The invention discloses an image haze removal method and system based on image layer enhancement. The image haze removal method based on image layer enhancement comprises the steps that S1, the atmosphere optical value A of an original image is estimated; S2, two layers of half-inversion images are constructed according to the atmosphere optical value, and linear contrast enhancement is conducted on the two layers of half-inversion images; S3, the absolute difference values between the original image and the enhanced half-inversion images in an H channel of a CIE LCH space are calculated, the weight distribution of the enhanced half-inversion images are determined according to the absolute difference values, and the two layers of enhanced half-inversion images are fused according to the weight distribution; S4, linear enhancement is further conducted on an image obtained after image infusion, and the image with the haze removed and the increased contrast ratio is obtained finally. By the adoption of the image haze removal method based on image layer enhancement, the situations such as insufficient enhancement or color distortion appearing when a traditional image enhancement algorithm is adopted in the prior art can be effectively avoided, the clear image with the haze removed is obtained, calculation is easy, the applicability is high, and the requirements for real-time processing and application can be met.