1785results about How to "High precision measurement" patented technology

Reactive sensors typically exhibit nonlinear response to the combination of an excitational signal (e.g., sinusoidally oscillating signal) and a physical parameter under measure (e.g., position of magnetic core member). Such sensors are typically sensitive to temperature variation. Systems and methods are disclosed for compensating for the nonlinear and / or temperature dependant behavior of reactive sensors and for calibrating the post-compensation output signals relative to known samples of the physical parameter under measure (e.g., position). One class of embodiments comprises a housing containing at least part of a reactive sensor, a monolithic integrated circuit and a timing reference (e.g., an oscillator crystal). The integrated circuit includes a waveform generator for generating a sensor exciting signal, a detector for detecting the response of the sensor to the combination of the exciting signal and the under-measure physical parameter, a temperature compensating unit and a Pade' Approximant based, nonlinearity compensating unit. The temperature compensating unit and the Pade' Approximant nonlinearity compensating unit are tuned by use of digitally programmed coefficients. The coefficients calibrate the final output as well as compensating for nonlinearity and temperature sensitivity. A highly accurate measurement of the under-measure physical parameter is made possible even though each of the sensor and compensating circuitry may be relatively simple, compact, and low in cost.

A biosensor is provided, which can measure an analyte in a sample with high precision. The biosensor is produced by disposing a electrode system including a working electrode 12 and a counter electrode 13 on a substrate 11, and then forming a reagent layer 16 containing a reagent and particulates on the electrode system. The influence of the impurities in the sample on the electrode system can be eliminated by the particulates. The average particle diameter of the particulates preferably is in the range from 0.1 to 45 μm.

A biosensor is constituted by disposing an electrode system including a working electrode and a counter electrode on a substrate, forming an inorganic particulate-containing layer containing inorganic particulates thereon, and forming a reagent layer containing a reagent thereon. The inorganic particulates make it possible to prevent impurities in a sample from being in contact with the electrode system and being adsorbed therein, so that measurement is performed with high precision. The inorganic particulate-containing layer can be formed by applying a dispersion system of inorganic particulates and drying them, and it is preferable that the inorganic particulates are contained in the form of aggregates.

A battery capacity measuring device in accordance with the present invention has a fully-charged state detector (80e), a detected current integrator (80a), a divider (80b), and a corrector (80c) incorporated in a microcomputer (80). The fully-charged state detector detects that a battery is fully charged. The detected current integrator integrates current values that are detected by a current sensor during a period from the instant the battery is fully charged to the instant it is fully charged next. The divider divides the integrated value of detected current values by the length of the period. The corrector corrects a detected current using the quotient provided by the divider as an offset. Furthermore, a remaining battery capacity calculating system comprises a voltage detecting unit (50), a current detecting unit (40), an index calculating unit, a control unit, and a calculating unit. The voltage detecting unit detects the voltage at the terminals of a battery. The current detecting unit detects a current flowing through the battery. The index calculating unit calculates the index of polarization in the battery according to the detected current. The control unit controls the output voltage of an alternator so that the index of polarization will remain within a predetermined range which permits limitation of the effect of polarization on the charged state of the battery. When the index of polarization remains within the predetermined range, the calculating unit calculates the remaining capacity of the battery according to the terminal voltage of the battery, that is, the open-circuit voltage of the battery.

A device rotates at least one static magnetic field about an axis, producing a rotating magnetic dipole field, and is movable in relation to the surface of the ground. The field is periodically sensed using a receiver to produce a receiver output responsive to the field. A positional relationship between the receiver and the device is monitored using the output. In one aspect, changing the positional relationship, by moving the device nearer to a boring tool which supports the receiver, causes an increase in accuracy of depth determination. In another aspect, determination of an actual overhead position of the boring tool, and its application, are described. Use of a plurality of measurements over at least one-half revolution of each magnet is disclosed. Establishing a surface radial direction toward a boring tool and resolution of multi-valued parameters is described. Calibration techniques, as well as a three transmitter configuration are also described.

The car battery system of the present invention is provided with a battery block 2 that retains a plurality of battery cells 1 in a stacked configuration and has a terminal plane 2A, which is coincident with terminal surfaces 1A established by positive and negative battery cell 1 electrode terminals 13; and with a battery state detection circuit 30 that connects with the electrode terminals 13 of each battery cell 1. The battery system is provided with a circuit board 7 with surface-mounted electronic components 40 that implement the battery state detection circuit 30. The circuit board 7 is a single-sided board with electronic components 40 mounted on only one side, and the circuit board 7 is attached to the battery block 2 opposite the terminal plane 2A with the side having no electronic components 40 facing the battery block 2. The positive and negative electrode terminals 13 of each battery cell 1 are connected with the circuit board 7 for connection to the battery state detection circuit 30.

