576 results about "Nitrosation" patented technology

This invention discloses a method for deep denitrification treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater. The apparatus comprises an anaerobic decarbonization zone, an aerobic nitrosation / anaerobic ammoxidation denitrification zone, and a traditional nitrification / denitrification zone. In the anaerobic decarbonization zone, an anaerobic bioreactor is utilized to perform anaerobic biotreatment on the organic pollutants in raw water to remove the majority of organic matters. In the aerobic nitrosation / anaerobic ammoxidation denitrification zone, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are removed in the form of nitrogen gas. In the traditional nitrification / denitrification zone, nitrate in the water discharged from the aerobic nitrosation / anaerobic ammoxidation denitrification zone is subjected to denitrification and removed in the form of nitrogen gas. Excess organic matters are subjected to aerobic bioreaction and removed. The method can ensure COD; total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents in the treated water are qualified for discharge. The method has such advantages as high decarbonization and denitrification efficiency, low energy consumption, and high running stability.

The invention describes novel nitrosated and / or nitrosylated compounds of the invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and novel compositions comprising at least one nitrosated and / or nitrosylated compound of the invention, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide donor and / or at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides novel compositions comprising at least one compound of the invention, and at least one nitric oxide donor and / or at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides novel kits comprising at least one compound of the invention, that is optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide donor and / or at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides methods for (a) treating bacterial infections; (b) treating viral infections; (c) treating fungal infections; and (d) treating lesions. The nitrosated and / or nitrosylated compounds of the invention are preferably nitrosated and / or nitrosylated antimicrobial compounds, nitrosated and / or nitrosylated adenosine antagonists, nitrosated and / or nitrosylated LTB4 antagonists, nitrosated and / or nitrosylated mucoregulators and nitrosated and / or nitrosylated purine agonists. The methods of the invention are preferably for the treatment of bacterial infections associated with pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis.

The invention discloses a large-scaled culture method of high-concentration nitrosobacteria and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) adding an enrichment culture solution with initial ammonia nitrogen mass concentration of 30-500mg / L in a reaction device with functions of stirring, heating and aeration; preparing activated sludge of a waste water treatment plant in activated sludge of 0.5-20% for primary inoculation to conduct the enrichment culture of the nitrosobacteria by 2-6d as a culture cycle, wherein extra ammonium salts and a growth promoter are added during the enrichment culture of the nitrosobacteria; (2) ending the culture when the concentration of NO2-N in the solution is accumulated to reach 70-95% of the concentration of total nitrogen; adding a flocculating agent for flocculation and sedimentation; and allowing to stand still to remove supernate, and then adding the enrichment culture solution to start the culture of the second cycle; and (3) continuously conducting 3-8 cycles of the enrichment culture to obtain the high-concentration nitrosobacteria. By adopting the nitrosobacteria to strengthen the bi-nitrification treatment of ammonia nitrogen contained waste water, the method has the advantages of high stress resistance, low cost and high efficiency and is suitable for the complicated treatment of ammonia nitrogen contained industrial waste water.

The invention describes novel nitrosated and / or nitrosylated diuretic compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and novel compositions comprising at least one nitrosated and / or nitrosylated diuretic compound, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide donor and / or at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides novel compositions and kits comprising at least one diuretic compound of the invention, that is optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide donor compound and / or at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides methods for (a) treating conditions resulting from excessive water and / or electrolyte retention; (b) treating cardiovascular diseases; (c) treating renovascular diseases; (d) treating diabetes; (e) treating diseases resulting from oxidative stress; (f) treating endothelial dysfunctions; (g) treating diseases caused by endothelial dysfunctions; (h) treating cirrhosis; (j) treating pre-eclampsia; (k) treating osteoporosis; and (l) treating nephropathy.

