397 results about "Microplastics" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment and relates to a micro-plastic separation method and device. The micro-plastic separation method comprises the steps that (1) settlings of field natural water are collected; (2) the settlings of the field natural water is subjected to low-temperature drying and freeze-drying, and samples to be treated are obtained; (3) after a density solution is added into the samples to be treated, sufficient stirring is conducted until the samples to be treated are completely suspended in the density solution, and a non-sediment layer and a sediment layer are formed from top to bottom after still standing; and (4) the non-sediment layer is extracted and passes through a filter film, liquid passing through the filter film is repeatedly used, and objects isolated by the filter film include but limited to micro-plastic particles in the settlings of the field natural water. The provided micro-plastic pollutant separation method and device are capable of rapidly and effectively separating and extracting the micro-plastic particles in settlings of water such as rivers and lakes.

The invention belongs to the field of pretreatment study of environmental pollutants and relates to a separating flotation device and method for micro plastics, in particular to separating flotation of micro plastic particles in the environment soil and sediment samples. The device comprises a separation reactor and a filter, and the micro plastic particles in the soil and sediment samples are subjected to separating flotation with aeration and overflow methods. The device is simple, simple and convenient to operate, low in time consumption and efficient, and defects of tedious operation and high time consumption of a traditional micro plastic separating flotation method are overcome. Besides, a separating flotation solution is efficient, economical and recyclable, and environmental pollution is reduced while cost is saved.

The invention discloses a method for quantitatively analyzing enrichment and distribution of micro plastics in aquatic organisms and belongs to the field of environment pollutant detection. The method is a method for quantitatively analyzing micro plastics in aquatic organisms based on the fluorescence tracer technology. The method includes the steps that tested fluorescent micro plastics and mode aquatic organisms are selected for poisoning experiments; target tissue samples are acquired; tissue is decomposed through nitric acid, and the volume of obtained decomposition liquid is made constant; fluorescent micro plastics turbid solutions in different concentration gradients are prepared, and a standard curve is obtained through fluorescence values measured by a fluorescence spectrometer; the fluorescent value of a sample solution is measured, and the content of micro plastics in the corresponding tissue samples is obtained based on the standard curve. By means of the technical scheme, micro plastics ingested in aquatic organisms can be accurately and quantitatively measured, and the purpose of detecting enrichment and distribution of micro plastics in aquatic organisms is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for detecting density distribution of micro-plastics in soft tissues of marine organisms, and belongs to the field of micro-plastics in fish or bivalve organism samples. The method for detecting the density distribution of the micro-plastics in the soft tissues of the marine organisms comprises the following steps of selecting the fish or bivalve organisms with similar individuals, washing the fish or bivalve organisms with pure water to prepare digestive tract or soft tissue samples, and recording the weights; preparing a digestion solution for digesting the prepared samples, and obtaining a mixed digestion solution; adding NaCl into the mixed solution to carry out density flotation; and carrying out microscopic examination on particles subjected to flotation, selecting the suspected particles to be subjected to analysis of a microscopic-Fourier spectrometer and the like, performing counting after the particles are identified as the micro-plastics, andperforming calculation to obtain the density distribution of the micro-plastics. According to the method, the micro-plastics in the digestive tracts or the soft tissues of the marine organisms can beaccurately quantified, thereby providing basic data for the pollution condition of the micro-plastics in an area.

The invention discloses a flotation gathering device and a screening method for microplastics. The basic principle is that the difference of adhesion characteristics of bubbles on hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials can be changed based on a biosurfactant, and a high-density flotation solution can improve the separation effect on the high-density microplastics. The device comprises a flotation solution storage device, a separation pipe, an aeration device and a suction filtration device, wherein the aeration system is used for generating ascending gas to strengthen stirring of the system, and microplastics are coated with small bubbles to be rapidly separated. After standing, the flotation solution is pushed by a flotation solution system to overflow from an upper opening, and the separation performance of the microplastics is improved. The microplastic flotation separation device disclosed by the invention is simple and easy to operate, high in recovery rate of microplastic particlefragments, recyclable in flotation liquid, high in practicability and low in cost, and can be widely applied to gathering and screening of environmental microplastics.