In a detection and ranging apparatus that performs direction-of-arrival estimation using a sensor array and that enlarges an effective aperture using a plurality of transmitting sensors, adverse effects associated with time division switching are eliminated, achieving high-accuracy measurement. A transmitter wave is spread in modulators by using mutually orthogonal codes, and the resulting transmitter waves are radiated from two transmitting sensors. Signals received by receiving sensors are each split by a splitter into two parts, which are then respectively despread in a demodulator by using the same codes as those used in the transmitter.

The car battery system of the present invention is provided with battery blocks 2 that retain a plurality of battery cells 1 in a stacked configuration and have terminal planes 2A, which are coincident with terminal surfaces 1A established by positive and negative battery cell 1 electrode terminals 13; and with battery state detection circuits 30 that connect with the electrode terminals 13 of each battery cell 1 to detect the condition of each battery cell 1. The car battery system implements a battery state detection circuit 30 on a circuit board 7, 87, and the circuit board 7, 87 is mounted on a battery block 2 in a position opposite the terminal plane 2A of the battery block 2. Further, the positive and negative electrode terminals 13 of each battery cell 1 are connected with a circuit board 7, 87 for connection to a battery state detection circuit 30.

The present invention aims to provide an intra-oral measurement device and an intra-oral measurement system capable of measuring an inside of an oral cavity at high accuracy without increasing a size of the device, and includes a light projecting unit for irradiating a measuring object including at least a tooth within an oral cavity with light, a lens system unit for collecting light reflected by the measuring object, a focal position varying mechanism for changing a focal position of the light collected by the lens system unit, and an imaging unit for imaging light passed through the lens system unit.

A semiconductor leakage current detector of the present invention includes a first analog switch which causes a current to be measured to flow or to be cut off, a second analog switch which causes a reference current to flow or to be cut off, an integral capacitance element which is connected by the first analog switch and the second analog switch and is charged with the current to be measured or the reference current, a discharge unit which discharges the integral capacitor, and a comparison unit which compares the reference voltage with each of an integral voltage generated in the integral capacitor by a reference current after the discharge of the integral capacitor and an integral voltage generated in the integral capacitance element by the current to be measured after the discharge of the integral capacitor

The present invention provides a current sensor capable of sensing a current to be detected with high precision. The current sensor includes a bus line which extends in an X direction at a first level and to which a current to be detected is supplied, a first magnetoresistive element extending in the X direction in a region corresponding to the bus line at a second level, and a second magnetoresistive element extending in the X direction in a region corresponding to the bus line at a third level. The resistance value of the first magnetoresistive element and that of the second magnetoresistive element change in directions opposite to the second level in accordance with a current magnetic field generated by the current to be detected. With the configuration, the first and second magnetoresistive elements and the bus line can be disposed close to each other. While realizing compactness, the current magnetic field can be detected with high sensitivity.

An eddy current sensor (10) has a sensor coil (100) disposed near a conductive film (6) formed on a semiconductor wafer (W) and a signal source (124) configured to supply an AC signal to the sensor coil (100) to produce an eddy current in the conductive film (6). The eddy current sensor (10) includes a detection circuit operable to detect the eddy current produced in the conductive film (6). The detection circuit is connected to the sensor coil (100). The eddy current sensor (10) also includes a housing (200) made of a material having a high magnetic permeability. The housing (200) accommodates the sensor coil (100) therein. The housing (200) is configured so that the sensor coil (100) forms a path of a magnetic flux (MF) so as to effectively produce an eddy current in the conductive film (6).

The present invention provides a compact current sensor capable of measuring a current to be detected with high precision. A current sensor includes: a first magnetoresistive element including a plurality of element patterns which extend in an X axis direction at a first level, are disposed so as to be adjacent to each other in a Y axis direction orthogonal to the X axis direction, and are connected in parallel with each other; and a thin film coil which includes a plurality of winding body portions extending in the X axis direction in correspondence with the element patterns and winds at a second level different from the first level, and applies a current magnetic field to each of the element patterns when a current to be detected is supplied. Therefore, the absolute value of the resistance change amount in the magnetoresistive element increases. While realizing a compact configuration, the current to be detected, flowing in the thin film coil can be measured with high precision.

