoring and the noise map technology to meet the noise environmental evaluation requirement of urban planning and projection construction in the period of rapid development in our country.

The invention discloses an ecological environment evaluation method based on a DPSIR model. The method comprises the following steps: (1) building an ecological environment evaluation index system based on the DPSIR model through combining with the basic conditions of a water source region and fully considering the geographic space information; (2) calculating each index in the ecological environment evaluation index system, and standardizing the ecological environment evaluation indexes with different dimensions; (3) in combination with GIS and RS technologies, performing spatialization processing on each standardized ecological environment evaluation index by taking villages and towns as units; (4) determining an ecological environment evaluation index weight value based on an analytic hierarchy process; and (5) calculating scores of each layer of the DPSIR according to the weight values, wherein the scores comprise driving force, pressure, state, influence, response and final ecological environment comprehensive evaluation indexes. The method has the advantages of process and spatialization, the ecological environment indexes can be displayed in the form of a map, and visualization of the ecological environment indexes and intuitive evaluation of the ecological environment on the geographic position are realized.

The invention relates to a river longitudinal connectivity evaluation method, which belongs to the technical field of environmental evaluation, and comprises the following steps of step 1, searching river barriers in a research area, and recording the number, height, length, water storage capacity and geographic position of the river barriers in the research area; 2, evaluating each river barrierindependently, wherein the evaluation indexes comprise the current situation of fish resources, the fish passing rate, the passing difficulty, the number of habitats and the quality of the habitats and are recorded; 3, on the basis of the evaluation results of the river obstructions obtained in the step 2, giving weights according to the positions of the river obstructions away from the estuary, and carrying out weighted average on the evaluation results to obtain the river longitudinal connectivity in the research area. According to the method, the calculation and the correction of the longitudinal connectivity of the river are completed by increasing the diversity index and the fish passing rate of the current situation of fish resources and taking the difficulty, the number of habitatsand the quality of the habitats as references.

The invention discloses a soil sampling detection device for environmental evaluation and a use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of soil detection. The device comprises an adjusting mechanism, a driving assembly and a sampling mechanism, the driving assembly penetrates through the adjusting mechanism and is in sliding fit with the adjusting mechanism. The sampling mechanism is located at the bottom of the driving assembly and is coaxial with the driving assembly; and the sampling mechanism is clamped and matched with the driving assembly. Through the design of the adjusting mechanism, the driving assembly and the sampling mechanism, when the sampling mechanism is rotated to a soil layer with a certain depth, two arc-shaped push plates are driven to move upwards under the cooperative use of a two-way threaded rod, a first push rod and a second push rod, and then a protective sleeve is driven to move upwards by a certain distance; and the soil in the soil layer is collected by utilizing the soil collecting knife, so that the soil in other soil layers is effectively prevented from being mixed in the whole sampling process, and the accuracy of a detection result is greatly improved.

The invention provides a fuel environmental evaluation system for evaluating a fuel environment characteristic in an energy distribution process comprising a means for inputting an amount of raw material supplied to equipment for each process of energy distribution, an amount of product produced from each equipment for each process, and a type and an amount of utility supplied to the equipment for each process when producing the product; a storage means for storing input data; a storage means for storing a basic unit for an amount of environmentally affecting matter emission per unit amount of an environmental emission matter in the raw material, utility and product; an environmental emission calculation section for calculating an amount of environmentally affecting matter emission from data of amounts of the raw material, utility and product, and the basic unit for the amount of environmentally affecting matter emission; and a means for storing a calculation result from the environmental emission calculation section.

The invention relates to an ontology-based method for disassembling and recovering a computer. In the method, an assembling and recovering anticipation model, a disassembling and recovering model based on case-based reasoning, an ontological semantics processing module, an aid decision making module and a compound decision module are used, wherein the ontological semantics processing module is the core in the whole method and formed by combining a computer information acquisition module, an ontology model for disassembling and recovering the computer, an ontology instance generating module and an ontology-based intelligent deduction decision making module; and the aid decision making module comprises a recovering technicality evaluation module, a recovering economy evaluation module and an environmental evaluation module. The method has the advantages that an ontology technology is applied to the field of computer disassembling and recovering, thus being beneficial to semantic representation of an ontology, support of heterogeneous data integration, reasoning and other characteristics; and the initial anticipation, the case-based reasoning technology and the decision making modules are combined, thus an intelligent processing method is provided for disassembling and recovering the computer.

The invention discloses a river water sampling detection device for environmental evaluation and a use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of river water sampling detection devices. The device comprises a floating platform supporting assembly, a first connecting rope and a sampling assembly, the sampling assembly comprises a sampling barrel, a sealing cover, a curved surface moving part and an air bag part; the sealing cover is in threaded running fit with the sampling barrel; the curved-surface moving part is in sliding fit with the sampling barrel; the inner wall of the sampling barrel is in sliding fit with a limiting assembly. According to the invention, the driving motor is started to drive the plurality of sampling assemblies to do lifting motion, and the length of the first connecting rope between the adjacent sampling barrels is controlled, so that sampling collection at different specified depths in a sampling area is realized; the air blower is started to introduce air into each group of air bag components, the curved surface sealing plate is driven to move, the water inlet groove is opened, river water with different depths enters the corresponding sampling barrels, the air in the air bag components is exhausted, and the curved surface sealing plate seals and blocks the water inlet groove.

