146results about How to "Large active surface area" patented technology

The invention relates to a preparation method of a silicon / graphene laminar composite material for lithium ion battery cathode. The composite material adopts a laminar sandwich structure, silicon nano-particles are dispersed on each lamina of the grapheme, the laminas of the grapheme are separated from one another by the silicon nano-particles and the edges of the laminas are in lapped joint so as to constitute a laminar conductive network structure. The preparation method thereof comprises the steps of: formulating anhydrous silicon tetrachloride, surface active agent, sodium naphthalene and graphite oxide to tetrahydrofuran solution, adding the tetrahydrofuran solution into a reactor for reaction in vacuum at the temperature ranging from 380 to 400 DEG C, filtering the reactant to result in the product, and then washing, drying and heating the product to obtain the silicon / grapheme composite material. The preparation method of the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process and great easiness for industrial production; and the silicon / graphene laminar composite material prepared according to the method includes excellent conductivity, power performance, electrochemical activity and cycle stability, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing lithium ion battery cathode.

A three-element catalyst for cleaning the tail gas of car features that the cellular cordierite ceramics modified by the RE tailing mixture or transition metal oxide is ued as the first carrier, the internal and external modified alumina coating layers are used as the second carrier, and the noble metal Pt, Rh or Pd is used as its active component.

The invention provides a ternary MOF nanosheet array material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, in a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, methanol is used as a reaction solvent, a nickel salt, an iron salt, a cobalt salt and organic ligand 2-methylimidazole are added according to a ratio for mixing evenly, and a high-pressure environment is generated by heating the reaction system to prepare the ternary MOF nanosheet array material. Compared with the prior art, the product obtained by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is high in purity, good indispersibility, good in reproducibility and low in production cost, and can be controlled, and a stable and uniform morphology structure is formed by controlling the dosage and concentration of the raw materials and the reaction temperature and time. The prepared ternary MOF nanosheet array material grows on foamed nickel and can be directly used as an electrode material, so that long cycling stability and large active surface area are achieved, and the ternary MOF nanosheet array material has a potential application value in the aspect of oxygen evolution reaction.

The invention discloses a positive pole material of a lithium ion battery with a nanometer structure and a preparation method thereof. The positive pole material is in a particle type core-shell structure, a core material consists of nanometer lithium iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate or cobalt lithium oxide and graphene, and a shell material is porous carbon. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: taking lithium acetate, lithium oxalate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonia metavanadate, phosphoric acid, lithium nitrate, cobalt nitrate and graphite oxide as raw materials, adopting a sol-gel method or a ball milling method to prepare a mixture, presintering the mixture in vacuum to obtain the core material, and mixing, grinding and calcining the core material with an organic carbon source to obtain the positive pole material with the particle type core-shell structure. The positive pole material has the advantages of good conductivity, good circulating performance, high capacity, small and uniform particle size, and simple preparation process and is easy for industrialized production.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a fuel cell, comprising a step of forming a plurality of holes (10) in at least two substrates (9); each hole is in the seat of an individual fuel cell, the said holes having a particular geometry, such as a shape of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid shape. The various individual cells are then electrically connected by networks of electrical connections (11, 12) and are supplied via a reactant distribution network, the assembly formed by a substrate (9), the cells and the networks constituting a base module (9′). Finally, at least two base modules (9′) are assembled, the individual cells of each base module being positioned facing the individual cells of the adjacent base module(s).

The invention discloses a selective hydrogenation catalyst for producing biodiesel and a preparation method and application of the selective hydrogenation catalyst. The selective hydrogenation catalyst comprises a carrier and a main metal active ingredient loaded on the carrier, the main metal active ingredient accounts for 5-30% of the catalyst in weight and is one of or a combination of oxides containing Co, Mo, Ni and W, and the carrier is composed of, by weight, 1-8% of a molecular sieved, 25-65% of amorphous sial, 30-65% of alumina and 2-10% of a graphene auxiliary. The preparation method includes: disposing the carrier in a metal salt solution containing Co, Mo, Ni or / and W for soaking for 4-20 h to obtain a soaked carrier; freeze-drying and then calcining the soaked carrier to obtain the selective hydrogenation catalyst. With same carrying capacity of the carrier, active surface area represented by the carrier is large, the selective hydrogenation catalyst has more active sites, reaction temperature is lowered, and hydrogenation performance is improved.

