The invention relates to a preparation method of an HRB500E niobium-containing titanium alloy deformed steel bar, and relates to the technical field of alloy steel. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step a, controlling, by a central control module, a molten iron pouring device to add a preset volume of molten iron into a converter; step b, adding waste steel, a niobium-titanium alloy and quick lime into the converter; step c, carrying out first-time converter smelting to generate molten steel; step d, carrying out first detection on the molten steel generated by the first smelting; step e, adding the molten iron into the converter, carrying out secondary smelting, and carrying out secondary detection on molten steel obtained after secondary smelting is completed; step f, controlling, by the central control module, the molten iron pouring device to add the molten iron into the converter for third-time smelting, and detecting the molten steel obtained after third-time smelting for the third time; and step g, carrying out argon blowing, continuous casting, rolling and heat treatment sequentially on the molten steel with the carbon content meeting the requirement after third-time detection. According to the method, the quality of the produced deformed steel bar is effectively improved.