The invention discloses a device and a method for nitrogen and phosphorus removal for low CN ratio urban sewage through nitrosation and anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrifying phosphorus removal intensification, and belongs to the field of biological sewage treatment. The device comprises an urban sewage raw water tank, a denitrifying phosphorus removal reactor, an adjusting water tank, a sedimentation tank, and an integrated partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; when the urban sewage enters the denitrifying phosphorus removal reactor, phosphorus-accumulating bacteria utilizes organic carbon source in the urban sewage for anaerobic phosphorus release, sedimentation and water drainage are performed, the amount of output water is adjusted by the adjusting water tank, then the output water enters the integrated partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor, contained NH4<+>-N is converted into N2 to be effectively removed through partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation, contained PO4 <3-> and a small amount of NO3<->-N produced in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation flow back with the output water to the denitrifying phosphorus removal reactor for denitrifying phosphorus removal, and then micro-aeration is carried out for a period of time. The method reduces oxygen consumption and energy consumption, improves the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate, and avoids the problem of insufficient carbon source.

The invention discloses a nitrosation-anaerobic ammonoxidation single-stage biological denitrification method, the technology utilizes nitrosation flora with intensified active carbon as core after adding powdery active carbon and anaerobic ammonoxidation flora to generate composite granule sludge, and couples two reactions of nitrosation reaction and anaerobic ammonoxidation reaction, realizes biological denitrification reaction for transforming ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen in macrography. The invention is operated in one reactor at normal temperature without need of heating preprocessing waste water, saves energy, needs small accommodation area and reduces free nitrous cumulant of free nitrite to resist ammonia nitrogen with higher concentration. The invention adds powdery active carbon to form intensified granule sludge and self-cultures suspended sludge, thereby simplifying startup and running of the technology.

The combined treatment process of high concentration ammonia nitrogen waste water belongs to the field of waste water treating technology. The combined treatment process of high concentration ammonia nitrogen waste water features the combination of blow-off method, MAP method and nitrosation-anaerobic ammoxidation biological method. The treating process of the present invention includes the steps of: adding lime into the waste water in a regulating tank to reach pH of 11-12; blow-off and aerating in a blow-off tank, with the blow-off tail gas entering to an absorbing tank and the blow-off water entering to a MAP reaction tank; treating the blow-off effluent in the MAP reaction tank with thrown disodium hydrogen phosphate and magnesia to produce magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitate exhausted; and the final nitrosation-anaerobic ammoxidation biological treatment. The process has low power consumption and other advantages.

The invention discloses a method for producing polymer grade ethylene glycol and co-producing methyl glycolate, which comprises the following steps that: feed gas produced by taking coal, natural gas or residual oil as a raw material is subjected to purification treatment to obtain carbon monoxide and hydrogen through pressure varying absorption; the carbon monoxide, the hydrogen and auxiliary raw materials, namely industrial methanol, oxygen and nitrogen oxide are subjected to processes such as nitrosation reaction, carbonylation reaction, hydrogenation reaction, rectification separation, tail gas purification treatment and the like to obtain the ethylene glycol and the methyl glycolate; and the yield proportion of the ethylene glycol and the glycollic acid can be adjusted by controlling the hydrogenation reaction and the rectification process. In the method, the carbonylation reaction is performed on a Pd / alpha-Al2O3 catalyst added with two additives, and the carbonylation reaction is performed on a Cu-SiO2 or Cu-Cr2O3 or Cu-Zn-Al methanol catalyst, wherein the conversion ratio of the CO and the H2 is over 99.9 percent; and the selectivity is over 98 percent. Compared with the prior method for producing the ethylene glycol and the methyl glycolate, the method has the characteristics of low cost and high benefit.

The invention describes novel nitrosated and / or nitrosylated compounds of the invention, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and novel compositions comprising at least one nitrosated and / or nitrosylated compound of the invention, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide donor compound and / or at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides novel compositions comprising at least one compound of the invention, that is optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, and at least one nitric oxide donor compound and / or at least one therapeutic agent. The compounds and compositions of the invention can also be bound to a matrix. The invention also provides methods for treating cardiovascular diseases, for inhibiting platelet aggregation and platelet adhesion caused by the exposure of blood to a medical device, for treating pathological conditions resulting from abnormal cell proliferation; transplantation rejections, autoimmune, inflammatory, proliferative, hyperproliferative or vascular diseases; for reducing scar tissue or for inhibiting wound contraction, particularly the prophylactic and / or therapeutic treatment of restenosis by administering at least one compound of the invention that is optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, in combination with nitric oxide donors that are capable of releasing nitric oxide or indirectly delivering or transferring nitric oxide to targeted sites under physiological conditions. The compounds of the invention are preferably estradiol compounds, troglitazone compounds, tranilast compounds, retinoic acid compounds, resveratol compounds, myophenolic acid compounds, acid compounds, anthracenone compounds and trapidil compounds.

