618 results about "Epinephrine" patented technology

It has been discovered that the stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors, which activate cAMP formation, give rise to increased APP and GFAP synthesis in astrocytes. Hence, the in vitro or in vivo exposure of neuronal cells to certain compositions comprising beta-adrenergic receptor ligands or agonists, including, e.g., norepinephrine, isoproterenol and the like, increases APP mRNA transcription and consequent APP overproduction. These increases are blocked by beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, such as propranolol. The in vitro or in vivo treatment of these cells with 8Br-cAMP, prostaglandin E2 (PG E2), forskolin, and nicotine ditartrate also increased APP synthesis, including an increase in mRNA and holoprotein levels, as well as an increase in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Compositions and methods are disclosed of regulating APP overexpression and mediating reactive astrogliosis through cAMP signaling or the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. It has further been found that the increase in APP synthesis caused by 8Br-cAMP, PG E2, forskolin, or nicotine ditartrate is inhibited by immunosuppressants or anti-inflammatory agents, such as cyclosporin A, and FK-506 (tacrolimus), as well as ion-channel modulators, including ion chelating agents such as EGTA, or calcium / calmodulin kinase inhibitors, such as KN93. The present invention has broad implications in the alleviation, treatment, or prevention of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease.

It has been discovered that the stimulation of beta -adrenergic receptors, which activate cAMP formation, give rise to increased APP and GFAP synthesis in astrocytes. Hence, the in vitro or in vivo exposure of neuronal cells to certain compositions comprising beta -adrenergic receptor ligands or agonists, including, e.g., norepinephrine, isoproterenol and the like, increases APP mRNA transcription and consequent APP overproduction. These increases are blocked by beta -adrenergic receptor antagonists, such as propranolol. The in vitro or in vivo treatment of these cells with 8Br-cAMP, prostaglandin E2 (PG E2), forskolin, and nicotine ditartrate also increased APP synthesis, including an increase in mRNA and holoprotein levels, as well as an increase in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Compositions and methods are disclosed of regulating APP overexpression and mediating reactive astrogliosis through cAMP signaling or the activation of beta -adrenergic receptors. It has further been found that the increase in APP synthesis caused by 8Br-cAMP, PG E2, forskolin, or nicotine ditartrate is inhibited by immunosuppressants or anti-inflammatory agents, such as cyclosporin A, and FK-506 (tacrolimus), as well as ion-channel modulators, including ion chelating agents such as EGTA, or calcium / calmodulin kinase inhibitors, such as KN93. The present invention has broad implications in the alleviation, treatment, or prevention of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease.

Disclosed here are effervescent granules having a controllable rate of effervescence. In some embodiments, the such granules comprise an acidic agent, an alkaline agent, a pharmacologically active agent, hot-melt extrudable binder capable of forming a eutectic mixture with the acidic agent and, optionally, a plasticizer. The effervescent granules are made by a hot-melt extrusion process. The present invention also provides a thermal heat process for preparing a pharmacologically active agent containing effervescent granule. In certain aspects, the granules contain pharmacologically active agents such as narcotics, antidiarrheal agents, antiviral agents, anxiolytic agents, a cholesterol lowering agent, an alpha adrenergic blocking agent, a phenanthrene derivative. By way of example, some of the narcotics that may be included in the granules and in the process of preparing the granules include, by way of example: phenanthrene derivatives (e.g., morphine sulfate), and morphine derivatives (e.g., hydromorphone hydrochloride).

Disclosed are antisense oligonucleotide, polynucleotide, and peptide nucleic acid compounds that specifically bind to mammalian mRNA encoding a beta1-adrenoceptor polypeptide and that are useful in the control and / or treatment of cardiac dysfunction, hypertension, hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, and other cardiovascular diseases in an affected mammal, and preferably, in a human subject. The antisense compounds disclosed herein, and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, provide sustained control of beta1-adrenoceptor expression over prolonged periods, and achieve therapeutic effects from as little as a single dose. Administration of these antisense compositions to approved animal models resulted in a decrease in blood pressure, but no significant change in heart rate. Use of such antisense compositions in the reduction of beta1-adrenoceptor polypeptides in a host cell expressing beta1-adrenoceptor-specific mRNA, and in the preparation of medicaments for treating human and animal diseases, and in particular, hypertension and other cardiac dysfunction is also disclosed.

A method of administering epinephrine to a patient includes administering a first dose by automatic injection followed by administering a second dose by manual injection. The first and second injections are administered using the same syringe. In some embodiments, the first and second injections provide the same volume of medicine to the patient. In particular embodiments, the first and second injections have volumes of 0.15 or 0.3 ml.

An epinephrine auto-injector that is constructed and arranged to reduce the likelihood of accidental discharge of the injector The epinephrine injector may also be constructed and arranged to be safer to use and / or dispose of after use. As such, the present invention provides a epinephrine injector that may include a locking mechanism, an actuation mechanism, or both, to help prevent the accidental discharge of the injector. In addition, the epinephrine injector may include a two-part housing and may include means for covering the needle after the epinephrine injector has been used to help dispose of the epinephrine injector after use.

