51 results about "Transport oxygen" patented technology

Provided herein is a stabilized oxygen transport matrix that includes a reversible oxygen binding protein, such as hemoglobin, immobilized throughout the stabilized oxygen transport matrix. The stabilized oxygen transport matrix is used to transport oxygen and can be used as an oxygen transport region and a reaction region of an analyte sensor, such as an implantable glucose sensor. The reversible binding protein can also function as an oxygen probe within the analyte sensor.

A composite oxygen ion transport element that has a layered structure formed by a dense layer to transport oxygen ions and electrons and a porous support layer to provide mechanical support. The dense layer can be formed of a mixture of a mixed conductor, an ionic conductor, and a metal. The porous support layer can be fabricated from an oxide dispersion strengthened metal, a metal-reinforced intermetallic alloy, a boron-doped Mo5Si3-based intermetallic alloy or combinations thereof. The support layer can be provided with a network of non-interconnected pores and each of said pores communicates between opposite surfaces of said support layer. Such a support layer can be advantageously employed to reduce diffusion resistance in any type of element, including those using a different material makeup than that outlined above.

A compact hydrogen generator for use with fuel cells and other applications includes a hydrogen membrane reactor having a combustion chamber and a reaction chamber. The two chambers are have a fluid connection and a heat exchange relationship with one another. The hydrogen generation apparatus also includes a fuel supply, a fuel supply line for transporting fuel from the fuel supply to the reaction chamber, an oxygen supply, an oxygen supply line for transporting oxygen form the oxygen supply to the combustion chamber, as well as a tail gas supply line for transporting tail gas supply line for transporting tail gases form the reaction chamber, a combustion by-product line for transporting combustion by-products for the combustion chamber, and a reaction product line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber.

An energy storage system has a first pressurized tank for carrying water and hydrogen gas and a second pressurized tank for carrying water and oxygen gas. A first output line connects to the pressurized tank for carrying hydrogen gas from the tank. A second output line connects to the second pressurized tank for carrying oxygen gas from the second tank. The energy storage system has a differential-pressure relief valve connected to the output lines to maintain the gases within a defined pressure differential. A water line connects to both pressurized tanks for maintaining relative water levels in the tanks. An electrolyzer is maintained under pressure and receives water from at least one of the pressurized tanks and creates hydrogen gas and oxygen gas for storage in the pressurized tanks. An accumulator connects to the output lines and having a movable diaphragm that separates the gases and moves to adjust volume to equalize pressure. A regeneration system having the energy storage system and a fuel cell for generating electrical energy is connected to the output lines. A catalyst hood overlies the electrolyzer. In a preferred embodiment of the regeneration system, both the electrolyzer and the fuel cell have a proton exchange membrane. A solar array is connected to the electrolyzer in the regeneration system.

A hydrogen fuel system for an internal combustion engine includes a water reservoir and a fuel cell in fluid communication with the water reservoir. An oxygen line is fluidly coupled to the hydrogen fuel cell and receives and transports oxygen away from the fuel cell. A hydrogen line is fluidly coupled to the fuel cell and receives and transports hydrogen away from the fuel cell. An engine gas interface is fluidly coupled to the oxygen line and the hydrogen line, and operatively coupled to an engine intake. The engine gas interface receives oxygen and hydrogen from the oxygen and hydrogen lines, and introduces the hydrogen and oxygen into the engine intake. A vibration sensor is operatively coupled to the engine gas interface to detect engine vibration of the internal combustion engine, and deactivates the fuel when the sensor does not detect vibration from the engine.

A compact hydrogen generator for use with fuel cells and other applications includes a hydrogen membrane reactor having a combustion chamber and a reaction chamber. The two chambers are have a fluid connection and a heat exchange relationship with one another. The hydrogen generation apparatus also includes a fuel supply, a fuel supply line for transporting fuel from the fuel supply to the reaction chamber, an oxygen supply, an oxygen supply line for transporting oxygen form the oxygen supply to the combustion chamber, as well as a tail gas supply line for transporting tail gas supply line for transporting tail gases form the reaction chamber, a combustion by-product line for transporting combustion by-products for the combustion chamber, and a reaction product line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber.

Provided herein is a stabilized oxygen transport matrix that includes a reversible oxygen binding protein, such as hemoglobin, immobilized throughout the stabilized oxygen transport matrix. The stabilized oxygen transport matrix is used to transport oxygen and can be used as an oxygen transport region and a reaction region of an analyte sensor, such as an implantable glucose sensor. The reversible binding protein can also function as an oxygen probe within the analyte sensor.

