650results about How to "Improve battery efficiency" patented technology

A fuel cell gas management system including a cathode humidification system for transferring latent and sensible heat from an exhaust stream to the cathode inlet stream of the fuel cell; an anode humidity retention system for maintaining the total enthalpy of the anode stream exiting the fuel cell equal to the total enthalpy of the anode inlet stream; and a cooling water management system having segregated deionized water and cooling water loops interconnected by means of a brazed plate heat exchanger.

Textured silicon solar cells and techniques for their manufacture utilizing metal sources to catalyze formation of randomly distributed surface features such as nanoscale pyramidal and columnar structures. These structures include dimensions smaller than the wavelength of incident light, thereby resulting in a highly effective anti-reflective surface. According to the invention, metal sources present in a reactive ion etching chamber permit impurities (e.g. metal particles) to be introduced into a reactive ion etch plasma resulting in deposition of micro-masks on the surface of a substrate to be etched. Separate embodiments are disclosed including one in which the metal source includes one or more metal-coated substrates strategically positioned relative to the surface to be textured, and another in which the walls of the reaction chamber are pre-conditioned with a thin coating of metal catalyst material.

The invention relates to a method for improving the performance of a light absorption layer of a perovskite solar cell. The method includes the steps that an additive is added into a reactant of perovskite to form a perovskite precursor solution; then a base coated with an electron transport material or a hole transport material is coated with the precursor solution in a rotating mode, and a perovskite light absorption layer film is formed after thermal treatment. The additive comprises one or more of CnH2n+1NH3B and an AB compound, wherein n is equal to 0-3, A is selected from monovalent metal, and B is F or C1 or Br or I. The light absorption layer, prepared through the method, of the perovskite solar cell enables the battery efficiency to be increased to over 10 percent from less than 6 percent. The method is simple and effective, simplifies the preparation process, and can save production cost. Therefore, the method for improving the performance of the light absorption layer of the perovskite solar cell has extremely high industrial application value.

A battery charger and method for a rechargeable battery pack which includes various elements in series with the cells to be charged, including but not limited to current control FETs, a fuse, current sense resistor, and internal series impedance of the series connected cells to be charged. The charging current Ichg flowing through these series elements reduces the voltage applied to the cells, thus lengthening charging time. A compensation voltage Vcomp, which when added to the nominal charging voltage for the series connected cells overcomes these voltage drops, facilitates more efficient charging while avoiding over-voltage damage to the cells. Three voltages representing substantially all of the voltage drops reducing the charging voltage on the cells, are summed, and the result is a compensation voltage which is utilized to change the nominal charge voltage for the battery to overcome these voltage drops.

The invention relates to an anti-reflection coating and a super-hydrophobic self-cleaning anti-reflection coating and a preparation method thereof. The anti-reflection coating is formed by a SiO2 ball-shaped nanoparticle layer with the particle size of 10-100 nm, and the surface of the coating has a rough structure. The super-hydrophobic self-cleaning anti-reflection coating is formed by providing a low surface energy substance on the surface of the anti-reflection coating, and the surface of the low surface energy substance has a rough structure. The coatings are obtained by using layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly technique. The light transmittance of the glass coated with the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning anti-reflection coating can increase to 99.1 from 91.3%, and the single-side reflectivity of the glass can reduce lowest to 0.3%. Compared with a solar cell coated with a common glass flake, a standard mono-silicon solar cell panel coated with a glass with the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning anti-reflection coating can utilize solar energy more effectively, and the efficiency can be improved to more than 6.6%.

A compositional range of fusion-formable, high strain point sodium free, silicate, aluminosilicate and boroaluminosilicate glasses are described herein. The glasses can be used as substrates for photovoltaic devices, for example, thin film photovoltaic devices such as CIGS photovoltaic devices. These glasses can be characterized as having strain points≧540° C., thermal expansion coefficient of from 6.5 to 10.5 ppm/° C., as well as liquidus viscosities in excess of 50,000 poise. As such they are ideally suited for being formed into sheet by the fusion process.

The invention provides a back contact solar battery and a preparing method of the back contact solar battery. The preparing method of the back contact solar battery includes the steps of providing a first mould slide boat and a second mould slide boat, wherein the first mould slide boat comprises first film growing areas and first shielding areas which are distributed alternatively, and the second mould slide boat comprises second film growing areas and second shielding areas which are distributed alternatively, the first film growing areas correspond to the second shielding areas, and the second film growing areas correspond to the first shielding areas. First doped amorphous silicon indication areas and second doped amorphous silicon indication areas are formed on the surfaces, with passivated layers, of monocrystalline silicon substrates through the mould slide boats, wherein the first doped amorphous silicon indication areas and the second doped amorphous silicon indication areas are opposite in doping type and crossed in distribution. By means of the preparing method, a fork structure of a back field of the back contact solar battery is achieved simply at low cost, additional manufacturing process of forming the passivated layers is needless, and the preparing method of the back contact solar battery is simplified.