A method of administering liquid medicine such as epinephrine to a patient includes administering a first dose followed by administering an optional second dose is described herein. Also described herein are devices useful for carrying out the methods described and kits containing these devices.

Biocompatible intraocular microspheres and implants include an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a polymer associated with the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist to facilitate release of the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist into an eye for an extended period of time. The alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist may be associated with a biodegradable polymer matrix, such as a matrix of a two biodegradable polymers. The implants may be placed in an eye to treat or to prevent the occurrence of one or more ocular conditions, to reduce one or more symptoms of an ocular condition, such as an ocular neurosensory disorder and the like, to enhance normal retinal function and / or to lower intraocular pressure.

An injector device for the percutaneous injection of fluids, such as medications, is disclosed. The device can have a mobile phone case. The mobile phone case can hold an auto-injector cartridge having a trigger, spring-loaded needle and reservoir holding a medication such as epinephrine or insulin. The device mobile phone case can communicate injection data to the phone. The phone can communicate the injection data to an emergency service provider.

The present invention generally concerns an epinephrine formulation that has enhanced stability. In particular embodiments, the formulation is an injectable formulation. In specific aspects, the formulation comprises epinephrine, EDTA, and one or more of an antioxidant such as cysteine, citric acid, acetylcysteine, or thioglycerol. The formulations are suitable for any medical condition that is in need of epinephrine, although in specific embodiments the medical condition is anaphylaxis, asthma, or cardiac arrest.

A method and solution for perioperatively inhibiting a variety of pain and inflammation processes during arthroscopic procedures. The solution preferably includes a vasoconstrictor that demonstrates substantial agonist activity at alpha adrenergic receptors and that is selected for peripheral (local) vasoconstriction and one or more additional pain and inflammation inhibitory agents at dilute concentration in a physiologic carrier, such as saline or lactated Ringer's solution. The solution is applied by continuous irrigation of a wound during a surgical procedure for peripheral vasoconstriction and inhibition of pain and / or inflammation while avoiding undesirable side effects associated with systemic application of larger doses of the agents.

Described herein are formulations for fast-disintegrating epinephrine tablets which can be prepared for buccal or sublingual administration, wherein the fast-disintegrating epinephrine tablets can produce plasma epinephrine concentrations substantially equivalent to those achieved by traditional injectable dosage forms comprising epinephrine injected either subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

RNA interference is provided for inhibition of ocular hypertension target mRNA expression for lowering elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Ocular hypertension targets include carbonic anhydrase II, IV, and XII; β1- and β2 adrenergic receptors; acetylcholinesterase; Na+ / K+-ATPase; and Na—K-2Cl cotransporter. Ocular hypertension is treated by administering interfering RNAs of the present invention.

A method and solution for perioperatively inhibiting a variety of pain and inflammation processes during arthroscopic procedures. The solution preferably includes a vasoconstrictor that exhibits alpha-adrenergic activity and one or more additional pain and inflammation inhibitory agents at dilute concentration in a physiologic carrier, such as saline or lactated Ringer's solution. The solution is applied by continuous irrigation of a wound during a surgical procedure for peripheral vasoconstriction and inhibition of pain and / or inflammation while avoiding undesirable side effects associated with systemic application of larger doses of the agents.

The present invention relates to methods for administering a first dose of epinephrine solution and an optional second dose of epinephrine solution. Also provided herein are kits useful in these methods.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for reducing Distress Dysfunction by restoring and maintaining homeostatic balance in the neurotransmitter systems underlying the Stress Response and the experience of distress and hedonic tone. Distress Dysfunction refers to the experience of dysfunctional emotional and physical distress that interferes with the individual's quality of life and functioning. A novel understanding of the bimodal opioid modulation of pain, and its impact, through serotonergic, dopaminergic, epinephrinergic, and norepinephrinergic processes, on hedonic tone, leads directly to new generation pharmaceutical formulations that are remarkably safe and effective for the treatment of a wide variety of Distress Dysfunctions, including anxiety, depression, anger, insomnia, mood disorders, eating disorders, sexual problems, pain, substance and behavioral addictions, gastrointestinal disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorders, and other emotional and physical distress disorders. The foundation of this discovery is the power of Receptor Switchers, such as ultra-low-dose and very-low-dose opioid antagonists and GM1 ganglioside attenuators, in blocking acute and protracted excitatory opioid receptor signaling. Co-administration of Receptor Switchers with Endorphin Enhancers, such as specific cAMP PDE inhibitors and excitatory amino acids, is an excellent formulation for restoring healthy homeostatic balance to the endogenous opioid system, using the body's endorphins to reduce emotional and physical distress, and through synergistic and homeostatic processes, restoring positive hedonic tone. The addition of Synergistic Enhancers, such as amino acids, SSRI and SNRI agents, and non-opioid analgesics, as well as Exogenous Opioids, enhances and prolongs these therapeutic benefits. The novel principles discovered by this invention also teach a new generation of safe and effective formulations for the treatment of respiratory conditions, neuropathy, and nociceptive pain.