A compact hydrogen generator for use with fuel cells and other applications includes a hydrogen membrane reactor having a combustion chamber and a reaction chamber. The two chambers are have a fluid connection and a heat exchange relationship with one another. The hydrogen generation apparatus also includes a fuel supply, a fuel supply line for transporting fuel from the fuel supply to the reaction chamber, an oxygen supply, an oxygen supply line for transporting oxygen form the oxygen supply to the combustion chamber, as well as a tail gas supply line for transporting tail gas supply line for transporting tail gases form the reaction chamber, a combustion by-product line for transporting combustion by-products for the combustion chamber, and a reaction product line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber.

A ceramic membrane element for an oxygen separator is formed from a ceramic material represented by the structure:whereA is a lanthanide element;A' is a suitable lanthanide element dopant;B is selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc and mixtures thereof;B' is copper;x is between 0.4 and 0.8;y is between 0.1 and 0.9; andz is>0 (and determined by stoichiometry).When B includes cobalt in an amount greater than 0.1, the included iron content is less than 0.05.The membrane element selectively transports oxygen ions therethrough at a relatively low temperature, with a flux detected at about 600° C. This enables the oxygen separator to be operated at lower temperatures than convention separators that frequently have operating temperatures in excess of 900° C. Mechanical stability may be enhanced by the addition of a second phase to the ceramic.

A compact hydrogen generator for use with fuel cells and other applications includes a hydrogen membrane reactor having a combustion chamber and a reaction chamber. The two chambers are have a fluid connection and a heat exchange relationship with one another. The hydrogen generation apparatus also includes a fuel supply, a fuel supply line for transporting fuel from the fuel supply to the reaction chamber, an oxygen supply, an oxygen supply line for transporting oxygen from the oxygen supply to the combustion chamber, as well as a tail gas supply line for transporting tail gas supply line for transporting tail gases from the reaction chamber, a combustion by-product line for transporting combustion by-products for the combustion chamber, and a reaction product line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber.

Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and / or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and / or (3) a catalyst. The reactor cell may further comprise a catalyst in the zone which comprises a passageway from an entrance end to an exit end of the element. Processes described which may be conducted with the disclosed reactor cells and reactors include, for example, the partial oxidation of methane to produce unsaturated compounds or synthesis gas, the partial oxidation of ethanes substitution of aromatic compounds, extraction of oxygen from oxygen-containing gases, including oxidized gases, ammoxidation of methane, etc. The extraction of oxygen from oxidized gases may be used for flue or exhaust gas cleanup.

An emergency oxygen supply system for use on aircraft in the event of a loss in cabin pressure is configured for delivering allotments of oxygen and timing the delivery such allotments to each passenger so as maximize the efficiency of the transfer of such oxygen into the passenger's bloodstream. The delivery of each allotment is selected so that the entire allotment is available for inhalation into the region of the lung most efficient at oxygen transfer while the volume of the allotment is selected to substantially coincide with the volume of such region of the lung.

Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and / or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and / or (3) a catalyst. The reactor cell may further comprise a catalyst in the zone which comprises a passageway from an entrance end to an exit end of the element. Processes described which may be conducted with the disclosed reactor cells and reactors include, for example, the partial oxidation of methane to produce unsaturated compounds or synthesis gas, the partial oxidation of ethane, substitution of aromatic compounds, extraction of oxygen from oxygen-containing gases including oxidized gases, ammoxidation of methane, etc. The extraction of oxygen from oxidized gases may be used for flue or exhaust gas cleanup.

An electrochemical cell is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including an oxygen electrode and a solid oxide electrolyte coupled to the oxygen electrode to transport oxygen ions. A hydrogen electrode is coupled to the solid oxide electrolyte and contains nickel combined with a material tending to reduce the reactivity of the nickel with the solid oxide electrolyte. In selected embodiments, the solid oxide electrolyte is lanthanum gallate. Similarly, the material combined with the nickel may be an oxide such as magnesium oxide.

A rechargeable electrochemical battery cell comprises a molten carbonate salt electrolyte (32) whose anion transports oxygen between a metal electrode (34) and an air electrode (30) on opposite sides of the electrolyte (32), where the said molten salt electrolyte (32) is retained inside voids of a porous electrolyte supporting structure sandwiched by the said electrodes, and the molten salt comprises carbonate including at least one of the alkaline carbonate including Li2CO3, Na2CO3, and K2CO3, having a melting point between 400° C. and 800° C.

