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91results about "Temperature compensation modification" patented technology

Relay fault detection circuit, method and system applied to energy storage system

The invention discloses a relay fault detection circuit, method and system applied to an energy storage system, and relates to the technical field of electrical control, and the method comprises the following steps: resistance dynamic compensation, coil fault analysis, contact fault analysis, mechanical performance analysis and comprehensive fault risk assessment. The comprehensive performance of the relay is analyzed through a comprehensive evaluation algorithm in combination with a coil aging coefficient, a contact health index H and a mechanical degradation index, a comprehensive fault index is obtained, the overall performance condition of the relay is judged according to the comprehensive fault index, and corresponding measures are taken. According to the method, the temperature fluctuation interference is eliminated, the accuracy of contact resistance detection is improved, the mechanical fault of the relay can be found in time through coil aging analysis, contact health evaluation and mechanical performance evaluation algorithms in combination with compensated data, multi-dimensional fault detection is realized, misjudgment and missed judgment are effectively reduced, and the fault judgment accuracy of the relay is remarkably improved.
Owner:深圳市佳裕电子有限公司

Flexible and scalable thermal test vehicle design for electronics cooling solutions

PCT designated stageWO2026084737A1Analog circuit testingDigital circuit testingTransistor arrayNetwork processing unit
The density and power consumption of modern integrated circuits, such as Graphic Processing Units (GPUs), Central Processing Units (CPUs), and Network Processing Units (NPUs) is growing rapidly, which necessitates designing advanced cooling systems. Existing solutions for characterizing and validating these cooling system are inadequate. A flexible, scalable Thermal Test Vehicle (TTV) is disclosed which is based on an array of power transistors, measurement / control circuitry, and onboard computer. The TTV is configured for characterizing the performance of electronic cooling solutions under a variety of operating conditions.
Owner:RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA +1

Pogo pin cooling system and electronic device testing apparatus having the system

The present invention relates to a pogo pin cooling system and a pogo pin cooling method and an electronic device testing apparatus having the system. The system uses a cooling fluid supply module for the cooling of the pogo pin, and the cooling fluid may be either a coolant or a cooling gas. When an electronic device is accommodated in the chip socket, the cooling fluid supply module supplies a cooling fluid into the chip socket through the cooling fluid supply channel and the inlet, and the cooling fluid passes through the pogo pins and then flows into the cooling fluid discharge channel through the outlet. In the present invention, the cooling fluid is mainly used to cool not only the pogo pins in the chip socket but also the bottom surface of the electronic device and the solder ball contacts on the bottom surface.
Owner:CHROMA ATE INC

Picoampere-level current measuring device with leakage estimation and digital compensation and picoampere-level current measuring method

The invention provides a picoampere-level current measuring device and method with leakage estimation and digital compensation, and the device comprises an electrometer-level operational amplifier and a transimpedance feedback network which are used for converting a measured current into a voltage signal; in combination with a retaining ring conductor driven by a retaining ring buffer and an inner and outer double-layer metal shielding structure, high-resistance node leakage and external interference are remarkably reduced. The digital controller injects 5mV-50mV micro excitation into the retaining ring in a non-sampling window and detects output response so as to estimate input equivalent leakage conductance and perform online compensation; and meanwhile, environment self-adaptive correction is carried out according to a temperature and humidity-leakage admittance model. The system adopts a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter, two-stage zero-drift amplification and multi-point linearity calibration can be switched, picoampere-level current measurement with high precision, low noise and wide dynamic range is realized, and the system is suitable for the fields of high-insulation detection, light current measurement, electrochemical micro-current analysis and the like.
Owner:SHENZHEN FENGTIAN IND CO LTD

Temperature control assembly for probe card and probe card

The invention provides a temperature control assembly for a probe card and the probe card, and relates to the field of wafer testing. The temperature control assembly for the probe card comprises a cover plate; the heating assembly is arranged on the side, away from the probe card, of the cover plate, and the heating assembly is electrically connected with the testing machine table; the heating buffer assembly is arranged on one side, close to the probe card, of the cover plate; the heat preservation assembly is arranged on the side, close to the probe card, of the cover plate, and the heat preservation assembly is an assembly with a closed pattern and is distributed on the outer side of the probe card; wherein the cover plate, the heat preservation assembly and the probe card form a heat receiving space, and the orthographic projection of the heating assembly on the cover plate is within the orthographic projection of the heating buffer assembly and the heat preservation assembly on the cover plate. According to the embodiment of the invention, the probe mark offset caused by temperature difference generated by heating of the probe card in the test process can be avoided, so that the test efficiency can be improved.
Owner:RUILI INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CO LTD