The invention discloses a method and device for extracting microplastics in dewatered sludge. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out freeze-drying homogenization on the dewatered sludge, then adding a density solution and stirring to obtain turbid liquid, and standing until the turbid liquid is layered completely; transferring microplastics particles which float in a non-precipitating layer to a filter membrane under the effect of an air pump, and rapidly collecting the microplastics particles; continuously adding the density solution into a filter flask and keeping the solution parallel and level to a suction nozzle, and then washing a pipe for several times to transfer the microplastics particles adhered to the wall of the pipe to the filter membrane; adding the intercepted microplastics particles into a hydrogen peroxide solution, and carrying out shock reaction to remove organic matter impurities in the sludge; and drying to remove residual liquid, and cooling to obtain the final microplastics particles. The method has the advantages that the microplastics particles in the dewatered sludge are extracted on the basis of a density separation principle, and the method is rapid and simple to operate, low in sample demand quantity, high in microplastics particle recycling rate, good in reproducibility, high in practicality and widely applicable to ecological environment risk researches of the microplastics in the dewatered sludge.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a method for separating microplastics in environmental soil or sediment based on a combination of flotation and centrifugation. The method includes the following steps that sampling is conducted, specifically, soil or a sediment sample is dried and divided into specifications of less than 1 mm, 1-5 mm, and greater than 5 mm; pre-digestion is conducted, specifically, a digestion solution is added, and still standing for digestion is conducted after stirring is conducted; the flotation is conducted, specifically, a flotation solution is added, and still standing is conducted after stirring is conducted; overflowing is conducted, specifically, and the flotation solution is continually accessed to make upper layer liquid overflow; centrifugation is conducted, specifically, and the overflow liquid is centrifuged at 4000r/min; suction filtration is conducted, specifically, supernatant is subjected to the suction filtration; re-digestion is conducted, specifically, a filter membrane is taken out, the digestion solution is added for continual digestion, and then drying is conducted; and finally, microscopic analysis is performed, and abundance is calculated. According to the method for separating the microplastics in the environmental soil or the sediment based on the combination of the flotation and the centrifugation, the enrichment and concentration abilities are improved, and the disadvantages of tedious operation, unclean separation, and low recovery rate of a traditional microplastic separation and flotation method are overcome.

The invention discloses a mobile marine micro-plastic recovery vessel and a marine micro-plastic recovery method thereof. The mobile marine micro-plastic recovery vessel includes a main vessel body; the main vessel body includes a cabin, vessel sides and a deck and further includes a micro-plastic recovery device and a drive device; the micro-plastic recovery device includes a water passing channel, a micro-plastic recovery assembly, a water inlet and a water outlet, wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are formed in a bow and a stern respectively; the water passing channel is formed in the cabin, and the two ends of the water passing channel are communicated with the water inlet and the water outlet respectively; the micro-plastic recovery assembly is arranged on the water passingchannel, and the drive device drives the main vessel body to steer forwards. The mobile marine micro-plastic recovery vessel can rapidly and effectively collect micro-plastic floating on the water surface, so that the collection efficiency is greatly improved, the collection time is greatly shortened, and the effective water area of collection is also increased.

A device and method for extracting micro-plastic in settlings are provided. The device includes a filter drum, a liquid storage tank, a motor, a pedestal, a screen sieve and a transmission shaft. The filter drum is mounted in the liquid storage tank. The upper port of the filter drum is provided with the screen sieve. The liquid storage tank and the motor are mounted on the pedestal. The bottom of the liquid storage tank is provided with a drainage hole communicated with the filter drum. The motor is connected to one end of the transmission shaft through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft passes through the drainage hole and is connected to the bottom of the filter drum. The device and the method are advantageous in that (1) dispersion effects of muddy settlings and elution effects of a sample are obviously improved; (2) the recovery rate of the sample is increased, (3) the extraction efficiency is greatly increased, (4) extraction time is shortened and (5) labor is saved.