The invention provided a pressurized cabin system for oxygen circulation. The pressurized cabin system includes a pressurized cabin body, an out-cabin oxygen supply device, an in-cabin oxygen supply device and a discharged-oxygen recycling device; the out-cabin oxygen supply device is used for transporting oxygen to the in-cabin oxygen supply device inside the pressurized cabin body, and after theoxygen discharged by the in-cabin oxygen supply device is recycled by the discharged-oxygen recycling device, the oxygen is supplied to the in-cabin oxygen supply device. The pressurized cabin systemhas the advantages that the used oxygen is recycled and enters the oxygen supply device again when needed, and the oxygen utilization rate can be greatly and effectively increased regarding in-cabinoxygen supply; the oxygen supply amount is reduced; consumed oxygen is effectively reduced.

An integrated system for producing high purity silicon dioxide comprising: a) a source of an oxygen-containing feed gas containing at least one impurity, b) an oxygen transport membrane cell containing an oxygen-selective transport membrane that has a cathode side and an opposing anode side, the membrane being at an elevated temperature effective for separation of oxygen in the feed gas from the impurity by transporting oxygen ions from the oxygen-containing feed gas through the membrane to the anode to form a purified oxygen permeate on the anodeside, while retaining an essentially oxygen-depleted, impurity-containing retentate on the cathode side, c) a passageway from the source (a) to the cathode side of the membrane cell, d) a silicon source, and e) a silicon oxidation furnace, in communication with the anode side of the membrane cell, for reaction of the purified oxygen permeate with silicon from the silicon source, at an elevated reaction temperature effective for the reaction, in order to produce the high purity silicon dioxide.

An electrically driven oxygen separation element and method in which an oxygen containing feed stream is passed through a passageway of a composite structure having a current collector defining the passageway, a cathode electrode to ionize the oxygen, an electrolyte to transport oxygen ions to an anode to recombine into elemental oxygen. An elongated element, preferably formed of an irregular mesh of wire having loops in contact with the current collector can be provided to disrupt the flow directly adjacent the current collector and to help distribute the electrical current along the length of the current collector.

Method and apparatus for removing high density particles from a biological fluid such as blood using aphaeresis. The particles are preferably sub-micron in size and denser than normally occurring components of the fluid and can be removed by a modified reverse-flow gradient density centrifuge without damaging the fluid. The particles can be provided to a patient in vivo or added to the fluid after it is removed from the patient. Some particles can carry and deliver oxygen and scavenge carbon dioxide. Other particles are conjugated to capture molecules for attaching to targets such as cancer cells, viruses, pathogens, toxins, or excess concentrations of a drug or element in the fluid. The targets are then removed from the fluid along with the particles by the aphaeresis instrument.

System and method for energy storage and recovery is described. More particularly, system and method using tungsten based materials to electrochemically store and recover energy is described. In certain embodiments, the system includes a reversible solid oxide electrochemical cell (RSOEC) having a porous cathode, a porous anode, and an electrolyte capable of transporting oxygen ion. The system further includes a reactor comprising tungsten, tungsten oxide, or combinations thereof. To store the energy, the RSOEC is capable of receiving electricity to electrolyze H2O to generate H2 and O2 and the reactor is operably connected to the RSOEC to receive the generated H2 and convert tungsten oxide to tungsten thereby storing electrical energy. To recover the energy, reactor is capable of receiving H2O to convert tungsten to tungsten oxide and generate H2 and the RSOEC is operably connected to the reactor to receive the generated H2 and generate electrical energy.

The invention belongs to the field of medical care, wherein the relief of fatigue and rheumatic backache is for therapeutic purposes and the prevention of diseases of organisms such as the nerves and the cardiovascular belongs is for healthcare purposes, and is prepared according to the principle of traditional Chinese medicine ''regulating channels, activating collaterals and improving blood circulation'', as well as acupoints, body parts, acupuncture, massage, knead and stroke, principium and various body systems in modern medicine such as the nerve system and the cardiovascular system, in combination with modern digital frequency modulation display, magnetic resonance of nano far-infrared heat, and through stimulation, massage and knead and stroke. The magnetic resonance of nano far-infrared heat gathers the wave effect and can vitalize the nerve system, prevent age-related mental handicap and senile dementia, improve the visual system, the olfactory system and the auditory system so as to slow down the aging process, stimulate kidney functions to improve internal secretion, improve sexual function, remove waste prevent renal failure, prevent and decompose the impurities of cholesterol, etc. in the cardiovascular system, smoothen the blood circulatory system to enable the blood vessel to be more flexible, improve the normal circulation of blood on which life depends, transport oxygen and nutrient to and immunize various systems in human body, strengthen the health of the human body, resist aging, prolong the life expectancy, and prevent the tragic final of 'two-deaths and two-disables (stroke)'. The 316 acupoints from the head to the feet are well set without the need of finding the eight characteristics of eight extra channels. Therefore, the invention has eight functions of preventing the 'two-deaths and two-disables (stroke)'.