Current transformer with temperature compensation function

The invention relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to a current transformer with a temperature compensation function. The current transformer comprises a magnetic circuit structure used for sensing a primary side current and outputting a secondary side current signal; the signal processing unit is integrated in the current transformer and is used for executing the current measurement process; wherein the current measurement process comprises the following steps: injecting a test signal into the magnetic circuit structure; wherein the frequency of the test signal is higher than the power frequency and is not integer multiples of the power frequency; measuring amplitude response and phase response of the magnetic circuit structure to the test signal; calculating magnetic conductivity response data under the test signal based on the amplitude response and the phase response; according to the magnetic conductivity response data and a preset magnetic conductivity-temperature mapping relation, determining a temperature variation; generating a current compensation coefficient based on the temperature variation; and correcting the original current signal by using the current compensation coefficient to obtain a compensated current signal. According to the invention, the measurement reliability of the mutual inductor under various temperature conditions is improved.
Owner:ELECTRICAL INSTR ENG TECH RES CENT CO LTD HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

Bus capacitor life estimation method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment

The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a bus capacitor life estimation method and device, a storage medium and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the operation characteristic parameters and instantaneous environment temperature of a system where a bus capacitor is located in real time according to a sampling period; judging a working condition category corresponding to the current sampling period according to the operation characteristic parameters, and obtaining a unit damage life and a correction coefficient corresponding to the working condition category; calculating to obtain the damage life increment of the current sampling period, wherein the calculation formula is shown in the specification; accumulating the damage increments of all the sampling periods to obtain a total accumulated damage life; and subtracting the total accumulated damage life from the rated life of the bus capacitor to obtain the residual life of the bus capacitor. On the premise that additional hardware sampling equipment is not added, high-precision and high-efficiency bus capacitor online service life estimation can be completed, and meanwhile the good working condition self-adaptive capacity is achieved.
Owner:CHENZHI AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD CHONGQING INNOVATION RESEARCH BRANCH +1

Ultra-large current source nonlinear fitting and multi-section temperature compensation method and device and medium

The invention relates to an ultra-large current source nonlinear fitting and multi-section temperature compensation method and device and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: dividing a total range of a current source into a large section of independent range and a small section of independent range according to a preset threshold value, configuring an independent sampling circuit with adaptive parameters, and shielding a small-range sampling circuit during wide-range work to eliminate interference; respectively executing multi-section linear calibration for the two sections of measuring ranges to generate exclusive calibration parameters; on the basis of negative correlation characteristics of temperature and current output, temperature compensation functions of all measuring ranges are fit, and targeted temperature drift compensation is achieved; finally, a final set value is calculated based on the calibrated intermediate set value and the temperature drift compensation amount, the current source is driven to output accurately, the full-scale output precision and stability of the ultra-large current source are effectively improved, and the requirements of high-precision testing and driving scenes are met.
Owner:SHENZHEN INTELLIWORK TECH CO LTD

Resistor and method for manufacturing a resistor

The present invention provides resistors having various arrangements of conductive parts and resistive elements, current sensing resistors, battery shunt resistors, and shunt resistors. [Solution] The resistor 610 has one or more resistive elements 611 and a plurality of conductive parts 612, 614. Openings or slots 672, 676 are formed within the resistive elements in a configuration that allows adjustment of the resistor's TCR (temperature coefficient of resistance). The shape, number, and orientation of the openings or slots are variable. In one embodiment, a header member is provided to fix or hold pins to the resistor.
Owner:VISHAY DALE ELECTRONICS INC

Impedance separation detection circuit and detection method of double alternating current bridge