The invention discloses a method for realizing shortcut nitration of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The method comprises the following steps of: culturing nitrosation dominant flora; and performing ammonia sewage treatment by using the flora as an inoculum, namely adding the cultured nitrosation dominant flora into an aeration reactor to treat the ammonia wastewater, wherein the adding amount of the cultured nitrosation dominant flora accords with a condition that: sludge concentration is 800-2,000mg / L after the cultured nitrosation dominant flora is added; and the treatment conditions arethat: the temperature is 18-40DEG C, the dissolved oxygen is 0.1-3mg / L, and the pH is 7- 9. The unique nitrosation dominant flora culture method is adopted, stable and high-efficiency ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment effect can be achieved, and the problem of instability of the shortcut nitration in actual application is solved.

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and sewage treatment technology and equipment, and in particular relates to membrane aeration biomembrane technology and a membrane aeration biomembrane device for short-range denitrogenation of sewage. The membrane aeration biomembrane technology mainly utilizes an ammonia oxidation bacterium biomembrane grown on the surface of an aeration membrane to complete nitrosation of ammonia nitrogen, controls oxidation of the ammonia nitrogen in the nitrosation state, and utilizes a denitrifying biomembrane to complete the process of short-range denitrogenation. After the pH is adjusted, high ammonia nitrogen wastewater is added into a membrane aeration biomembrane reactor through an intake pump and flows into a denitrifying biomembrane reactor, and simultaneously full contact of a mixed solution in a system and the biomembrane is realized by utilization of a mixed solution circulating pump. Under the condition of stable operation, dissolved oxygen in the mixed solution in the system is controlled to be less than 0.1 milligram per liter. The membrane aeration biomembrane technology and the membrane aeration biomembrane device have the characteristics of simple and quick technique, high and stable denitrogenation efficiency, strong impact load resistance, low energy consumption, low operating cost, small sludge output and so on.

A process for treating ammonia containing wastewater includes bringing an ammonia-treating material and ammonia containing wastewater into contact with each other to remove ammonia in the wastewater continuously as nitrogen gas, the ammonia-treating material including a long carrier and complex bacterial sludge attached and immobilized on the biomass carrier, the carrier including a net, a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric of fibers or filaments, the carrier being attached to a support, the complex bacterial sludge containing bacterial sludge including autotrophic anammox bacteria and bacterial sludge including autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, the ammonia containing wastewater containing dissolved oxygen at a concentration of not less than 0.5 mg / l. The process for treating ammonia containing wastewater uses the treating material in which the bacterial sludge are attached and immobilized, and nitritation and anammox reaction can take place efficiently and economically even when the wastewater contains dissolved oxygen at a high concentration.

The invention discloses a nitration method of iron-carbon nitrosation, a reactor therefor and a method of sewage water denitrogenation. Iron filings and active carbon are added in the reactor hierarchically or mixed, water containing ammonia nitrogen is supplied in the reactor and oxygen enriched air is blew in thereof, only inorganic iron-carbon in condition of aeration, ammonia nitrogen is conversed into nitrite and nitrate steadily. The reactor is composed of a supporting layer, a back purge system, a water-inlet- distribution device, a air diffuser, iron / carbon composite material, a drift eliminator and bed body, nitrosation or nitration is finished in action of ammonia sewage water. The reactor is combined with a denitrify reactor, a anaerobic bioreactor, or used as a aeration biological filter of biology filler to finish denitrification process of nitrogen sewage water. The reactor has advantages of stable performance, high efficiency, low power cost and simple maintenance. An integrated denitrification technics is formed in the reactor, denitrification efficiency of the whole flow is improved.