The invention provides a method for detecting density distribution of micro-plastics in marine sediments, belongs to the field of detecting micro-plastics in sediment samples. The invention provides amethod for detecting density distribution of micro-plastics in water environment sediments. The invention remedies the limitations of single flotation fluid on the separation type of microplastics and the cost of pretreatment for high density flotation by using 0.9 to 1.2 g/cm3 of NaCl and 1.20 to 1.55 g/cm3 of KI solution to perform a flotation processing on samples separately, and can separatehigh density microplastics; The invention visually detects suspected micro-plastic particles through a microscope, and then performs a micro-Fourier infrared analysis to improve the accuracy of singleidentification. The calculation of the density distribution of microplastics is highly accurate and simple, and can be applied to the study of density distribution characteristics in a variety of water environment sediments.

The invention relates to a method for detecting microplastics in an organism. The method comprises steps as follows: S110, digestion: an organism sample is soaked in nitric acid with the concentrationof 50%-70% at the room temperature for 6-18 h, heated to 60-95 DEG C and maintained for 1-4 h, and a digested organism sample is obtained; S120, degreasing: the organism sample obtained in S110 is washed with a surfactant at the temperature of 60-95 DEGC and subjected to suction filtration while hot, and degreased microplastics are obtained; S130, the degreased microplastics obtained in S120 arewashed with water at the temperature of 60-95 DEGC and subjected to suction filtration, and the cleaned microplastics are obtained. By means of the method, qualitative and quantitative detection can be rapidly and accurately performed on the microplastics entering the organism, the purpose of enrichment and distribution of the microplastics in the organism is achieved, and a practical tool is provided for environment monitoring.

The invention relates to a system for graded collection of micro-plastics in a water body and synchronous monitoring of water body parameters and belongs to the technical field of an environmental monitoring device. The device comprises a mobile platform, a lead fish, a water depth measurement device, a liquid level sensing device, a water temperature sensing device, a flow velocity measurement device, a water collecting device, a micro-plastic graded filtering device and a collection control device, wherein the mobile platform comprises an installation platform, a power part and a cable winding and unwinding part, two ends of a cable winding and unwinding part are connected with a power part and the lead fish respectively, the water collecting device comprises a vacuum pump and a liquid collecting pipe, the vacuum pump is arranged in the lead fish and connected with the micro-plastic graded filtering device through the liquid collecting pipe, the water depth measurement device, the liquid level sensing device, the water temperature sensing device and the flow velocity measurement device are fixed on the lead fish, and the acquisition control device is used for displaying and storing data. The device is advantaged in that micro-plastics in flowing or static water bodies with different depths can be collected in an in-situ fixed-point grading manner, water body parameters are synchronously monitored, sampling efficiency is improved, and influence of external factors such as water flow is reduced.

The invention discloses a pretreatment method for identifying micro plastic in seafood products. The pretreatment method comprises the following steps: putting a seafood product or soft tissue of the seafood product into a culture dish, and performing vacuum drying for 3-6 hours at 35-45 DEG C so as to obtain sample to be treated; putting a certain amount of the sample into a flask, and putting an acid mixed solution of HCLO-4 and H2O2 into the flask; heating the flask on a heating plate of 45-55 DEG C, recording the time and observed phenomena when the state of the sample inside the flask is changed, and heating till the sample inside the flask is completely dissolved; cooling to the room temperature, performing ultrasonic treatment, and performing floating separation; moistening and washing micro plastic granules obtained through floating separation, drying naturally, putting into a glass test tube, and detecting by using an FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum), thereby identifying the structure and the type of the micro plastic. The pretreatment method is simple and reasonable to operate, instrument equipment used in the method is simple to operate and easy to observe, and a reasonable and effective method is provided for solving the problem of micro plastic upon environment and food security closely related to living of people.

The invention discloses a device and method for acquiring microplastic in surface layer water. The device is characterized by comprising an upper wood frame and a lower wood frame which are identical in frame surface shape and size, wherein the upper wood frame and the lower wood frame are fixedly connected, a steel wire mesh is arranged between the upper wood frame and the lower wood frame, the upper wood frame is formed by four cross rods, balance weight grooves for placing balance weight objects are formed in the centers of at least one pair of symmetrical cross rods, the sum of the overall gravity of the microplastic acquiring device and the gravities of the balance weight objects is rightly equal to the buoyancy produced by the lower wood frame in liquid, and the steel wire mesh is a quadrangle having the hole diameter of 1-2 mm<2>. The device has the advantage that a surface layer water sample of a water body can be rapidly and effectively acquired.

