131 results about "Environmental media" patented technology

An encapsulated reactant(s) having at least one encapsulant and at least one reactant. An outermost encapsulant is substantially nonreacting, impermeable and nondissolving with water. The reactant(s) contribute to at least one reaction with contaminants in environmental media rendering the environmental media less harmless. Processes for using the encapsulated reactant in environmental media is also hereby claimed.

A method for assessing and managing health risks of heavy metal pollution. The method includes: 1) investigation and analysis of environmental pollution; 2) population exposure analysis; 3) risk assessment and representation; 4) risk perception and estimate of acceptable level of risk; 5) identification of an overall boundary of risk management; 6) identification of priority pollutants; and 7) identification of a key population and a key managing point. The method panoramically analyzes the health risk taking into account multiple sources, multiple environmental media, multiple exposure routes, and multiple receptors. The method also integrates the risk assessment, public risk perception, public acceptable risk level, and risk management to establish a comprehensive risk management strategy.

The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic nanometer materials, in particular to a method for preparing shell-core micrometer/nanometer spheres capable of preventing functional materials. The method comprises the step of coating a compact silicon dioxide shell layer on the surfaces of the traditional micrometer/nanometer spheres wrapping functional materials to seal and protect the functional materials with an anti-leakage ratio of 98 percent. The shell layer of silicon dioxide is easy to modify by introducing rich chemical functional groups and convenient to couple biomacromolecules in the field of biomedicines. The shell-core micrometer/nanometer spheres, prepared by the method, have the advantages of avoiding the damage caused by the infiltration of the environmental medium into the micrometer/nanometer spheres to the properties of the functional materials, avoiding the direct contact with the bioactive materials, introducing the rich chemical functional groups to the surfaces of the micrometer/nanometer spheres, and being conveniently crosslinked with biological proteins and nucleic acid molecules, along with smooth surfaces and little non-specific adsorption; and the preparation method has the advantages of simpleness, easy operation, strong operability, good repeatability, and low cost. The shell-core micrometer/nanometer spheres coated with silicon dioxide are stable in performance and long in holding time, and can be widely applied in biochemical analysis fields of biological marking, biological separation, cell imaging and development, biological sensors and the like.

The invention relates to a digital nuclear facility environmental radiation monitoring system. The digital nuclear facility environmental radiation monitoring system comprises a control device and field measuring devices. The control device comprises a central station. The field measuring devices include an environmental medium sampler, a meteorological sensor and a radiation detector. The radiation detector is a digital NaI (TI) spectrometer internally provided with a high-range dosage rate detector. The environmental medium sampler, the meteorological sensor and the digital NaI (TI) spectrometer are connected with a local industrial computer, measuring signals and sampling signals are transmitted to the local industrial computer which is connected with the central station in a wired communication mode and in a wireless communication mode, and the central station remotely monitors the working state of all the field measuring devices. According to the system, nuclide recognition can be carried out while a radiation dose rate gamma is given, communication is reliable, the bandwidth is high, interference is not likely to happen, and the data acquiring rate of the system can be guaranteed.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide solid-chemical compositions and methods and means for their use which specifically: (1) provide for a sustained release of active oxygen and complex inorganic phosphates; and (2) create, enhance, and maintain oxidizing and aerobic conditions which favor non-exothermic, chemical-oxidation processes and aerobic bioremediation and fungal bioremediation processes. The present invention discloses advanced solid-chemical compositions and methods for the non-exothermic chemical oxidation and aerobic and fungal biodegradation of organic compounds and certain inorganic contaminants which may be present in solid and liquid wastes, sludges, leachates, acid-mine drainages, waste waters, soils, sediments, ground waters, surface waters, and other environmental media. The preferred embodiments of the disclosed solid-chemical compositions are prepared and used in the forms of granules, briquettes, tablets, capsules, pellets, and the like, which among other advantages, are easier to handle and apply under typical field conditions. These preferred forms of the disclosed chemical compositions can be made to disintegrate subsequent to their application and/or upon contact with water in a significant and predictable manner via relatively minor variations in their formulation and manufacture. This improved functionality enables the time-dependent release profile(s) of the active-oxygen sources and other ingredients to be varied so as to optimize the remediation of contaminants based on site-specific factors or factors pertaining to the specific waste-stream, media and/or the contaminants therein. Organic contaminants which can be treated using this invention include many different types of petroleum products, and more recalcitrant contaminants such as PCBs, PAHs and pesticides can be degraded by using the disclosed compositions and methods to stimulate fungal biodegradation processes. This invention can also be used to treat inorganic contaminants such as the acids and metals present in acid-mine drainage (AMD).