A dearylating hydrocatalyst for preparing the kerosene-type solvent oil contains Ni, TiO2, MoO3, and optional assistance (alkali-earth metal or RE metal). Its preparing process includes such steps as as using the shaped carrier to directly carry the active components, cocatalyst and structure regulating component, in-situ sol-gel reacting, polycondensing, ageing, drying and calcining. Its advantages are low content of Ni, and high activity and stability.

The invention relates to the technical field of materials, and in particular disclosesa three-dimensional graphene modification-based plastic composite material. The three-dimensional graphene modification-based plastic composite material is prepared from 95 percent to 99.9 percent by weight of a plastic base material and 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight of three-dimensional graphene. The three-dimensional graphene is a three-dimensional structure assembling body of a two-dimensional graphene sheet, has excellent electrical conductivity, heat conductivity and mechanical properties of graphene, also has unique properties, such as flexibility, porosity, highly active surface area and the like, and can tightly contact with abase material, so that the three-dimensional graphene can be uniformly distributed in the plastic base material, and the electrical conductivity, the heat conductivity and the mechanical properties of plastic products are enhanced.

The invention relates to a modified foamed nickel supported noble metal catalyst hydrogen evolution electrode and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating foamed nickel; (2) by taking the pretreated foamed nickel as an anode, a platinum sheet as a cathode, and an alcohol-water mixed solution of an ammonium salt as electrolyte, performing anode oxidation retreatment so as to obtain a modified foamed nickel substrate; and (3) putting the modified foamed nickel substrate into a precursor homogeneous solution with noble metal elements, performing heating treatment, and performing in-situ growth on the noble metal elements on the surface of the modified foamed nickel. The foamed nickel used in the electrode is rich in source, the electrode preparation process is simple and controllable, the equipment requirement is low, the prepared noble metal catalyst is small in granule size, uniform in dispersion and solid in combination with substrates, the loading amount of noble metal granules on the modified foamed nickel substrate is low, the raw material cost can be reduced, and t he prepared electrode has excellent electro-catalysis hydrogen evolution activity and stability in water decomposition and has significant application prospects.

The invention provides a method for preparing trimethylolpropane by adopting a hydrogenation method. The method comprises the following steps: performing aldol condensation reaction between n-butanal and a formaldehyde aqueous solution to form a solution containing 2,2-dimethylolbutyraldehyde; performing hydrogenation reaction on the solution containing 2,2-dimethylolbutyraldehyde and hydrogen under the action of a hydrogenation catalyst to obtain a solution containing a product namely trimethylolpropane, wherein the solution containing 2,2-dimethylolbutyraldehyde contains 0.5-3wt% of 2-aldehydemethyl-2-hydroxymethyl butyl methyl ether, and is used as a basic reference. According to the method provided by the invention, a byproduct namely trimethylolpropane methyl ether type substance, which is generated in the process of preparing trimethylolpropane by adopting the hydrogenation method in which the components of the hydrogenation catalyst are used for performing hydrogenation decomposition directly, is optimized, so that the yield of trimethylolpropane is improved.

The invention discloses lead-acid storage battery cathode diachylon made of a high-activity carbon material and a preparation method of the lead-acid storage battery cathode diachylon. The preparationmethod comprises the following steps: (1) dispersing 0.2-0.8g of short carbon fibers into deionized water; (2) grinding 500g of lead oxide and 1.5-4.0g of the high-activity carbon material for 4-6min, sequentially adding 3.5-5g of barium sulfate, 0.5-1g of lignin, 3.5-5.5g of TiO2, 0.5-1.5g of humic acid and the dispersed short carbon fibers into the mixture of the lead oxide and the high-activity carbon material, and stirring the mixture for 10-12min; (3) adding 40-43g of sulfuric acid with the density of 1.4g / cm<3> drop by drop, and regulating the consistency of the diachylon with 50-65g ofdeionized water, so that the apparent density of the diachylon is 4.3-44g / cm<3>. According to the cathode diachylon, the porosity and the acid absorption value of a cathode plate can be increased, sothat sulfate ions can be diffused favorably, and the active surface area of an electrode is increased. Therefore, the chemical reaction of the electrode is performed more smoothly, and the cycle lifeof a lead-acid storage battery is prolonged.