The invention provides a method for adsorbing polystyrene microplastics in water by adopting three-dimensional graphene. According to the invention, the polystyrene microplastics are taken as a targetobject, three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide is taken as an adsorbent, and the three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide after freeze drying forms a three-dimensional porous structure, so that more adsorption sites can be provided for the target object. The method adopts a very small amount of the three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide to adsorb the polystyrene microplastics, and the adsorption effect is very considerable in a short time. The feasibility and application prospect of the three-dimensional graphene as an adsorption material in the treatment of microplastics pollution in thewater are verified, and a new idea is provided for the treatment of the microplastics in the water.

The invention discloses a separation method of submicron microplastic at water environment or in marine products. The separation method comprises following steps: sodium dodecyl sulfate is added intoa sample liquid for uniform ultrasonic dispersion, an obtained mixture is allowed to stand so as to obtain three layers including a suspension layer, a solution layer, and a precipitation layer from top to bottom, the middle solution layer is removed through siphoning, and a leftover is collected; 2 to 3 volume times of absolute ethyl alcohol is added into the leftover, ultrasonic treatment is carried out, an obtained product is allowed to standing so as to obtain two layers, an upper solution layer is removed through siphoning, and a lower layer substance is collected; the collected lower layer substance is introduced into a flat bottom vessel, 1 to 3 volume times of absolute ethyl alcohol is added for uniform mixing, an obtained mixed material is allowed to standing so as to obtain two layers, an obtained upper layer liquid is removed via suction, and at last natural air drying is carried out so as to obtain the submicron microplastic in the sample liquid through separation. The separation method can be used for rapid, accurate separation extraction of submicron microplastic particles in samples; pumping filtration, centrifugation, or drying is not needed; operation is simple; cost is low; and technology support is provided for subsequent accurate quantitative determination.

The invention provides a system for synchronously collecting multi-particle size microplastic samples in water bodies of different depths. The system comprises a floater, a sinker and a vertical fracture surface connecting rope, wherein the floater is installed at an upper end of the vertical fracture surface connecting rope, the sinker is installed at a lower end of the vertical fracture surfaceconnecting rope, a plurality of microplastic sample collectors are uniformly distributed on the vertical fracture surface connecting rope, the microplastic sample collectors comprise active collectorsand passive collectors and are fixedly installed on the vertical fracture surface connecting rope through collector fixing parts, the upper end of the vertical fracture surface connecting rope is provided with a dragging rope, the other end of the dragging rope is installed on a dragging ship, and the dragging rope can be used for guaranteeing that the vertical fracture surface connecting rope keeps a vertical state during sampling. When used for collecting samples, the system can be used for synchronously collecting the microplastic samples of different depths and different particle sizes, the collection efficiency is improved, and the collection time is shortened.

The invention discloses a separation device and a separation method for separating micro-plastic and cellulose crystals in soil. The separation device comprises a sample preparation system, a gradingand separating system, a grading and collecting system and a circulating system, wherein the sample preparation system is used for preparing soil turbid liquid; the grading and separating system is used for enabling the soil turbid liquid to flow into the grading and separating system through a pipeline, and grading and separating are carried out in a hierarchical separation system; the grading and collecting system is used for independently collecting and temporarily storing the components contained in various soil separated by grading; and the circulating system is used for recovering the solution of the grading and separating system and the grading and collecting system, and conveying the solution to a sample preparation system for cyclic utilization. According to the separation deviceand the separation method for separating the micro-plastic and the cellulose in the soil are separated from each other, grading and layered separation can be carried out on the components in the soil,and the accuracy and effectiveness of soil research are improved; and the sample preparation solution can be recycled, the experiment raw materials are saved, and the soil separation efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a microplastic sampling column, which comprises a main column, a filter screen, an upper end cap, and a lower end cap, wherein the upper end cap and the lower end cap are detachably connected to the top and bottom of the main column, forming a cylindrical cavity, and the filter screen is arranged on the bottom of the cavity. A microplastic collection device comprises the microplastic sampling column, a surface water sampler, a suction pump, a flowmeter, a changeover valve, and an electric control system. Microplastic can be collected at large flow by the microplastic collection device. According to an in-situ digestion method for microplastic collection, the main column which finishes sampling is put into a sleeve, an oxidant solution is added, the sleeve is sealedby a sleeve cover, and after standing, washing and drying, the microplastic can be identified. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively enrich the microplastic in water, and comparedwith conventional methods, the invention increases the precision of microplastic detection by one to two orders of magnitude; the in-situ digestion method does not need to transfer enriched sample out first, consequently, errors are reduced, and the time of pretreatment is shortened.