The present invention discloses a uniform light emitting lamp structure including a lamp holder, an electric connection portion and a planar portion disposed on both end surfaces of the lamp holder respectively, and the planar portion includes a circuit board electrically coupled to the electric connection portion. The lamp structure further includes an LED light source, a lamp cover and a light guide column with a refractive index n₁. After the light of the LED light source is projected from an environmental medium with a refractive index n₂ to the light guide column, a portion of the light is reflected from the critical plane in a direction corresponding to the lamp holder through reflections and refractions, such that the light of the LED light source is projected in the environmental medium to achieve the uniform light emitting effect.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a biological carbon adsorbent for repairing organic pollution. The method comprises the steps of (1) air-drying waste biomass and then grinding; (2) in presence of nitrogen, heating up biomass particles to 420-580 DEG C for carbonizing the biomass particles to obtain biological carbon for repairing organic pollution. The biological carbon adsorbing material which is rich in aromatic base functional groups can be used for the repair treatment of organic polluted water or organic polluted soil. The preparation method is simple in preparation technology and high in operability, and pays attention to the environmental protection cost and the economic cost during the preparation of biological carbon; aiming at an organic polluted environmental medium, biological carbon gives play to efficient repair and treatment effects.

The invention provides a heat-supply three-layer casing system based on a countercurrent heat exchange principle. A thermal fluid flows through an inner pipe, a reflux cold fluid flows through an annular space between an inner pipe and an outer pipe, thermal insulating layers are wrapped on the outer walls of the inner and outer pipes, a layer of intermediate pipe is wrapped on the thermal insulating layer of the outer wall of the inner pipe so as to absorb the expansion of the inner pipe and the outer thermal insulating layer, and a certain gap is reserved between the intermediate pipe and the thermal insulating layer of the out wall of the inner pipe. The system provided by the invention can be used for overcoming the problems that the outer wall surfaces of the cold and heat pipes radiate heat to the surrounding medium in the traditional heat-supply process, the lost heat of the thermal fluid are all brought back by the cold fluid, and only the cold fluid radiates heat to the surrounding medium through the outer pipe; and the temperature gradient of the outer wall of a cold fluid pipe and the environment medium is smaller than that of the outer pipe wall of the thermal fluid and the environmental medium in the traditional mode, thus the heat dissipation with a larger temperature difference between a thermal fluid pipe wall and the environmental medium can be avoided and the heat-dissipating loss of a heat-supply pipeline can be greatly reduced.

The invention provides a water environmental risk source risk representing method in a drainage basin transboundary region. The method is used for evaluating the risk level of a risk source of the drainage basin transboundary region. The risk source of the transboundary region is divided into five categories including a surface source, production enterprises, a centralized treatment place of waste, a chemical storing site and transportation. The method includes the fives steps that first, a risk source risk index system of the transboundary region is constructed, the risk index systems of the five categories of risk sources respectively comprise three first-level indexes and a plurality of second-level indexes, the numbers of the second-level indexes in the risk index systems are different, and the indexes comprise three risk levels of the high risk level, the middle risk level and the low risk level; an information database of the risk sources of the transboundary region is established, values are assigned to all the second-level indexes, and the values of the all the second-level indexes are standardized to [0,1]; then, fuzzy weights of the indexes are determined; next, a fuzzy integration method is adopted for respectively calculating the risk indexes of the risk sources, the self-purification index of environmental mediums, and the vulnerability index of risk receiving bodies; finally, the risk indexes of the risk sources are calculated through the fuzzy integration method so that the risk levels of the risk sources can be represented.

The invention belongs to the technical field of oilfield chemistry, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a controllable long-acting slow-release scale inhibitor capsule. According to the eight steps of loading a scale inhibitor, performing kneading and drying, preparing a carboxymethyl cellulose solution, uniformly mixing a polymer and a loaded sample, preparing a capsule, preparing a polyvinyl alcohol dispersion, coating a shell layer on the outer wall of the capsule, and performing drying, the scale inhibitor and an inorganic nano carrier which is one of the slow-release components are assembled into a homogeneous whole body in the form of a solid solution, and the outside is coated with a controllable soluble crosslinking polymer. When the polymer dissolves in an environmental medium, an active substance is gradually released. By the dual release control mechanism of the polymer dissolution and the scale inhibitor desorption from the inorganic nano carrier, the controllable slow release of the scale inhibitor in a wellbore is achieved, and thus the protective effect on the wellbore is prolonged.

The invention discloses a method for synchronously purifying and separating the organic extract of an environmental medium step by step, which belongs to the field of environmental analysis. The method comprises the following steps of: storing suspended substances of a water sample passing through a filter membrane; freeze drying a solid sample, and then grinding or crushing and sieving to obtain a solid-phase sample; enriching the filtered water sample and extracting; and then vacuum drying; eluding solid-phase extraction column with an organic solvent; concentrating eluding liquid; carrying out SoxHlet extraction on a sieved solid-phase sample of a non-organism sample; concentrating the extract liquid and fixing the volume; enriching an organism sample with an organic extract; and then removing macromolecular organisms and pigment with GPC; and finally enriching; drying with florisil, adding the sample solution concentrated in the steps (2) to a florisil column for separating; continuously eluting with the organic solvent; collecting and concentrating eluting liquid respectively used for chemical analysis and toxicity test. The invention applies extraction and separation methods based on the same principle to different environmental media, and can effectively conduct comparison of toxicity and concentration on organic extract of a mixing system.

