The invention provides a movable and combined subsurface constructed wetland treatment device and method. The device comprises an outer net, an inner net, a separating and filtering net, a ring buckle and a filler layer, wherein the outer net is arranged on the outermost side; the inner net is closely attached to the outer net; the separating and filtering net is closely attached to the inner net and filled with filler; the ring buckle is arranged in the center of the top of the outer net; and plants are planted on the surface of the filler layer. The devices can be connected in parallel to form a single treatment pool system, and multiple treatment pools can be connected in series to form a multi-treatment-pool system; the devices can also be produced in batches in advance, plants are planted, microorganisms are tamed, and the devices can be installed immediately and work immediately when necessary. The system performs purification treatment on sewage through multiple effects such as sedimentation, filtration, chemical precipitation, adsorption, decomposition, microbial metabolism, plant metabolism, plant root absorption and the like, has the advantages that the system is not limited by sites, capable of being produced in a modularized manner and operated in a combined manner, reproducible, removable, replaceable, convenient to manage and maintain, low in cost and the like, and is broad in application prospect.