A torque measuring apparatus includes: a flexure element that is attached between an output shaft of an actuator or a speed reducer as a torque measurement object and a load object, and includes a main flexure part displaced mainly around the output shaft according to a torque applied from the load object, and an auxiliary flexure part to remove a displacement component other than the displacement of the main flexure part around the output shaft; and at least one pair of strain gauges attached to the main flexure part. The torque is measured based on electric signals outputted from the respective strain gauges.

Apparatus, systems and methods for calculating position of marine seismic acoustic receivers, and for estimating sound velocity profile of a fluid, are disclosed. One position calculation system includes a vessel, two or more vessel hull-mounted transmitters, a plurality of acoustic receivers on a cable being deployed from the vessel into the fluid, and a calculation unit. The calculation unit may be adapted to calculate position of the receivers, and may be used in calculating the sound velocity profile in the fluid and correcting raw seismic data. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract, which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).

The present invention provides a method and substrate examining device that sequentially and automatically measures at least the thickness and the internal stress of the thin film at a predetermined measurement point on the surface of every manufactured semiconductor substrate to perform quality control on each substrate, and reliably recognizes the cause of defects to improve productivity. The examining device and method accurately analyzes the correlation between film thickness and stress to establish the manufacturing processes necessary for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate of higher performance, and measures the distribution of a physical quantity such as internal stress, index of refraction, and composition of the semiconductor substrate in the film thickness direction, without being influenced by change in ambient environmental temperature thereby further improving examination precision.

A cuff for a blood pressure monitor has an air bag inflated / deflated as the air comes in / out. The air bag has an inner wall portion located on the inner side in the fitted state of the cuff and an outer wall portion located outer than the inner wall portion, and a side wall portion connecting side end portions of the inner and outer wall portions and folded inwards in the deflated state of the air bag to form a gusset at each side end portion of the air bag. A bonded portion is provided at a region of the air bag in its winding direction around the living body, for reducing expansion of the gusset formed by the side wall portion. Thus, occurrence of lateral displacement of the cuff is prevented, and a highly reliable blood pressure monitor of high performance can be obtained.

An autocorrelator apparatus and method for economically measuring physical properties of an object where the measurement path is at least semi-translucent to light, such as thicknesses in multilayered optical structures, group index of refraction, and distance to a surface. The apparatus includes a non-coherent light fiber interferometer and an optional coherent light fiber interferometer in association so as to share PZT fiber modulators. Thickness and boundary extent measurements can be made, for example, of solids, liquids, liquids moving along a horizontal plane, or liquids flowing down a plane.

A displacement measurement method for achieving, at each position of interest, high accuracy measurement of a displacement, a velocity and a strain in an actually generated beam direction by measuring the beam direction angle from ultrasound echo data. The method includes the steps of: generating an ultrasound echo data frame through scanning an object in a lateral direction with an ultrasound steered beam having one steering angle; calculating both a beam direction and a frequency in the beam direction based on an azimuth angle φ=tan−1(fy / fx), a polar angle θ=cos−1[fz / (fx2+fy2+fz2)1 / 2], and a frequency (fx2+fy2+fz2)1 / 2 in the case where first spectral moments calculated from local ultrasound echo data at plural different temporal phases are expressed by a three-dimensional frequency vector (fx, fy, fz); and calculating a displacement component in the beam direction at each position of interest generated between plural different temporal phases.

In a pulse oximeter for obtaining an oxygen saturation in a blood, a light emitter irradiates a living tissue with light beams having five different wavelengths. A light receiver receives respective light beams reflected from or transmitted through the living tissue, and converts the received light beams to electric signals. A first calculator calculates five attenuation changes of the living tissue based on fluctuations of the respective electric signals. A second calculator calculates at least four attenuation change ratios from the five attenuation changes. Each of the attenuation change ratios is defined by a ratio between any two of the five attenuation changes. A third calculator calculates the oxygen saturation based on the attenuation change ratios, while taking an oxygen saturation of arterial blood, an oxygen saturation of venous blood, a ratio between changes in arterial blood and venous blood, and a tissue term as four unknown values.