The application provides a double alternating current bridge impedance separation detection circuit and a detection method. One end of a first connecting terminal of a first alternating current bridge is connected with one end of a voltage source and one end of a first connecting terminal of a second alternating current bridge; one end of a second connecting terminal of the first alternating current bridge is connected with one end of a first balance resistor R s1 ; one end of a third connecting terminal of the first alternating current bridge is connected with one end of a second balance resistor R s2 ; the other end of the first balance resistor R s1 is connected with the other end of the second balance resistor R s2 , the other end of the voltage source, one end of a third balance resistor R s3 and one end of a fourth balance resistor R s4 ; the other end of a second connecting terminal of the second alternating current bridge is connected with the other end of the third balance resistor R s3 ; and the other end of a third connecting terminal of the second alternating current bridge is connected with the other end of the fourth balance resistor R s4 . The application can accurately separate the impedance and inductance change amount of a large-range eddy current displacement sensor in a detection process, and more accurately measure the displacement size between an eddy current probe and a target.
Owner:SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIV

Peak current sampling circuit, switching power supply controller and switching power supply

Disclosed in the present invention are a peak current sampling circuit, a switching power supply controller and a switching power supply. The switching power supply uses a power switch transistor to control transfer of electric energy from an input end to an output end, so as to generate an output voltage on the basis of an input voltage. The peak current sampling circuit comprises: a voltage sampling module, an input end of the voltage sampling module being connected to a drain electrode of the power switch transistor, and the voltage sampling module being used for sampling a drain-source voltage difference of the power switch transistor synchronously with turn-on and turn-off actions of the power switch transistor, so as to obtain a first sampled signal having a positive temperature coefficient; and a temperature compensation module, which is used for performing temperature compensation on the first sampled signal, so as to obtain a second sampled signal having a zero temperature coefficient, the second sampled signal carrying peak current information of the switching power supply. The present application can achieve peak current sampling without providing a sampling resistor in a switching power supply, thus reducing power consumption and costs of the circuit and further ensuring that the sampling accuracy of the circuit is not affected.
Owner:HANGZHOU SILAN MICROELECTRONICS CO LTD

Resistor and method for manufacturing a resistor

To provide a method of easily, accurately and efficiently adjusting a temperature coefficient of resistance of a current sense resistor and a shunt resistor, and the resistors.SOLUTION: A resistor 10 has one or more resistive elements 11, 13 and a plurality of conductive portions 12, 14, 16. Openings or slots 72 allowing adjustment of temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) values of the resistor are formed adjacently to a second side, namely an inner side 20, of the first conductive portion 12. The shape, quantity and orientation of the openings or slots can vary. In one aspect, header members 80a, 80b are provided for securing or holding pins 84 relative to the resistor.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Owner:VISHAY DALE ELECTRONICS INC

Radio frequency power detector with offset and temperature compensation

The invention relates to a radio frequency power detector with offset and temperature compensation. Wireless circuitry may include a transmit line carrying a signal and a power detector measuring the signal. The detector may include a rectifier coupled to the comparator through a differential path. An offset calibration digital-to-analog converter (OSDAC), a reference generator, and a multiplexer may be disposed on a negative line of the differential path. The OSDAC may generate an offset compensation voltage by superimposing different offset voltages over time to a voltage on the second line. The reference generator may generate a set of threshold voltages by superimposing different reference voltages to the offset compensation voltage. A temperature sensor may adjust the reference voltages used to generate the threshold voltages based on a temperature of the power detector. The multiplexer may route different threshold voltages to the negative input of the comparator.
Owner:APPLE INC

Low-power instrument transformer having temperature compensation function

The objective of the present invention is to provide a low-power instrument transformer having a temperature compensation function, in which a circuit whose output is adjusted according to a temperature is added to the inside of a signal converter without additionally implementing the temperature compensation function in a merge unit. The low-power instrument transformer having a temperature compensation function, according to one embodiment of the present invention, may comprise: a detection unit for detecting a voltage of an object to be measured; and a temperature compensation unit for compensating for a change, according to temperature, in voltage information measured by the detection unit, and outputting same to the merge unit.
Owner:HD HYUNDAI ELECTRIC CO LTD

Modular intelligent current probe structure with temperature compensation function and application thereof