The invention belongs to the field of flexible wearable energy storage equipment, and relates to a preparation method of a high-capacity linear supercapacitor electrode based on MXene / PANI. After thata MXene dispersion liquid is mixed with a hydrochloric acid solution of aniline in proportion, self-assembly is carried out at a low temperature to generate an MXene / PANI composite material, a smallamount of deionized water is added into the MXene / PANI composite material, ground into slurry, and coated on a glass plate to prepare a composite film, freeze drying is carried out, an adhesive tape is used to implement stripping, and a motor carries out twisting to prepare the film into a linear electrode. According to the linear supercapacitor, the MXene material and the PANI material can show extra pseudocapacitance in the acid electrolyte, and compared with an electrode structure which is too tight in wet spinning, the electrode has richer pores after mechanical twisting, and a higher active surface area is brought. In addition, the problems of high brittleness and poor mechanical properties after MXene film formation are solved.

The invention discloses a selective hydrogenation catalyst for producing biological aviation kerosene and a preparation method and an application thereof. The catalyst comprises a carrier and a main metal active component; the main metal active component is loaded on the carrier; the main active metal component accounts for 0.05-1.15 wt% of the catalyst finished product and is Pt or / and Pd; the carrier comprises the raw materials by the weight percentage: 2-10% of molecular sieve, 25-65% of amorphous silicon aluminum, 30-65% of alumina and 2-10% of a graphene auxiliary agent. The method comprises the steps: placing the carrier in a solution containing Pt and / or Pd metal salts, and immersing for 4-20 h, to obtain a carrier after impregnation; and drying the carrier obtained after impregnation, and then treating the dried carrier in a reducing atmosphere, to obtain the selective hydrogenation catalyst. Under the same loading capacity, the selective hydrogenation catalyst has larger representative active surface area and more active sites, reduces the reaction temperature, and improves the hydrogenation performance.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a magnetic electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneously detecting two tumor markers based on a metal substrate sign, relates to the field of preparation of immunosensors for rapidly and sensitively detecting two tumor markers of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) simultaneously, and in particular to a magnetic electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneously detecting two tumor markers on the basis of ionic compound signs. The advantages that magnetic dopamine nanoparticles are large in active surface and are easy to separate are taken, an appropriate end-capping reagent is selected to increase the load amount of metal ions, then an electromechancial signal can be amplified, and detection on tumor rkers can be rapid and sensitive. A modification electrode is simple and convenient to manufacture, good in stability, rapid to react, and relatively high in selectivity and sensitivity for alpha fetoprotein and carcino-embryonic antigen.

The invention relates to a pitch fume purification catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is characterized in that the catalyst employs precious metal of Pt and Pd as active components which is coated at cordierite honeycomb ceramics after a modified alumina layer is coated at the cordierite honeycomb ceramics. Preparation steps are that: cordierite honeycomb ceramics are soaked in modified slurry which is added with surface active agent, after drying and roasting for 2 to 5 hours, the obtained ceramic support which is coated with a modified alumina layer is soaked in a mixture of Pt and Pd, and the catalyst is obtained after being dried and roasted. The catalyst prepared by the invention is characterized in that: production cost is comparatively low, precious metal is mainly distributed at outer layers, thus utilization ratio is comparatively high, active surface area is large, and the catalyst can work stably at high temperature. The preparation method of the invention is characterized in that: the preparation method is easy, repetitiveness is good, purification treatment of industrial pitch fume and other organic exhaust can be realized after a cushion coat is added and a shell is made into a fume purifier; the catalyst has wide application prospect in oil or gas boilers, industrial kilns and civilian kitchen.

