The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer composite materials and particularly relates to a novel heat conduction nylon composite material and a preparation method thereof. The heat conduction nylon composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-40% of PA6 resin, 15-40% of heat conduction filler, 10-20% of reinforcing filler, 20-40% of a halogen-free flame retardant, 1-3% of flexibilizer, 0.1-0.5% of a coupling agent, 0.4-1.0% of a surface modifier, 0.4-1.0% of a lubricant, 0.1-0.5% of an antioxidant and 0.1-5% of toner, based on 100% in total. Through a hot and cold impact test for over 1000 hours at (-)40 DEG C-120 DEG C, the color of the heat conduction material disclosed by the invention can be regulated to be black, white, self-colored, grey, red, green, and the like without causing incomplete curing of addition type heat conduction silica gel, and thus, the novel heat conduction nylon composite material is halogen-free, flame retardant, and relatively low in carbon footprint.