The invention relates to the technical field of current sensing and testing, in particular to a modular intelligent current probe structure with a temperature compensation function and application thereof, the modular intelligent current probe structure comprises a base, a plurality of current sensing mechanisms are arranged on the top surface of the base, and each current sensing mechanism comprises a probe seat, a main body probe and a sampling probe which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside. According to the modularized intelligent current probe structure with the temperature compensation function and the application thereof, when refrigerant fluid directly and actively dissipates heat for a main body probe and a sampling probe, hydraulic force drives a piston to press downwards, and the hydraulic force is transmitted to a third spring through an outward extending sliding block and a movable ring, so that elastic potential energy of the third spring is converted into additional contact pressure for a movable bottom probe, and the temperature compensation function is realized. And the contact resistance between the movable bottom needle and the test point is reduced by enhancing the contact pressure, the temperature drift is counteracted on a mechanical and electrical coupling layer, and the accuracy and long-term stability of signal acquisition of the current sensing mechanism in a high-temperature environment are ensured through two compensation modes.
Owner:东莞市旭锐精密科技有限公司

Dormitory electricity utilization safety monitoring method and device

The invention discloses a dormitory electricity utilization safety monitoring method and device. A mains supply is connected with a circuit board in a box body through a dormitory circuit wire; when an electric appliance is used in a dormitory, changing current generated in a dormitory circuit wire can be sensed by the current sensor, and the current sensor converts a current signal into a weak voltage signal in direct proportion to the current; the magnetic shielding cover can quickly absorb stray electromagnetic interference generated by starting and stopping of an electric appliance; the temperature compensation circuit dynamically corrects the measurement deviation of the current sensor caused by temperature drift, and counteracts the influence of parameter fluctuation; collected weak voltage signals are transmitted to the signal conditioning circuit and sent to the controller after being processed, and the controller outputs control signals and sends information to a mobile phone APP or a background system of a dormitory administrator. According to the invention, automatic and uninterrupted circuit monitoring is realized, interference caused by a complex electromagnetic environment and temperature change of a dormitory can be effectively suppressed, and the monitoring reliability is improved.
Owner:ZHEJIANG UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Square resistance measuring system, method and device and storage medium

The invention relates to a square resistance measuring system, method and device and a storage medium. The square resistance measuring system comprises a measuring device, a control device and an input and output device. The measuring device comprises a measuring platform, a sample bearing table movably arranged on the measuring platform, a distance measuring and positioning mechanism movably arranged on the measuring platform and located above the sample bearing table, and a probe assembly arranged on the distance measuring and positioning mechanism. The control device comprises a main control unit and a power supply device connected with the main control unit; the main control unit and the power supply device are connected with the sample bearing table, the distance measuring and positioning mechanism and the probe assembly; the input and output device comprises a display output device connected with the main control unit and is used for outputting and displaying visual sheet resistance measurement data. The square resistance measurement scheme provided by the invention is high in integration degree, good in measurement precision and strong in adaptability, and has good temperature control capability and an intelligent data processing function.
Owner:PRESYS (SUZHOU) INTELLIGENT TECH CO LTD

Conductivity measuring device suitable for operation at high temperatures.

Conductivity Measurement Device Suitable for High-Temperature Operation. The invention relates to a conductivity measurement device 100 suitable for measuring conductivity at a temperature of 1500°C or higher, the device comprising: - a refractory and electrically insulating substrate 120; - four conductive tracks 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d arranged on the same surface of the substrate, each track extending in the same direction and each separated from neighboring tracks by a non-conductive portion of the substrate, each track comprising tantalum nitride or doped tantalum nitride; - a measuring element 130, the measuring element being electrically connected to each of the tracks of the measuring device. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1.
Owner:SAFRAN SA +3

Liquid detection circuit, detector and detection method

The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid detection, and discloses a liquid detection circuit, a detection meter and a detection method.The detection circuit comprises a detection electrode P1, an oscillation unit and a control unit; the oscillation unit comprises an analog switch U1, and the analog switch U1 is connected with the detection electrode P1 and can be switched into a first oscillation mode or a second oscillation mode; the control unit comprises a main control chip U1, and the main control chip U1 is connected with the oscillation unit and used for generating a control signal to switch the oscillation mode of the oscillation unit and calculating the conductivity of the liquid to be measured according to the first oscillation frequency and the second oscillation frequency obtained through measurement. Through a reference-measurement dual-mode frequency measurement and difference calculation method, the influence of factors such as distributed capacitance and electrode contact difference on a measurement result is fundamentally eliminated, meanwhile, measurement failure caused by signal saturation in a high-concentration solution is avoided, and the measurement consistency can be kept in a wide concentration range of 0-164000 PPM.
Owner:SHANGQIU FANGCUN ELECTRONIC TECH CO LTD