The invention relates to a continuous loading indentation stress corrosion tester and a test method therefor. The continuous loading indentation stress corrosion tester is used for researching hysteresis growth and related mechanical behaviors of material cracks and especially for researching rules of the influence produced by different stresses, environmental mediums and temperatures on crack nucleation and growth, and clearly expounds the rule and the mechanism of material invalidation under the stress-environment coupling condition. The test method comprises the following steps of 1, through contact between a pressure head and a test sample under a certain load, determining fracture toughness of a brittle material, and observing the influence produced by the environment on crack growth under the continuous loading condition, 2, determining threshold stress of hysteresis growth of cracks of the brittle material by radial cracks having certain length under a certain environmental condition, 3, in a solution medium, researching crack growth of a toughness material by indentation, and 4, observing a change of electrochemical parameters in crack growth by connection with an electrochemical workstation. The continuous loading indentation stress corrosion tester can be operated conveniently and simply, realize control of an experimental environment and a load, is especially suitable for long-term loading in different environments, has a simple structure, is convenient for operation and has a large application prospect.

An image recovery method is disclosed for eliminating an effect of an environmental medium. The image recovery method includes receiving a captured image affected by the environmental medium, defining a respective local window with each pixel located at a center of the respective local window, and under an assumption that original radiance of all pixels within the respective local window in the captured image are identical, performing a minimization calculation for each local window, to obtain a corresponding transmission of each pixel in the captured image.

The invention discloses an in-hole cavity monitoring device and method based on multi-frequency ultrasonic scanning. The in-hole cavity monitoring device comprises a rotary driving component, an orientation component, a scanning component, a calibrating component and a reflection component. The invention further discloses an in-hole cavity monitoring method based on multi-frequency ultrasonic scanning, and aims to solve the problems of limit and low accuracy in a single-frequency ultrasonic detection range. Clear waveforms generated by selecting ultrasonic energy converters of two frequencies are comparatively analyzed in order to calculate the number of periods of ultrasonic pulse leak detection respectively, so that the transmission time detection accuracy is increased; meanwhile, the calibrating component and the reflection component are adopted in order to measure a sound speed in an environmental medium to realize high-accuracy measurement of a wave speed; lastly, distance values measured by the ultrasonic energy converters of two frequencies are averaged to obtain an accurate distance. The in-hole cavity monitoring device and method have the advantages of skillful design, strict concept, simple structural system, and easiness in implementation.

The invention provides a device for measuring the conductivity in a controlled environment and method thereof. The device comprises (i) a sample comprising a first material such as protonic conductor, (ii) an environmental medium comprising a controlled level of a second material such as water vapor, and (iii) a separator such as a sample holder. The separator isolates the sample from the environmental medium; the separator substantially prevents the first material from migrating into the environmental medium; and the separator allows the second material to migrate between the environmental medium and the sample. The invention resolves the problems of e.g. interfacial impedance, humidity equilibration and the loss of contact between the sample and the electrode upon sample shrinking.

The invention discloses durable three expansion source concrete expanding agent, which is characterized by comprising anhydrite, high-aluminum clinker, high calcium-sulfur-aluminum clinker, calcined magnesite and the like as the preparation raw materials according to a weight proportion, in addition, the raw materials are added with air entraining agent K12, siliceous dust, zeolite powder and water repellent sodium stearate. A preparation method comprises steps of crushing, common blending, blended powder grinding and external finished product blending. The expanding agent has low alkali content, has certain expansibility, and improves cracking resistance and impermeability of concrete. The expanding agent after being added into the concrete can remarkably improve compactness, impermeability, anti-scouring property and abrasion-resisting property of the concrete, reduces permeability and water absorption greatly so that the concrete has higher self-defending capability and environmental medium erosion resistance, improves sulphate erosion resistance and carbonizing resistance of the concrete greatly, is favorable for improving safety and durability of the reinforced concrete, and is suitable for various concretes.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a perovskite thin film. The preparation method of the perovskite thin film comprises the steps as follows: (1) a tight sandwich structure which takes a base as a bottom layer and a dragged film as a top layer is formed, wherein a first solution is clamped between the bottom layer and the top layer; (2) the dragged film is gradually striped under a heating condition, so that the first solution on the base is gradually exposed in an environmental medium; (3) a solvent in the first solution on the base is evaporated to obtain the base with a precursor film layer; and (4) the base with the precursor film layer is in contact with a second solution, and then the solvent is removed to prepare the perovskite thin film. The perovskite thin film prepared by the preparation method of the perovskite thin film provided by the invention has the advantages that the perovskite thin film has good film-forming property; the perovskite crystal grain sizes are controllable (100nm to 3microns); and the thin film thickness is controllable (50nm to 2microns).