The present invention describes novel nitrosated and / or nitrosylated potassium channel activators, and novel compositions comprising at least one nitrosated and / or nitrosylated potassium channel activator, and, optionally, at least one compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide, elevates endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulates endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and / or at least one vasoactive agent. The present invention also provides novel compositions comprising at least one potassium channel activator, and at least one compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide, elevates endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulates endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and / or at least one vasoactive agent. The present invention also provides methods for treating or preventing sexual dysfunctions in males and females, for enhancing sexual responses in males and females, and for treating or preventing cardiovascular disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, hypertension, asthma, baldness, urinary incontinence, epilepsy, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, migraines, irritable bowel syndrome and sensitive skin.

The invention relates to a process for purifying culturing water mass by utilizing microorganism, wherein microbiological functional bacteria of four various physiological categories, including nitrifying bacteria and nitrosation bacteria, denitrogenation sulfur bacillus in denitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria are thrown into the culturing water mass, the throwing amount is 0.05-0.20% of the culturing water mass, while the ratio by volume of various bacteria thrown is, nitrifying bacteria and nitrosation bacteria : denitrogenation sulfur bacillus in denitrifying bacteria : sulfur bacteria : photosynthetic bacteria = (1-4) : (1.6í½3) : (2í½3.6) : (1í½4). The invention can substantially reduce the contaminant in the culturing water mass. íí

The invention discloses a method for accelerating aerobic sludge granulation by the aid of charcoal. The method includes that pyridine degradation bacteria Rhizobium sp. NJUST18 and ordinary activated sludge are used as compound inocula for the aerobic granular sludge, the charcoal is used as a crystal nucleus for the aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor form, and quick forming of the pyridine degradation aerobic granular sludge can be promoted. The method has the advantages that the aerobic granular sludge with a pyridine degradation function can grow by the aid of pyridine which is a unique carbon source and a unique nitrogen source, granules have regular shapes and are good in sedimentation after the cultivated granular sludge is mature, reaction systems are high in sludge concentration, the high-concentration pyridine can be degraded and is subjected to synchronous nitrosation, and the cultivation time of the aerobic granular sludge for treating wastewater difficult to biodegrade can be effectively shortened.

The invention belongs to the treatment field of waste water, and provides a method for converting active sludge into autotrophic denitrified sludge based on a mixed type continuous flow reactor. The method which is used for converting the common active sludge into the autotrophic denitrified sludge by the continuous flow reactor specifically comprises two stages. The first stage comprises the steps of: converting anaerobic or anoxic sludge into a nitrosation status by the condition which controls the organic matter concentration (COD (chemical oxygen demand) is less than 20mg / L), the water dissolved oxygen concentration (1-0.5mg / L), and the inflowing ammonia nitrogen concentration (50-450mg / L), and restraining the growth of the other microorganisms step by step by the running condition and the washing characteristic of the continuous flow reactor. When the cumulative percentage of the nitrite is more than 60%, the second stage is started. The second stage comprises the step of: promoting the nitrosation status to be converted into the autotrophic denitrification status by the condition which improves the ammonia nitrogen concentration (450-550mg / L), reduces the dissolved oxygen (0.5mg / L), and keeps a certain PH value (7.5-8.0) to form a system which is coupled nitrosified microorganism to anammox microorganism. The practice proves that the system can stably run for a long term. After entering into the practical running stage of the waste water treatment, the method leads the ammonia nitrogen removing rate and the total nitrogen removing rate to be respectively more than 80% and 70% by the reaction which is remained only by the natural reoxygenation or a small quantity of aeration without aeration.

The present invention describes novel nitrosated and / or nitrosylated α-adrenergic receptor antagonists, and novel compositions containing at least one nitrosated and / or nitrosylated α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and, optionally, one or more compounds that donate, transfer or release nitric oxide, elevate endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulate endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or are a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, and / or one or more vasoactive agents. The present invention also provides novel compositions containing at least one α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and one or more compounds that donate, transfer or release nitric oxide, elevate endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulate endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and / or one or more vasoactive agents. The present invention also provides methods for treating or preventing sexual dysfunctions in males and females, for enhancing sexual responses in males and females, and for treating or preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension, congestive heart failure, variant (Printzmetal) angina, glaucoma, neurodegenerative disorders, vasospastic diseases, cognitive disorders, urge incontinence, or overactive bladder, and for reversing the state of anesthesia.