The invention relates to a microplastics flotation separation device. The microplastics flotation separation device comprises a high water tank, a reactor, a sedimentation basin, an open channel and afilter which communicate with one another in sequence. A valve is arranged between the high water tank and the reactor, a valve is arranged between the reactor and the sedimentation basin, and a valve is arranged between the sedimentation basin and the open channel. The high water tank is loaded with water. A stirring device is arranged in the reactor. The filter is connected with an air pump used for applying negative pressure and comprises a filter bowl communicating with the open channel, a liquid collection device used for receiving filtered liquid, and a filter film arranged between thefilter bowl and the liquid collection device. The liquid collection device is connected with the air pump. The flotation separation device is targeted, and thus microplastics can be separated from samples more effectively; the microplastics flotation separation device is high in separation efficiency, and the microplastics separation rate can reach 90% of above; and distilled water is used as a solvent, and the environmental friendliness is high.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental science, and discloses a microplastic labeled by long-persistence luminescent nano particles, a preparation method and application. The method includes the steps that 1, the long-persistence luminescent nano particles are dispersed in organic solvent to obtain long-persistence luminescent nano particles dispersion liquid; 2, plastic macromolecules are dissolved in organic solvent to obtain a plastic macromolecule solution; 3, the long-persistence luminescent nano particles dispersion liquid and the plastic macromolecules solution are evenly mixed to obtain mixed dispersion liquid; 4, under stirring conditions, the mixed dispersion liquid is added into a dispersion medium aqueous solution dropwisely, and after dropwise adding, stirring is continued to obtain dispersion liquid of microplastic particles labeled by the long-persistence luminescent nano particles, or the microplastic particles labeled by the long-persistence luminescent nano particles are separated from the dispersion liquid. The method is simple, the product is stable in structure and good in luminescence performance, no background fluorescence disturbance exists, and the sensitivity is high; the microplastic labeled by the long-persistence luminescent nano particles, the preparation method and the application have potential application values in the fields of environmental effects of microplastics and bioluminescence imaging.

The invention provides a rapid detection method for the content of micro-plastics in a water body and application, and belongs to the field of environmental pollutant detection. The invention discloses a digestion solution for separating micro-plastics in a water body sample. The digestion solution comprises 10-13 g/L of potassium hydroxide, 0.4-0.8 g/L of sulfathiazole sodium and 0.1-0.7 g/L of naphthylacetamide. The digestion solution can quickly and mildly digest organic impurities in a sample, can avoid mass loss while improving the digestion efficiency, and can protect functional groups of micro-plastics from being damaged in the digestion process. The invention further discloses a method for quantitatively detecting the micro-plastics in the water body based on the TGA-FTIR technology. The method comprises setting of instrument condition parameters, blank determination, drawing of a micro-plastic quantitative standard curve and sample detection. The method can be used for detecting the content of polyamide and polystyrene micro-plastic in a water body, and is simple, convenient and rapid to operate and high in accuracy.

The invention relates to a microplastic detection apparatus based on dielectric constant identification. The microplastic detection apparatus comprises a feeder, a hopper, a material adding device, acapacitance measurement apparatus, and a collection tank; the hopper is arranged below the feeder, the feeder is connected with an end of the hopper, the capacitance measurement apparatus and the collection tank are arranged below the feeder in order, and the capacitance measurement apparatus is positioned over the collection tank. The microplastic detection apparatus has the advantages of simpleoperation, strong anti-interference capability, and high detection efficiency. The microplastic detection apparatus can be widely used in the technical fields of environment monitoring and identification detection of the microplastic in an environment medium.