Transistor driving a load, and corresponding circuit arrangement for sensing

A pre-driving stage drives one or more Field Effect Transistors in a power stage driving a load. A method for measuring current flowing in the Field Effect Transistors includes: measuring drain to source voltages of the one or more Field Effect Transistor; and measuring an operating temperature of the one or more Field Effect Transistor. The current flowing in the Field Effect Transistors is measured by: calculating the respective on drain to source resistance at the operating temperature as a function of the measured operating temperature and obtaining the current value as a ratio of the respective measured drain to source voltage over the calculated drain to source resistance at the operating temperature.
Owner:STMICROELECTRONICS SRL

A method and device for online evaluation and detection of power supply dynamic efficiency

The present application relates to power supply dynamic efficiency detection technical field, and disclose a kind of power supply dynamic efficiency online evaluation detection method, comprising the following steps, shunt resistance and binding post key position in resistance load instrument are deployed acquisition module, temperature is collected in real time, resistance change caused by temperature is converted into electric signal, in the present application, the scheme is deployed thin film platinum resistance acquisition module in resistance load instrument shunt resistance and binding post key position, four-wire connection method is used to eliminate lead resistance influence, establish the relationship model of shunt resistance and binding post temperature and resistance, the resistance change amount is calculated in combination with Kalman filter and adaptive weighted average algorithm, the measurement signal is corrected in real time by compensation module consisting of programmable gain amplifier and digital potentiometer, the measurement error caused by shunt resistance and binding post temperature change can be reduced by more than 90%, the measurement accuracy of electronic load instrument is improved to ±0.1% or less, ensure that power supply dynamic efficiency evaluation detection result is accurate and reliable.
Owner:TAIYUAN YONGMING HENGDONGYUAN ELECTRONICS CO LTD +1

Calibration arrangement and corresponding calibration method, and calibration apparatus

The present invention develops a calibration arrangement and a corresponding calibration method for calibrating a chuck, and a calibration apparatus. The calibration apparatus is equipped with a calibration card (6) attachable in or on an insertion opening (E) of a wafer prober (1), a corresponding substantially closed space being formed when the calibration card (6) is attached; a calibration temperature probe (60, 61) which is attached to the calibration card (6), a chuck (3) for clamping the wafer (4), which chuck can be brought to an enterable intended temperature by a temperature controller (300) and is displaceable in lateral directions (x, y) and in the height direction (z) by means of a position controller (350), being able to home in on the calibration temperature probe by means of the position controller (350) such that the calibration temperature probe (60, 61) can measure a respective current temperature at different positions on the surface (O) of the chuck (3) or on the surface (O') of a wafer (4) clamped thereon; and an evaluation device (600) which is connectable to the calibration temperature probe (60, 61), the temperature controller (300) and the position controller (350) and which is configured to calibrate the temperature output values of the one or more temperature probes (S1-S9) on the basis of the current temperatures at the different positions as measured by the calibration temperature probe (60, 61).
Owner:ERS ELECTRONICS

Intelligent electric meter error compensation method and device based on dual-temperature cooperative sensing

The invention relates to the technical field of electrical engineering, in particular to an intelligent electric meter error compensation method and equipment based on dual-temperature collaborative perception. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a resistance side data set according to a resistance side temperature, a resistance value and an external environment temperature, and further constructing a resistance characteristic model; constructing a chip side data set according to the chip side temperature, the chip reference voltage and the external environment temperature, and further constructing a chip characteristic model; inputting the external environment temperature real-time data and the resistor side temperature real-time data into the optimized resistance characteristic model to obtain an equivalent resistance value; inputting the real-time data of the external environment temperature and the real-time data of the chip side temperature into the optimized chip characteristic model to obtain a real-time reference voltage; and calculating a compensation coefficient according to the equivalent resistance value and the reference voltage, and compensating the metering error of the intelligent electric meter through the compensation coefficient. In this way, the influence of external temperature changes on the collecting and metering process can be reduced, and therefore the accuracy and reliability of data collection are improved.
Owner:HANGZHOU XILI INTELLIGENT TECH CO LTD