In a method for operating a measuring probe for measuring a gas concentration in a measuring gas with the aid of a solid electrolyte which conducts oxygen ions and has a measurement cavity for holding the measuring gas, a measuring electrode and an external electrode, a pumping current flowing between the measuring electrode and external electrode transporting oxygen ions from the measuring electrode to the external electrode, the measuring electrode being checked by determining the electrode area effectively available for oxygen diffusion.

The invention relates to a method for constructing an aquatic plant artificial floating island, which is an artificial floating island formed by connecting a plurality of reed screens braided from reeds into a whole body. The method has the following advantages that: 1, the artificial floating island constructed by using the reeds can effectively absorb and assimilate usable nutrient substances insewage, and hold up and adsorb certain heavy metals and certain harmful substances, and particularly the capability of removing nitrogen and phosphonium can reach up to over 90 percent; 2, new shootsdeveloped on reed nods can transport oxygen to aerobic microorganisms at root zones through photosynthesis and promote the decomposition and the transformation of pollutants in the sewage; 3, the reeds have developed root systems, and after the root systems are connected into a whole body and the whole body is put into water, the constructed floating island has strong stability and is not influenced by the outside environment, such as the influence caused by wind waves; and 4, the process and the management for the construction are simple, and the construction cost is low.

The present invention provides a macroporous microcarrier specific to hepatocytes using silk fibroin and galactosylated chitosan as main raw material, a preparation method thereof, and application for hepatocyte culture under the culture condition of microgravity rotation. The macroporous microcarrier s a sphere prepared from silk fibroin and galactosylated chitosan under the effect of crosslinker, wherein based on the total weight of the sphere, the content of silk fibroin is 50-80 wt % and the content of galactosylated chitosan is 15-40 wt %. The diameter of the microcarrier is 200-500 μm, and the aperture of the microcarrier is 40-80 μm. Compared with normal solid scaffold material, the microcarrier provided by the present invention has larger surface area / volume ratio and, a sinus gap structure extremely similar with in-vivo liver sinus structure, therefore it is more conducive to adhering of the hepatocytes on the scaffold material, contacting between cells, transporting oxygen and nutrient components and excreting metabolic products.

A living atmosphere control system is provided with a primary living area, a green cell containing plants consisting of Boston fern, aloe vera, areca palm, peace lily, and garden mums, at least one inlet configured for transporting oxygen from said green cell into said living area, and at least one outlet configured to transport carbon dioxide from said living area to said dehumidifying coils.

A process for making hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC) containing pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral delivery and the composition formed thereby are described. There are three exemplary composition configurations which include (1) hemoglobin-loaded nanoparticles solution, (2) enteric-coated hemoglobin capsules and (3) enteric-coated hemoglobin tablets. To facilitate the bioavailability and bio-compatibility of hemoglobin, intestinal absorption enhancers are added in each of the HBOC formulations. Protective layers ensure delivery of an intact hemoglobin structure in intestinal tract without degradation in the stomach. The HBOC formulations may be used for preventive or immediate treatment of high altitude syndrome (HAS) or for treatment of hypoxic conditions including blood loss, anemia, hypoxic cancerous tissue, and other oxygen-deprivation disorders. In addition to delivering oxygen, the heme group of hemoglobin from HBOC formulations can provide heme iron to the human body to aid in the production of more red blood cells.

The invention discloses a respiratory purification device, which comprises a medical oxygen generator, an airway, an oxygen filter box, a drying layer, an activated carbon adsorption layer, a HEPA filter, a primary filter, an overflow pipe, a round hole, a one-way valve, an oxygen Collection box, oxygen output pipe, plastic hose, mask, elastic belt, hanging ring, air inlet pipe and air outlet pipe, use medical oxygen generator to separate oxygen from indoor air, and send oxygen to oxygen filter box, medical oxygen generator Oxygen is delivered to the inside of the overflow pipe set at the bottom of the oxygen filter box through the air guide tube, and the filter system is formed through the layers of filters set on the upper part of the overflow pipe, which can fully remove the organic waste gas, odor, inhalable particulate matter and moisture in the oxygen. Absorption, allowing the patient to breathe clean oxygen. A bactericidal layer is wrapped outside the mouth of the trachea to suppress the bacteria in the exhaust gas exhaled by the patient.