The invention discloses a signal reproduction type integrated circuit board failure detection device which is composed of two portions including a hardware portion and a circuit portion. The hardware portion comprises a housing, alternating current connection wires, a power switch, a USB interface, a SD card interface, a circuit board interface to be detected, an integrated board, keys, a display screen, and a power indicator light. The circuit portion comprises a power circuit, a multi-channel signal acquisition and reproduction circuit and a master control circuit. The master control circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer, a display device, a USB interface, a storage device and the like. The multi-channel signal acquisition and reproduction circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer, an A/D conversion and D/A conversion circuit, a signal amplification circuit and the like. The device is used to acquire signals of a standard circuit board, and the acquire input signal is reproduced onto a corresponding input channel of a failure integrated circuit board, and at the same time, the input/output signal conditions of the failure integrated circuit board are acquired, so that from the input/output signal abnormal conditions, the position of a failure can be judged without knowing the internal structure of the integrated circuit board, so the maintenance speed can be greatly quickened, and the maintenance difficulty can be simplified.