Discharge detection method and system for high-low voltage power distribution cabinet

The application belongs to the technical field of discharge detection, and particularly relates to a discharge detection method and system for a high-low voltage power distribution cabinet, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a measurement vector generated by a discharge source and a real-time temperature reading, and loading a preset reference sensing matrix; constructing a dynamic environment correction coefficient; adjusting the reference sensing matrix based on the dynamic environment correction coefficient to generate a dynamic sensing matrix matched with a current thermal field environment; and determining the position of the discharge source through a sparse reconstruction algorithm based on the dynamic sensing matrix and the measurement vector, so as to realize discharge detection of the high-low voltage power distribution cabinet. Through construction of an environment-adaptive dynamic sensing matrix, the application can dynamically compensate for model mismatch caused by temperature change, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of discharge fault positioning under complex working conditions.
Owner:SHANXI LONGFU ELECTRIC TECH CO LTD

Temperature compensation circuit

The utility model relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a temperature compensation circuit which comprises a thermistor NTC, a resistor R7 and a first resistor module, one end of the thermistor NTC is used for being connected with an input end IN +, the other end of the thermistor NTC is connected to the first resistor module, the other end of the first resistor module is connected to an output end OUT, and the resistor R7 is connected to the output end OUT. And one end of the resistor R7 is connected to the input end IN +, and the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to the output end OUT. The method has the effect of improving the detection accuracy of the Hall sensor.
Owner:BEIJING SENSHE ELECTRONICS CO LTD

Three-phase phase determination method and device based on quantum measurement technology

The invention discloses a three-phase phase judgment method and device based on a quantum measurement technology. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a real-time quantum signal corresponding to the current of a target charging pile; calculating a first phase angle, a second phase angle and a third phase angle of the current based on the real-time quantum signal; based on the first phase angle, the second phase angle and the third phase angle, a first quantum state correlation degree and a second quantum state correlation degree of the current are calculated, the first quantum state correlation degree is the quantum state correlation degree of the first phase and the second phase, and the second quantum state correlation degree is the quantum state correlation degree of the second phase and the third phase; and determining a phase determination result of the current based on the first quantum state correlation degree and the second quantum state correlation degree. The technical problems that in a complex power grid environment, a traditional charging pile three-phase phase judgment technology is inaccurate, the response speed is low, and phase judgment fails in a low-current or zero-current state are solved.
Owner:STATE GRID BEIJING ELECTRIC POWER CO +2

Current sensing switch circuitry with compensation

An apparatus such as a switch circuit providing current monitoring as discussed herein may include a first switch fabricated via first semiconductor technology, a second switch fabricated via second semiconductor technology, and current monitor circuitry. The current monitor circuitry may include the second switch. The current monitor circuitry can be configured to provide mirroring of a magnitude of second current through the second switch with respect to a magnitude of first current through the first switch. The apparatus as discussed herein may further include a signal converter operative to convert a first control signal controlling the first switch into a second control signal operative to control the second switch. Additionally, the apparatus as discussed herein may include a gate drive voltage compensation circuit and / or a temperature compensation circuit to provide compensation and a more accurate output signal indicating a magnitude of the first current through the first switch.
Owner:INFINEON TECH AUSTRIA AG

Probe assembly, probe system, method for maintaining alignment, and semiconductor device tested

A probe assembly includes at least one probe, a probe holder, and an adaptor. The probe is configured to include a probe tip and has a first a first length and a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The probe holder is configured to hold the probe, and has a second length and a second coefficient of thermal expansion. The adaptor is configured to attach to the probe holder, and has a third length and a third coefficient of thermal expansion. Furthermore, the first coefficient of thermal expansion is a positive coefficient of thermal expansion, and one of the second coefficient of thermal expansion and the third coefficient of thermal expansion corresponds to either: a material having a negative coefficient of thermal expansion; or a composite structure comprising a positive thermal expansion material and a negative thermal expansion material, arranged such that the overall thermal expansion characteristic is stable.
Owner:MPI CORP