The invention belongs to the technical field of structure / strength test and relates to an aircraft 
structural load transmission characteristic 
model test designing method. The aircraft 
structural load transmission characteristic 
model test designing method comprises the steps of, firstly, determining the scaling ratio of a model craft, and selecting materials identical to the raw materials of a prototype craft, setting a ratio of stress 
similitude of C sigma=sigma prototype / sigma model, a ratio of strain 
similitude of C epsilon=epsilon prototype / epsilon model, a ratio of displacement 
similitude of C 
delta=
delta prototype / 
delta model, and a ratio of plane force similitude of Cq=q prototype / q model; secondly, according to the theory of similarity and equation analysis methods, deriving the following similarity indexes including a geometric equation of CL*C epsilon / C delta=1, a physical equation of C epsilon / C sigma=1, a force boundary condition of Cq / C sigma=1, a concentrated force of CF / C sigma*C2L=1 and a concentrated moment of CM / C sigma*C3L=1; thirdly, ensuring no change of stress and strain in the prototype craft and the model craft, namely, C epsilon=1, C sigma=1, F prototype / F model=CF=C2L, M prototype / M model=CM=C3L, and delta prototype / delta model=C delta=CL, and ensuring identical constraints during a 
model test and exerting the following load of F model=F prototype / C2L, and M model=M prototype / C3L during model test; fourthly, according to 
physical quantity measured during the model test, inversing the 
physical quantity of the prototype craft by following the following relations including displacement of delta prototype=delta model CL, strain of epsilon prototype=epsilon model, and stress of sigma prototype=sigma model. The aircraft 
structural load transmission characteristic model test designing method can accurately and rapidly evaluate structural load transmission characteristics and reduce the design risk during aircraft scheme approachment.