The invention discloses a porous gold-modified interdigital electrode as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The porous gold-modified interdigital electrode is prepared by modifyinga surface of a common interdigital electrode with a porous gold layer, wherein the interdigital electrode is an alumina ceramic-based or polymer-based or silicon-based or metal-based interdigital electrode. The preparation method comprises the following steps: electro-depositing a gold-tin alloy layer on the surface of the interdigital electrode after treatment; removing tin in the alloy by a chemical etching method or an electrochemical etching method; washing with pure water; and drying to obtain the porous gold-modified interdigital electrode. The interdigital electrode provided by the invention has high sensitivity and stability for low-concentration biological detection and pollutant monitoring, and can be used for biological detection, electrochemical analysis or sensitive gas detection, and has wide application prospects.

The invention provides a method for preparing supported precious metal / zinc oxide hybrid nanometer materials, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials. The method includes supporting precious metal (mainly including palladium and platinum) on semiconductor zinc oxide in an in-situ manner by the aid of a one-step hydrothermal process. The method has the advantages that the method is simple and is low in energy consumption and high in efficiency; the supported precious metal / zinc oxide hybrid nanometer materials which are composite materials are novel in structure, experimental conditions can be changed, accordingly, the morphology of the zinc oxide which is a carrier can be adjusted, precious metal particles with small sizes can be uniformly dispersed on the carrier without agglomeration, the supported precious metal / zinc oxide hybrid nanometer materials are high in capacity, and the metal nanometer particles can intensely interact with the zinc oxide which is the carrier; as shown by experimental results, the dispersion of the Pd nanometer particles can be improved after the Pd nanometer particles are supported on the ZnO carrier in the in-situ manner, the reaction areas can be increased, and the catalytic reaction efficiency can be improved; particles of catalysts are enlarged after being supported and accordingly can be easily centrifugally recycled, the recycling performance of the Pd catalysts can be greatly improved, and the method is favorable for industrial production and market promotion of the precious metal catalysts in the aspect of Suzuki catalysis.

The invention discloses a preparation method of graphene quantum dots-sensitized urchin-like titanium dioxide photocatalytic material; the preparation method comprises: preparing nano TiO2 powder, preparing GQDs (graphene quantum dots) via thermal cracking, preparing GQDs-TiO2 and other steps. The GQDs-sensitized urchin-like TiO2 provided herein is different from conventional anatase TiO2, and is TiO2 having special spherical urchin morphology; compared with truncated octahedral morphology of the original anatase TiO2, the TiO2 has greatly improved active surface area; spatial size of urchin spikes is of submicron level, capillary effect can be generated, bonding of liquid pollutants to the catalytic surface of the TiO2 is promoted, and photocatalytic effect of the TiO2 is improved. The preparation method is low in cost, handy, and easy to use to achieve large-scale production.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a titanium dioxide modified lead dioxide electrode, and belongs to the technical field of electrode materials. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning a titanium plate, then roughening the titanium plate, steeping the titanium plate into an oxalic acid aqueous solution to remove an oxide layer, finally cleaning the titanium plate with deionized water, and blowing the titanium plate to dry; coating the treated titanium plate with a solution containing tin ions and antimony ions, carrying out sintering, and repeating the coating and sintering processes for multiple times to obtain a titanium plate with a coated middle layer; carrying out electro-deposition by using a lead plate as a negative electrode, the titanium plate as a positive electrode with the coated middle layer and a TiO2 particle-containing Pb(NO3)2 and NaF mixed solution as an electro-deposition solution, thus obtaining the electrode. The electrode preparation process is simple, convenient to operate and low in comprehensive cost; the prepared electrode fully develops the photoelectric synergistic catalytic action of TiO2 and PbO2, is outstanding in effect of degrading an azo-organic dye, and is long in service life.

