The invention relates to an unmanned ship movement control system and method. In the control system, a control module comprises a central controller, a heading controller, a rudder angle controller, a backing controller, a speed controller and an accelerator controller, an information collection module comprises a rudder angle sensor, a speed sensor, a heading sensor, a minigyro, a radar detector and a rudder angel compensator, a power module comprises an engine, a rudder pump device, a water-jet propulsor and a backing pump, and the control system can achieve the functions of trajectory tracking, turning rollover prevention, obstacle avoidance and backing and solves the rudder angle zero drift problem. In the control method, the heading controller is driven to continuously adjust the rudder angle of the rudder pump device through heading angle errors, and operation control of the whole navigation process is achieved; meanwhile, a speed control ring is introduced to assist in long distance target tracking, a rudder angle compensation ring is introduced to overcome rudder angle zero drift in ocean currents, and the minigyro monitors inclination of a hull so as to cooperate with the control module and the power module to achieve safe turn.