An antenna layer is provided separate from an active layer in a solar cell device based on organic materials, enabling improved energy conversion in the solar cell devices by increasing the efficiency and spectral cross-section for the capture of incident light. The antenna layer may be anthracene or an anthracene derivative, for example. The antenna layer is operable to harvest light and transfer captured excitation energy to the active layer of the solar cell device using an energy transfer mechanism, wherein the charge separation and/or the formation of free carriers takes place. The antenna layer also limits the ultraviolet exposure of the active layer thus extending the operating life of the solar cell. The active layer and the antenna layer of a solar cell device may be independently optimized such that there is an increased spectral range and/or cross-section of light absorption and thus a higher photovoltaic efficiency.

For improving performance of mask ROM, bit line is multi-divided for reducing capacitance, so that multi-stage sense amps are used for reading, wherein a local sense amp receives an output from a memory cell through the bit line, and a global sense amp receives the local sense amp output. By the sense amps, a voltage difference in the bit line is converted to a time difference for differentiating data “1” and data “0”. For example, data “1” is quickly transferred to an output latch circuit through the sense amps with high gain, but data “0” is rejected by a locking signal based on data “1” as a reference signal. Furthermore, a buffered data path is used for transferring data wherein the buffered data path includes a forwarding write line and a returning read line. Additionally, alternative circuits and memory cell structures for implementing the mask ROM are described.

An adhesion layer containing a second solid polymer electrolyte is disposed between a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and a fuel electrode and/or an oxidant electrode containing a first solid polymer electrolyte and a catalyst substance. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the adhesion layer are made of the same solid polymer electrolyte. In this manner, the adhesion at the interface between the electrode surface and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is enhanced to implement the elevation of the cell characteristics and the elevation of the reliability of the cell.

A power supply apparatus and a power supply method are described, wherein the non-polar characteristics of the electrodes of a capacitor is utilized to improve the energy utilization efficiency of a battery through reciprocating switches of polarity connection between the battery and the capacitor. The voltages of the capacitors can also stay at a near constant level using the polarity reversal mechanism.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a ZnO/Cu2O heterojunction material and a ZnO/Cu2O three-dimensional structure heterojunction solar cell. The preparation method of the heterojunction material includes growing an n-type ZnO nanorod array on a substrate by a liquid phase growth method Thin film, with alkaline copper salt solution as the electrolyte, deposited at a deposition potential of -0.4~-0.6V for 60-150s, and electrochemically deposited p-type Cu2O on the surface of ZnO nanorods to form a Cu2O seed layer; with alkaline copper The salt solution is the deposition solution. Under the deposition potential of -0.05 ~ -0.3V, the Cu2O is fully filled into the gaps of the nanorod array from bottom to top by the electrochemical deposition method again to form a ZnO/Cu2O three-dimensional structure heterojunction material. The filling depth and density of the Cu2O semiconductor thin film of the invention are increased, interface defects are reduced, and the efficiency of the prepared heterojunction battery is high.

Disclosed herein is a battery module including a plurality of unit cells stacked one on another. The battery module has a cooling system that accomplishes contact type cooling by a coolant flowing through gaps (flow channels) defined between the unit cells, and the flow channels defined between the unit cells are at a predetermined angle to the flowing direction of the coolant at inlet ports of the flow channels. The contact rate of the coolant to the unit cells in the battery module is increased and a large number of turbulent flows are created by the changing the flow channel through which the coolant flows. Consequently, the occurrence of the velocity gradient of the coolant in the flow channel defined between the unit cells is prevented, and therefore, the cooling efficiency of the battery module is improved. Furthermore, a battery pack including the battery module has high cooling efficiency although the overall structure of the battery pack is not greatly changed, or a large-sized cooling fan or a string driving unit is not used. Consequently, the battery pack is preferably used as a power source for electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles.

An electrochemical cell having a cation-conductive ceramic membrane and an acidic anolyte. Generally, the cell includes a catholyte compartment and an anolyte compartment that are separated by a cation-conductive membrane. While the catholyte compartment houses a primary cathode, the anolyte compartment houses an anode and a secondary cathode. In some cases, a current is passed through the electrodes to cause the secondary cathode to evolve hydrogen gas. In other cases, a current is passed between the electrodes to cause the secondary cathode to evolve hydroxyl ions and hydrogen gas. In still other cases, hydrogen peroxide is channeled between the secondary cathode and the membrane to form hydroxyl ions. In yet other cases, the cell includes a diffusion membrane disposed between the secondary cathode and the anode. In each of the aforementioned cases, the cell functions to maintain the pH of a fluid contacting the membrane at an acceptably high level.