The invention provides a preparation method of a novel ultrahigh-sensitive ascorbic acid biological sensing material. The method comprises the steps of heating foam nickel to 1000 DEG C in the atmosphere of H2 and Ar, introducing high-purity methanol, maintaining the temperature for 10 minutes to adsorb a carbon source, rapidly cooling the nickel to the room temperature to obtain a nickel / graphene three-dimensional network, arranging the sample in a concentrated hydrochloric acid, corroding a nickel template to obtain a self-supporting graphene three-dimensional network, depositing copper particles on the surface of the graphene in an electrochemical method, finally oxidizing the copper in a K2S2O8 and NaOH solution into copper oxide nano-flowers, and finally acquiring the three-dimensional graphene@copper oxide nano-flower biological sensing material. The sensing material prepared according to the method is excellent in electrochemical sensing property and capable of precisely detecting ascorbic acid; moreover, raw materials are cheap and are easily available, the process is simple, the yield is high, and the reproducibility is good.

The invention provides a graphene composite which comprises a graphene layer, a prussian blue layer arranged on the graphene layer and nano platinum particles arranged on the prussian blue layer. In the graphene composite, existence of prussian blue enables the nano platinum particles deposited on the prussian blue surface to have a small average particle size so as to give a larger active surface area to a catalyst; moreover, the characteristics of a prussian blue complex are also beneficial for enhancing interaction between Pt and graphene and reducing fall-off of the catalyst on the surface of an electrode so as to improve catalytic stability of the catalyst; furthermore, strong interaction exists between iron ions at the center of the prussian blue and CO, so that toxic adsorption of CO to the Pt catalyst can be reduced to a certain degree and the desorption oxidation process of CO is promoted, and thus, toxicity resistance of the catalyst is obviously improved. Therefore, the graphene composite provided by the invention has higher catalytic activity on catalytic oxidation on methanol and a stronger antitoxic effect.

The invention discloses a composite negative electrode material for sodium ion batteries and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of negative electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. The technical problem to be solved is to develop a novel negative electrode material for sodium ion batteries. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a graphene foam material; growing a carbon nano tube on the prepared graphene foam material; preparing a carbon nano tube-graphene foam composite material; carrying out surface treatment on the prepared carbon nano tube-graphene foam composite material; configuring a vanadium dioxide nanosheet reaction fluid; completely putting the prepared carbon nano tube-graphene foam composite material into the vanadium dioxidenanosheet reaction fluid; controlling reaction temperature to be 175 to 185 DEG C and reaction time to be 3 to 3.5 h; taking out a product after the reaction; washing with deionized water and ethyl alcohol for several times; drying; and annealing for 2 to 2.5 h. According to the negative electrode material for sodium ion batteries, the electrical conductivity of active substances and the energy density of the batteries are improved.

The invention discloses a construction method for a proton exchange membrane with a three-dimensional high specific surface area surface, and a high performance membrane electrode based on a proton exchange membrane. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preprocessing the proton exchange membrane; (2) mixing one or multiple types of pore-forming agent and perfluorinated sulfonic acid resinsolution which can be easily removed in water or low-boiling-point solvent, and carrying out ultrasound to form porous-layer slurry; (3) adopting a coating technology to coat one side of the proton exchange membrane layer with the porous-layer slurry to obtain a porous membrane precursor; (4) carrying out acid treatment on the porous membrane precursor, and washing with distilled water to obtainthe porous membrane used for a proton exchange membrane fuel battery. Compared with a commercial proton exchange membrane, the porous membrane prepared with the method has the advantages of regular three-dimensional porous structure and large specific surface area on a premise that membrane thickness is not obviously increased, and the performance of the final prepared membrane electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel battery is improved.

The invention discloses an iron-doped copper sulfide nanosheet material with rich defects and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps of adding a coppersalt solution into a thiourea solution, and rapidly forming a white floccule solution during stirring; mixing a ferrous salt solution with the white floccule solution under stirring, conducting stirring for 15 minutes, then transferring the solution into a reaction kettle, conducting a hydrothermal reaction for 12-15 hours at 140-160 DEG C, and conducting centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain the material. The iron-doped copper sulfide nanosheet material has the advantages that the iron-doped copper sulfide nanosheet material with the rich defects coats foamed nickel and serves as a working electrode material for electrolyzing water, the high stability and a large specific surface area are achieved, a larger activity area is provided, and therefore the water can be fast and efficiently electrolyzed.