A sensor system immersible in an ambient-fluid for sensing at least two conditions of the ambient fluid, includes a sealed chamber filled with a reference fluid of a known composition and / or pressure, and two acoustic transmission channels, one including the reference fluid, and the other including the ambient fluid. Measuring circuitry measures (a) the transit time of an energy wave through one transmission channel to determine the temperature of the fluid within the sealed chamber and thereby the temperature of the ambient fluid; and (b) the transit time of an energy wave through the other transmission channel to determine the composition and / or the pressure of the ambient fluid.

A biosensor is constituted by disposing an electrode system including a working electrode and a counter electrode on a substrate, forming an inorganic particulate-containing layer containing inorganic particulates thereon, and forming a reagent layer containing a reagent thereon. The inorganic particulates make it possible to prevent impurities in a sample from being in contact with the electrode system and being adsorbed therein, so that measurement is performed with high precision. The inorganic particulate-containing layer can be formed by applying a dispersion system of inorganic particulates and drying them, and it is preferable that the inorganic particulates are contained in the form of aggregates.

The disclosed subject matter relates to a method and distance measurement apparatus for measuring a distance to an object, which can include a light source, a solid state camera, a controller and a distance data generator. The light source can be configured to emit a modulated light towards an object, and the solid state camera can convert the light reflected from the object into charges. The distance data generator can be configured to calculate the distance based on the charges, and the controller can be configured to adjust the modulated light to be more favorable under various circumstances. Thus, the method of the disclosed subject matter can accurately measure distance under various circumstances and can result in providing a distance measurement apparatus with a simple configuration and at low cost, and can be used as a sensor for distance measurement of an obstacle and the like in a vehicle, security system, robot, etc.

A tire pressure detector includes an electrically conductive housing having a housing body and a protruding annular body; a cover having a sleeve portion connected to the protruding annular body, an airtight chamber defined by the cover and the housing for receiving a battery device, a PCB and a first electrically conductive resilient member, the housing body or the cover being disposed with an air intake mouth; and the PCB having a pressure and temperature detecting device. The air intake mouth guides air inside the tire to flow into the airtight chamber. The pressure and temperature detecting device detects the pressure and temperature of the air inside the tire and transmits data to the microprocessor for processing. The microprocessor controls the transmitter to transmit a signal. A receiver disposed near a driver's seat receives and processes the signal and then displays the tire pressure and temperature value on a display.

The present invention relates to pumps comprising variable frequency drive means and methods for operating such pumps. The inventive method for operating a pump (1) comprises the steps of obtaining values of operating parameters of the pump (1) indicating pump conditions, communicating said values of operating parameters from variable frequency drive means (2) to a control device (11), determining if a predetermined condition is fulfilled, communicating instructions from the control device (11) to the variable frequency drive means (2), based on the fulfillment of said predetermined condition. Furthermore, a computer program product loadable into a memory of a digital computer device, including software code portions for performing the inventive method, a pump (1), a pump system and a control device (11) for a pump are described.

A sensor impedance measuring apparatus is provided which is designed to apply one of an alternating voltage swept in level to a positive and a negative side to a sensor element of a gas sensor such as an O2 sensor or an A / F sensor and sample the voltage developed at an end of the sensor element to determine the impedance of the sensor element. The determined impedance is, for example, used to control energization of a heater built in or affixed to the sensor element to control the activation of the sensor element for ensuring the accuracy in measuring the concentration of a gas.

An image display device includes: an optical modulation element having a plurality of pixels; light sources illuminating the optical modulation element, each of which is independently controlled; a light source control value setting section setting control values for each of the light sources according to the grayscale of each pixel of an input image; optical sensors provided on areas of “n” pixels, respectively, where the “n” is an integer equal to or greater than 1; an illumination detection section detecting the illumination of the areas by the optical sensors; and a grayscale control section processing to correct grayscale of each pixel based on the detected illumination and controlling the optical modulation element according to the corrected grayscales obtained by correction.

A rotational angle-measurement apparatus with high accuracy is provided through the electric correction of the rotational angle-measurement apparatus by rotating the rotation shaft at a constant speed.

In a detection and ranging apparatus that performs direction-of-arrival estimation using a sensor array and that enlarges an effective aperture using a plurality of transmitting sensors, adverse effects associated with time division switching are eliminated, achieving high-accuracy measurement. A transmitter wave is spread in modulators by using mutually orthogonal codes, and the resulting transmitter waves are radiated from two transmitting sensors. Signals received by receiving sensors are each split by a splitter into two parts, which are then respectively despread in a demodulator by using the same codes as those used in the transmitter.