The invention relates to a novel nano-composite double network hydrogel and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the hydrogel comprises the steps of: performing a condensation (polycondensation) reaction of amines and epichlorohydrin or polyalcohol and aldehydes in clay solution to obtain a condensate (polycondensate)/clay composite first; and adding a hydrophilic monomer under the action of an initiator and a cross-linking agent to obtain the nano-composite double network hydrogel through free radical crosslinking polymerization, wherein in the condensation (polycondensation) reaction, the amines are selected from dimethylamine, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, diethylamine, quadrol, propylene diamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetamine and tetraethylenepentamine, the polyalcohol is selected from glycol, propanediol, glycerol, butanediol, neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, glucose, sucrose, sorbierite, soluble starch and chitosan, the aldehydes are selected from formaldehyde, malonaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, clay is selected from laponite, bentonite or hydrophilic modified bentonite, and the hydrophilic monomer is selected from acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-Isopropylacrylamide, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile and propene sulfonic acid. The novel hydrogel has the excellent mechanical strength under the condition of high moisture content.