Highly shelf-stable electrically assisted transdermal drug delivery systems for delivering epinephrine, typically with an anesthetic such as lidocaine, are provided along with methods for making the highly shelf-stable epinephrine-containing transdermal delivery device. Highly shelf-stable packaged electrode assemblies for transdermal delivery of epinephrine also are provided.

This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions of epinephrine for delivery to the nasal mucosa and methods of treating a subject in acute severe anaphylaxis, bronchospasm or during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The composition further comprising agents, that either prevent localized degradation of epinephrine or enhance its absorption in the nasal mucosa to counter anaphylactic effects, symptoms or complications in a subject.

Described herein are formulations for fast-disintegrating epinephrine tablets which can be prepared for buccal or sublingual administration, wherein the fast-disintegrating epinephrine tablets can produce plasma epinephrine concentrations similar to those achieved by an approximately 0.3 mg epinephrine dose in the thigh (Epi-Pen).

The present invention relates to compounds for treatment that protects the endothelium, prevents pathologic thrombus formation in the microcirculation and preserves platelet number and function and thus may be related to treatment or prevention of ischemic events in patients with cardiovascular disease. The present invention is particularly useful for patients having or being at increased risk of development of an ischemic event such as an acute myocardial infarction and / or no-reflow phenomena and / or ischemia-reperfusion injury by administration of agent(s) modulating and / or preserving endothelial integrity. The compounds may be administered in combination with standard treatment of acute cardiovascular ischemic events such as Platelet inhibitors such as aspirin (ASA), Thienopyridins, GPIIb / IIIa inhibitors), Parenteral anticoagulants such as unfractioned heparin (UFH), bivalirudin, enoxaparin, and fondaparinux, Verapamil, Adenosine, Sodium nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin, Epinephrine, Beta-blockers and surgical methods such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), PCI with thrombus aspiration, PCI with stents.

The invention relates to the treatment of cardiac dysfunction. In particular, certain compounds, believed to be glucagon-GLP-1 dual agonist compounds, exert a positive inotropic effect while preserving the energy balance of the heart, and so may be superior to known inotropic agents such as dobutamine, norepinephrine and glucagon.

The present invention is directed toward particles for delivery of epinephrine to the respiratory system and methods for treating a patient in need of epinephrine. The particles and respirable compositions comprising the particles of the present invention described herein comprise the bioactive agent epinephrine, or a salt thereof, as a therapeutic agent. The particles are preferably formed by spray drying. Preferably, the particles and the respirable compositions are substantially dry and are substantially free of propellents. In a preferred embodiment, the particles have aerodynamic characteristics that permit targeted delivery of epinephrine to the site(s) of action.

Compositions and methods are provided for obtaining stabilized quinol compositions, such as catecholamine drugs (e.g., epinephrine solutions), and also for obtaining stable pharmaceutical formulations that comprise a stabilized quinol composition and a second pharmacologically active component such as a local anesthetic or other active drug ingredient having a reversibly protonated amine group. Stability is achieved through the inclusion of an appropriately selected pH buffer and a thiol agent, based on redox and pH buffering principles including pKa of the buffer and of the reversibly protonated amine group.

According to an aspect of the present invention, urological medical devices are provided, which contain one or more urologically beneficial agents selected from alpha-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers, and combinations thereof, among others. The urological devices are adapted for implantation or insertion into a subject's urinary tract, whereupon at least a portion of the urologically beneficial agent is released. Such agents are urologically beneficial, for example, in that they may relieve pain and / or discomfort associated with the medical device and / or act as stone expulsion agents (i.e., they facilitate stone passage), among other benefits. According to an aspect of the present invention, a method of treating kidney stones is provided which comprises: (a) diagnosing the presence of kidney stones within a subject and (b) implanting or inserting a urological medical device into the subject which contains at least one urologically beneficial agent. The medical device is adapted to release the at least one urologically beneficial agent in vivo in an amount effective to promote kidney stone expulsion.

A drug that inhibits NMDA receptors (such as ketamine, a surgical anesthetic) is continuously administered to patients suffering from neuropathic pain. Unless the NMDA antagonist drug has inherent safening activity, this treatment requires a “safener” drug to prevent the neurotoxic side effects of NMDA antagonists. One class of safener drugs that increase the efficacy of the treatment include alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine. The treatment lasts for several days and nights, continuously. A maximum tolerated dosage is titered for each patient, such as by observing slurring of speech, and the patient does not lose consciousness except during normal sleep. Magnesium and / or drugs that inhibit ketamine-degrading enzymes can also be used. Patients who suffered for years from chronic intractable pain emerged from this treatment with apparently permanent relief, or with lasting reductions in their levels of pain.