The invention provides a method for treating sludge digestive liquid by coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation and anaerobic methane oxidation, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The method comprises the steps that anaerobic digested sludge is inoculated into an anaerobic methanogenic reactor, partial nitrification sludge is inoculated into a partial nitrification reactor, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification-type methane anaerobic oxidation bacterium symbiotic bacterium group sludge is inoculated into an anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupled anaerobic methane oxidation reactor; firstly the sludge digestive liquid enters the anaerobic methanogenic reactor, after water quality of yielding water is adjusted by a middle water tank, the yielding water enters the partial nitrification reactor, and the nitrosation process is realized by controlling aeration time; finally the water quality of yielding water is adjusted by the middle water tank, the yielding water enters the anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupled anaerobic methane oxidation reactor, meanwhile, methane generated by the anaerobic methanogenic reactor is used for aeration, and the autotrophic nitrogen removal process is completed with the help of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria and anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria. The method can be used for solving the problems of insufficient organic carbon source, relatively low C / N ratio, release of greenhouse gases and the like existing in a sludge digestive liquid nitrogen removal treatment process.

A process for denitrification and removing phosphorus from sewage features use of an preposed anaerobic reactor for mixing the sewage with the reflux sludge from a deposition pool, a primary reactor for culturing the heterotrophic microbes including phosphorus-gathering bacteria and denitrofying bacteria, removing COD, denitrofying and removing phosphorus, a deposition pool for separating mud andwater and draining the supernatant, and a biomembrane reactor for culturing the nitrosating and nitrofying bacteria for nitrofying the said incoming supernatant and returning it back to the said primary reactor.

The invention discloses a method for quickly starting short-cut nitrification and denitrification of ammonia-containing wastewater. The method includes the steps: (1) putting denitrified activated sludge into a bioreactor; and (2) starting by a way of batch water feeding and gradual increase of the fed water ammonia-nitrogen concentration, and adding an ammonia oxidizing bacteria growth promoter, wherein the ammonia oxidizing bacteria growth accelerator includes 40 to 100 parts by weight of metal salts, 5 to 30 parts by weight of a polyamine substance, 0.05 to 1.5 parts by weight of inorganic acid hydroxylamine and 10 to 40 parts by weight of Na2SO3, the metal salts comprise a calcium salt, a ferrous salt and a copper salt, and the molar ratio of Ca<2+> to Fe<2+> to Cu<2+> is (5-15) to (1-8) to (0.5-5); and (3) when the fed water ammonia-nitrogen concentration reaches 400 to 700 mg / L, changing the mode into a mode of continuous water feeding, continuing to add the growth promoter, and when the ammonia-nitrogen removal rate is more than 90% and the nitrosation rate reaches 80%, starting to add a denitrification inoculum. The method can quickly start short-cut nitrification and denitrification process in a short time, and has the advantages of short starting time and high total nitrogen removal rate.

The invention discloses a device and a method for treating low-temperature high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater by use of a constant magnetic field. The device mainly comprises a shortcut nitrification SBR reactor, magnetic field intensifying devices symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the reactor, an online shortcut nitrification monitoring system and a feedback control system. According to the device and the method, the magnetic biological effect is thoroughly utilized, and the active sites of proteins in the ammonia monooxygenase and the hydroxylamine oxidase of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are affected by use of the magnetic field, and therefore, the activity of the enzymes is improved, the ammoxidation reaction rate is increased and the enrichment of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is promoted, and especially, the influence of the temperature to the activity of the enzyme can be compensated under a low temperature condition; besides, the speed of movement of charged particles is increased by use of the action of the magnetic field force, and furthermore, the mass transfer efficiency is improved, the defects of unstable operation of the reactor, low ammonia nitrogen degradation rate and the like in existing low-temperature wastewater treatment are made up, and meanwhile, efficient nitrosation is realized in the reactor under the low-temperature condition by controlling dissolved oxygen, pH, hydraulic retention time and sludge age; and as a result, the sewage retention time is shortened and the cost and the energy consumption are reduced.

