The invention discloses a method for identifying lithological characters of sedimentary rocks by utilizing element logging. The method consists of the following steps: a, processing element logging data and converting the element logging data into percentage content; b, by utilizing percentage of content of a clastic sensitive element and a carbonate sensitive element, distinguishing two types of rocks of a carbonate rock and a clastic rock; c, in the carbonate rock type, calculating calcium sulfate content, magnesium calcium carbonate content and calcium carbonate content; d, in the clastic rock type, calculating sand content and shale content; e, carrying out normalization processing on the calculated content of calcium sulfate, magnesium calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sand and shale to respectively calculate content of gypsum, dolomite, lime, sand and shale so as to determine the lithological characters according to the content of gypsum, dolomite, lime, sand and shale. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the element logging measured data is used as parameters, and a set of lithological character identification model is established by analyzing chemical ingredients and rock forming principles of various lithological characters, so that the effect of distinguishing the lithological characters while drilling of element logging is realized.