The invention discloses a flight type high-altitude environment detecting instrument. The flight type high-altitude environment detecting instrument includes an unmanned aerial vehicle, cameras, a solar panel, an anemograph, a box body, a sampling main tube, sampling branch tubes, a suction ventilator, a detection power source, a detection controller, a pressure reducing valve, a gas mixer, a first detection box, a second detection box, an exhaust fan and a one-way valve; the unmanned aerial vehicle includes a rack, brushless motors, blades, a flight power source, a GPS module, supporting legs, a signal transmitter and a signal receiver; the brushless motors are mounted at four corners of the rack; end portions of the brushless motors are provided with the blades; the flight power source is mounted at the center of the bottom of the rack; and a flight controller is mounted at the lower part of the rack. The flight type high-altitude environment detecting instrument of the invention has the advantages of novel structure and scientific and reasonable design. With the flight type high-altitude environment detecting instrument adopted, environment detection of special terrains such as high-altitude space and valleys can be realized, and the defect that an a traditional environmental quality detecting device can only carry out short-distance detection can be eliminated; and multi-point sampling is realized, measurement data are comprehensive, and the accuracy of measurement can be improved.