The invention provides a processing method and a processing device for efficacy of combined medicine. The processing method comprises: obtaining a dose-effect curved band of expected additive effect of combined medicine; obtaining an actual dose-effect relationship curve formed by variation of actual effect value of the combined medicine with variation of dosage of a certain target component medicine in the combined medicine; comparing position relationships of the actual dose-effect relationship curve and the dose-effect curved band, and when the actual dose-effect relationship curve is above the dose-effect curved band, efficacy output of the combined medicine being synergy; when the actual dose-effect relationship curve is below the dose-effect curved band, efficacy output of the combined medicine being antagonism; and when the actual dose-effect relationship curve is in the dose-effect curved band range, the efficacy output of the combined medicine being addition. The processing method solves a problem in the prior art that efficacy cannot be accurately detected when multiple medicines are used in a combined manner. The method can be widely applied in research and development of compound medicines, toxicologic study, efficacy and safety evaluation of the combined medicine, and environmental evaluation.

The invention discloses a usagedata and equipment remote monitoring system based on anenvironment-friendly public toilet, and relates to the technical field ofenvironment-friendlypublic toilets. Theusagedata and equipment remote monitoring system includes a background cloud monitoring system and theenvironment-friendly public toilet. The environment-friendly public toilet includes a data collection control cabinet, a public toilet insulation system, a ventilation and air change system, a voice broadcast system, an automatic positioning system, an emergency help button and a public toilet environmental evaluation system. The public toilet is equipped with the public toilet environmental evaluation system, a user can conveniently evaluate and suggest the public toilet after using the toilet, meanwhile, a staff analyzes and researches the message suggestion of the user, and the beneficial suggestion can be adopted and implemented. Thebackground cloud monitoring system can receive and analyze datainformation transmitted by each public toiletin a comparing mode, the data information of each public toilet can be understood conveniently, the intelligence of the public toilet isimproved. By adoptingmodes of cloud monitoring, remote fault diagnosis and remote management,the small public toilet is enabled to have great wisdom and isconvenient to manage.

The invention discloses a specific biological population elevation acquisition method based on a digital elevation model (DEM), which is used for solving the problem of low precision of biological population elevation data in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: after determining a to-be-monitored population and area, constructing a geographic coordinate system and a projectioncoordinate system, dividing vector grids, selecting a to-be-monitored grid meeting a preset condition, laying survey points by taking any one side frame line of the to-be-monitored grid as a startingpoint, and extracting GE elevation data sets corresponding to the survey points from GE; calling an NFGIS database, and collecting a DEM elevation data set; and constructing an elevation regression model according to the GE and DEM elevation data set, and obtaining a DEM correction elevation value. Real-time biological elevation data is collected based on DEM, the DEM data is corrected through GE, elevation distribution changes of specific biological populations are accurately monitored, and an accurate and reliable data source is provided for disease and pest control, environmental evaluation and environmental protection strategy making of the ecological environment.

The invention discloses a method for estimating the carbon sequestration capacity of a sea grass bed of a marine ecosystem, belongs to the technical field of environmental evaluation, and particularly relates to a method for estimating the carbon sequestration capacity of sea grass in a marine ecosystem. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting a sampling party; (2) providing and arranging sampling party space isolation devices; (3) determining a sampling method; and (4) estimating the carbon sequestration capability. The method for estimating the carbon sequestration capacity of a sea grass bed of a marine ecosystem has the beneficial effects that the blank of a method for investigating the carbon sequestration capacity of a sea grass bed is filled; and the carbon sequestration capability of one region can be obtained in one summer.

The invention provides a soil erosion evaluation system, which mainly comprises a soil erosion single factor analysis module and a soil erosion comprehensive analysis module, and is characterized in that the soil erosion single factor analysis module is used for analyzing a corresponding relationship between each erosion factor and a soil erosion condition; wherein the erosion factors mainly comprise a rainfall erosion force factor, a soil erodibility factor, a terrain factor, a vegetation coverage factor and a water and soil conservation measure factor; and the soil erosion comprehensive analysis module is used for analyzing the weight of each erosion factor and the spatial and temporal distribution of erosion force. According to the method, the soil erosion is evaluated from the multi-dimensional perspective of arbitrary combination of multiple elements influencing the soil erosion, the method can better serve soil erosion mechanism research, and a reference can also be provided forregional resource environment evaluation.