Disclosed are nitrosated and / or nitrosylated phosphodiesterase inhibitors having the formula NOn-PDE inhibitor where n is 1 or 2. The invention also provides compositions comprising such compounds in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention also provides a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE inhibitor), which can optionally be substituted with at least one NO or NO2 moiety, and one to ten fold molar excess of a compound that donates, transfers or releases nitrogen monoxide as a charged species, i.e., nitrosonium (NO+) or nitroxyl (NO-), or as the neutral species, nitric oxide (NO.) or which stimulates endogenous EDRF production. The invention also provides compositions comprising such compounds in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention also provides methods for treating sexual dysfunctions in males and females.

The invention discloses a combined process for building partial nitrosation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation garbage percolate. The method comprises the following steps of: normally separating and removing, filtering and settling garbage percolate, anaerobically and biochemicalally pre-processing; putting the pre-processed garbage percolate in a started and steady SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) reactor; controlling the temperature of the SBR reactor in a range of 25-35 DEG C; hydraulically staying for 2 to 3 days, wherein the dissolved oxygen concentration is 2 to 3 mg / L so that the mol concentration ratio of nitrosation nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen in the water is 0.8 to 1.4; flowing the water into an anaerobic reactor and carrying out the anaerobic ammonium oxidation to denitrify. The method provided by the invention controls the reaction condition of SBR reactor so that the ammonia nitrogen in the garbage percolate is partially nitrosated and then removed in the garbage percolate in the series anaerobe reactor. Compared with the traditional garbage percolate denitrifying process including nitration and denitrification, the method obviously reduces the addition of agents and the consumption of the power energy, reduces the processing cost of garbage percolate and is an energy-saving, consumption-emission and environmental-friendly processing process.

The invention provide an anaerobic ammonia oxidation-based low-carbon nitrogen ratio urban sewage denitrification system and treatment process. The system comprises a biological adsorption unit, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit, a nitrosation unit, a membrane technology unit and an anaerobic digestion unit, wherein the biological adsorption unit comprises an aeration tank and a settling pond; the aeration tank is connected with the settling pond; the settling pond is connected with an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank; the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank is connected with a nitrosation tank provided with a membrane component; the anaerobic digestion unit is an independent sludge treatment unit. The system is short in process flow, short in system startup time, stable and high-efficiency in denitrification performance, standard reach of effluent total nitrogen, low in operating energy consumption and material consumption and low in residual sludge yield. Organic matters in the urban sewage are subjected to biological adsorption removal by utilizing biological adsorption, sludge which is discharged through biological adsorption and is enriched in organic matters is subjected to medium-temperature anaerobic digestion treatment to produce biogas to be used for heating and heat preservation of the medium-temperature anaerobic digestion tank and the low-temperature anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank, the organic matters in the urban sewage can be recycled, and the operating energy consumption of the process is further reduced.

The invention discloses an entrapping immobilization method of mixed anaerobic ammonium oxidation culture, which comprises the steps of obtaining embedding medium, mixing the embedding medium and sludge, obtaining immobilized anaerobic ammonium oxidation beads, activating the immobilized anaerobic ammonium oxidation beads, and the like. The obtaining of the embedding medium is to weigh polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate to be made into solution, according to the mass percent, the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol is 6%-10wt% and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 1%-2wt%, and the polyvinyl alcohol and the sodium alginate are well stirred to make into mixed embedding medium. The method is simple in technique, simple in operation and low in costs. The entrapping of immobilized ANAMMOX mixed culture can be successful, the method can design an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor which is highly effective and specific in action, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor and a lead nitrosation reactor can be combined to form a high-efficiency stable biological denitrification system, which is adaptable for commercial manufacture and can bring about perfect economic and environmental benefits.

Disclosed are (i) compounds of a steroid, a β-agonist, an anticholinergic, a mast cell stabilizer and a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor directly or indirectly linked to a NO or NO2 group or a group which stimulates endogenous production of NO or EDRF in vivo; (ii) compositions of steroids, β-agonists, anticholinergics, mast cell stabilizers and PDE inhibitors, which can optionally be substituted with at least one NO or NO2 moiety or a group which stimulates endogenous production of NO or EDRF in vivo, and a compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide as a charged species, i.e., nitrosonium (NO+) or nitroxyl (NO−), or as the neutral species, nitric oxide (NO.) or that stimulates endogenous production of NO or EDRF in vivo; and (iii) uses for them in preventing and / or treating respiratory disorders.