The invention relates to a method of producing anhydrous formaldehyde through oxygen-free dehydrogenation. A copper based catalyst is employed in the method and is arranged in a quartz reaction tube, wherein the quartz reaction tube is placed in a fixed bed reactor. Before reaction, at a certain temperature, the copper based catalyst is pre-reduced with methanol or hydrogen. Under normal pressure, the methanol is fed through a constant-flux pump with inert gas as a carrier gas to carry out a reaction at 400-700 DEG C, wherein the methanol is subjected to oxygen-free dehydrogenation to obtain formaldehyde. The copper based catalyst includes, by mass, 1-20 parts of copper, 100 parts of a dealuminated molecular sieve carrier, and 0-20 parts of a co-catalyst. Chromatography detection proves that methanol conversion is 45-99% and methanol selectivity is 30-95%. The catalyst is a copper based catalyst supported on chemically-dealuminated molecular sieve. The catalyst integrates both high specific surface area of the carrier molecular sieve and high activity of the copper based catalyst, and has high catalytic activity and thermal stability, less generation of side products and simple preparation process.

The invention provides a method for preparing a conductive polymer-rare-earth complex composite electric catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, by taking 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone and a phenanthroline rare-earth metal salt as raw materials, preparing a rare-earth complex according to a precipitation method; by taking ferric trichloride and ammonium persulfate as oxidants, preparing a conductive polymer wrapped rare-earth complex according to a chemical oxidation polymerization method, centrifuging a polymerization product, washing, drying, and carbonizing at a high temperature in the presence of a nitrogen atmosphere, thereby obtaining the conductive polymer-rare-earth complex composite electric catalyst. Due to a large active surface and high conductivity, the catalyst can be applied to fuel battery oxidation reduction, oxygen separation and hydrogen separation reactions, has the characteristics of being high in catalytic activity, good in anti-toxicity property,good in stability, and the like, and is an ideal catalyst for fuel batteries.

The invention discloses a phosphorus-doped ferronickel oxide nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber composite material which is characterized in that the phosphorus-doped ferronickel oxide nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber composite material is prepared by taking nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers as a carrier and growing NiFe-LDH nanosheets on the surface of the nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers in situ. Thepreparation method comprises an annealing process and a high-temperature phosphorus doping process. The phosphorus-doped ferronickel oxide nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber composite material has the advantages of large specific surface area, good conductivity, stable physical and chemical properties, excellent electrochemical performance and the like.

The invention relates to a manufacture method of a through flow type oxide particle filtering combustor, which belongs to the car tail gas purification field and is mainly characterized in that: cordierite honeycomb ceramics made in China is modified by transition metal oxide of mixed rare earth tailings to be used as a first carrier, modified aluminum oxide is used as a second carrier, and noble metals of Pt, Rh and Pd are used as active components and are combined with a metal foam carrier coated with different modified formulations of the modified aluminum oxide, a temperature sensor, a carbon fiber particle combustor and a shell. The through flow type oxide particle filtering combustor can lead carbon particles which can not be completely combusted when the starting temperature is lower to be completely combusted, and the modified matter of the modified aluminum used as the catalyst is the rare earth tailing with low cost. The invention saves energy and protects environment.

The invention relates to an iron oxide nanorod array material growing on a foamed titanium substrate and a preparation method of the iron oxide nanorod array material. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps of mixing sodium sulfate, ferric chloride hexahydrate and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 7: 7: 7800 and stirring at the room temperature to obtain a mixed solution; transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, then immersing foam titanium subjected to ultrasonic cleaning by using a detergent, ethanol and deionized water into the mixed solution, and carrying out heat preservation at 160-170 DEG C for 4-7 hours to obtain a precursor; and putting the precursor into a tubular atmosphere furnace, and carrying out heat preservation for 2-3 hours at 430-470 DEG C in an argon atmosphere to prepare the iron oxide nanorod array material growing on the foamed titanium substrate. The method is simple in process, environmentallyfriendly and easy for industrial production, and the prepared product is high in specific capacity, good in rate capability and excellent in cycling stability.