The invention discloses a portable indoor environmental pollution detection system. A data acquisition terminal comprises a wall climbing robot module used for carrying a corresponding sensor to carryout acquisition of environmental parameter data in a to-be-detected area according to a control command sent by a monitoring terminal; the monitoring terminal, which adopts a mobile phone APP, and isloaded with a wall climbing robot inspection route output module for outputting a wall climbing robot inspection route map according to an indoor layout map acquired by the wall climbing robot module; a wall climbing robot working mode planning module for realizing the planning of working modes of a wall climbing robot at various positions according to a received detection requirement; a sensor opening and closing module used for realizing the output of an opening and closing command of the corresponding sensor according to a received acquisition requirement; and an environmental evaluation module used for outputting a corresponding evaluation result and a management decision through an environmental evaluation model established in the environmental evaluation module. According to the portable indoor environmental pollution detection system provided by the invention, the dynamic acquisition and evaluation of indoor environment parameters are realized, the monitoring is convenient, andthe accuracy is high.

The invention provides an area environmental protection monitoring method for a power supply system, and particularly relates to a comprehensive environmental evaluation and pollution monitoring method of a power supply system. The method comprises the steps that real-time data collecting is conducted on the power supply system, collected parameter data are transmitted to a central controller which can process the uploaded data, the total factory comprehensive environmental evaluation index D of the power supply system is calculated, a supervision controller receives collected tail gas parameter data and the comprehensive environmental evaluation index D data calculated by the central controller, wherein a remote monitoring center of an environmental protection supervision department can set the monitoring parameter standard to a tail gas monitoring system according to national or local laws and rules, and supervise whether the parameters reach the standard or not; a power supply system remote monitoring center can monitor the total factory comprehensive environmental evaluation index of a power plant, and judge whether the comprehensive environmental evaluation index of the power supply system reaches the standard or not.

The invention relates to a territorial space planning environment influence monitoring method and device, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining an environment evaluation index, and the index sensitivity, potential influence, index influence matrix, region type, region influence matrix and subjective weight of the environment evaluation index, and determining a region sensitivity matrix of the environment evaluation index according to the index sensitivity; then, determining quantitative influence parameters of the environment evaluation indexes according to the potential influence and the region sensitivity matrix, and determining qualitative influence parameters of the environment evaluation indexes according to the region sensitivity matrix, the index influence matrix, the region type and the region influence matrix; and finally, according to the subjective weight, the quantitative influence parameter and the qualitative influence parameter, determining a comprehensive environmental influence index for monitoring the environmental influence of territorial space planning. On the basis, the adverse effects of different areas of the territorial space on the sensitivity degree difference of different index changes due to characteristics such as social economy and geographical conditions are reduced, and the environmental influence of territorial space planning is accurately monitored through the comprehensive environmental influence index.

The invention discloses a method for estimating the concentration of soluble inorganic carbon in a water body, which relates to a method for estimating the concentration of the soluble inorganic carbon in the water body, and aims to solve the technical problems of high precision of a test instrument, expensive materials and complex pretreatment process of a water sample in the conventional methodfor measuring the concentration of the soluble inorganic carbon (DIC) in the water body. The method comprises the following steps of collecting a water sample at a sampling point of a water body, placing the water sample in a vehicle-mounted refrigerator, transporting the water sample to a laboratory, refrigerating and storing in a dark place, and measuring the total alkalinity of the water body by utilizing a neutralization titration method within 24 hours after transporting to the laboratory, substituting the alkalinity of the water body into a formula DIC=0.2*Alk+2.6, and estimating the concentration of the soluble inorganic carbon in the water body. The method is simple, the ratio of the calculated DIC value to the actually measured DIC value is 0.98, and the correlation precision is good. The method can be used in water quality monitoring and environmental evaluation fields.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment evaluation, and discloses a comprehensive index evaluation method and system for indoor and outdoor air environment quality of a green building group. The comprehensive index evaluation system for the indoor and outdoor wind environment quality of the green building group comprises an environment partitioning module, a temperature monitoring module, a central control module, a wind speed monitoring module, a circulation rate monitoring module, an evaluation factor determination module, an environment monitoring module, an evaluation model construction module, a model training module and a comprehensive evaluation module. According to the invention, the environment quality evaluation model is constructed by determining the environment evaluation factors, and the constructed model is trained to obtain the optimized environment quality evaluation model, so that the evaluation efficiency of the environment quality is higher, and the evaluation is more accurate. According to the environment quality evaluation method, the indoor environment and the outdoor environment can be reasonably divided, the indoor environment and the outdoor environment can be evaluated respectively, and the accuracy of the evaluation result can be improved.

The invention relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping, in particular to an unmanned aerial vehicle for surveying and mapping. The problems of using limitation, function simplicity and the like in the prior art are solved. The unmanned aerial vehicle for surveying and mapping is invented for meeting the requirements for disaster evaluation, emergency monitoring, geographical mapping, environmental evaluation and the like. The unmanned aerial vehicle for surveying and mapping has the multiple functions of surveying, mapping, communication, rescuing, data forwarding, power generating and the like, and the functions are complete; measurement of multiple data can be achieved at the same time; a solar power generating device is arranged, the overall working time of the unmanned aerial vehicle is prolonged, and the energy-saving environment-friendly effect is achieved. The unmanned aerial vehicle has the characteristics of being portable, easy to maintain and use, low in cost, reusable and the like, has wide market demand and is easy to apply and popularize.