133 results about "Environmental media" patented technology

This invention discloses advanced means for the formulation and preparation of solid-chemical compositions which provide sources of water-soluble nutrients, electron acceptors and other agents for agriculture and waste-treatment, in particular, the bioremediation of contaminated environmental media. The disclosed formulations and means of production of the slow-release solid-chemical compositions of the present invention utilize a novel and economical "biphasic" chemical-system technology which involves a combination of a first "nutrient" component (1) which comprises water-soluble nutrients and other biologically utilizable substances with a second component (2) which comprises an inorganic geochemical-binder system. The simplest embodiment of the geochemical-binder system comprises one or more salts of phosphoric acid. In the preferred embodiments of the present invention intended for the slow-release of the ingredients contained in the "nutrient" component (1), the geochemical-binder system of component (2) comprises a combination of one or more salts of phosphoric acid with a inorganic binder matrix preferably containing a mixture of low-solubility carbonates, carbonate minerals, phosphates and phosphate minerals. The different embodiments of the geochemical-binder system of this invention allows a wide variation of formulations of the nutrient component (1) to be prepared in both conventional and slow-release forms using an improved high-shear granulation process whereby the dangerous chemicals typically used in the granulation process are largely or completely replaced with water. The present invention discloses means by which such compositions can be economically prepared in large quantities so as to meet the specific needs of different sectors of the agricultural / agribusiness and phytoremediation / bioremediation markets. The disclosed solid-chemical compositions of the present invention provide improved, cost-effective means for slowing and controlling the release-rate profiles of water-soluble nutrients, such as nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich compounds, and improved means for enhanced and / or time-targeted nutrient uptake by plants and microorganisms. The present invention also provides improved means for the reduction of nutrient run-off from agricultural areas into surface waters and means of preventing or minimizing nutrient-contamination of ground-water aquifers.

A vehicle traveling through an environmental media such as air experiences drag. The drag is actively modulated by energy beams which may either increase or decrease the drag. The energy beams may provide either a chemical, acoustic or electromagnetic energy at a transition region between turbulent and laminar flows or at the leading edge of a laminar flow or in the direction of a crosswind in order to facilitate the respective increase or decrease in drag. If the vehicle is a sailing ship, areas of the sails are selectively roughened or widened to enhance the thrust derived from the wind. Furthermore, the keel or hull of the sailing ship may be modified to improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sailing ship. If the vehicle is an automobile, the tires or road surface may be selectively heated to improve the traction of the automobile. Furthermore, the energy beams may be used to facilitate atomization of the air / fuel mixture prior to combustion in an internal combustion engine thereby improving the thrust of provided to the vehicle. Energy beams may be used to generate virtual extensions of a vehicle to enhance traveling efficiency.

A vehicle traveling through an environmental media such as air experiences drag. The drag is actively modulated by energy beams which may either increase or decrease the drag. The energy beams may provide either a chemical, acoustic or electromagnetic energy at a transition region between turbulent and laminar flows or at the leading edge of a laminar flow or in the direction of a crosswind in order to facilitate the respective increase or decrease in drag. If the vehicle is a sailing ship, areas of the sails are selectively roughened or widened to enhance the thrust derived from the wind. Furthermore, the keel or hull of the sailing ship may be modified to improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sailing ship. If the vehicle is an automobile, the tires or road surface may be selectively heated to improve the traction of the automobile. Furthermore, the energy beams may be used to facilitate atomization of the air / fuel mixture prior to combustion in an internal combustion engine thereby improving the thrust of provided to the vehicle. Energy beams may be used to generate virtual extensions of a vehicle to enhance traveling efficiency.

An encapsulated reactant(s) having at least one encapsulant and at least one reactant. An outermost encapsulant is substantially nonreacting, impermeable and nondissolving with water. The reactant(s) contribute to at least one reaction with contaminants in environmental media rendering the environmental media less harmless. Processes for using the encapsulated reactant in environmental media is also hereby claimed.

A method for assessing and managing health risks of heavy metal pollution. The method includes: 1) investigation and analysis of environmental pollution; 2) population exposure analysis; 3) risk assessment and representation; 4) risk perception and estimate of acceptable level of risk; 5) identification of an overall boundary of risk management; 6) identification of priority pollutants; and 7) identification of a key population and a key managing point. The method panoramically analyzes the health risk taking into account multiple sources, multiple environmental media, multiple exposure routes, and multiple receptors. The method also integrates the risk assessment, public risk perception, public acceptable risk level, and risk management to establish a comprehensive risk management strategy.

The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic nanometer materials, in particular to a method for preparing shell-core micrometer / nanometer spheres capable of preventing functional materials. The method comprises the step of coating a compact silicon dioxide shell layer on the surfaces of the traditional micrometer / nanometer spheres wrapping functional materials to seal and protect the functional materials with an anti-leakage ratio of 98 percent. The shell layer of silicon dioxide is easy to modify by introducing rich chemical functional groups and convenient to couple biomacromolecules in the field of biomedicines. The shell-core micrometer / nanometer spheres, prepared by the method, have the advantages of avoiding the damage caused by the infiltration of the environmental medium into the micrometer / nanometer spheres to the properties of the functional materials, avoiding the direct contact with the bioactive materials, introducing the rich chemical functional groups to the surfaces of the micrometer / nanometer spheres, and being conveniently crosslinked with biological proteins and nucleic acid molecules, along with smooth surfaces and little non-specific adsorption; and the preparation method has the advantages of simpleness, easy operation, strong operability, good repeatability, and low cost. The shell-core micrometer / nanometer spheres coated with silicon dioxide are stable in performance and long in holding time, and can be widely applied in biochemical analysis fields of biological marking, biological separation, cell imaging and development, biological sensors and the like.

The invention discloses an intelligent monitoring device and method for underwater concrete pouring elevation. The intelligent monitoring device comprises a waterproof measuring probe 1, a cable 2 provided with scale marks as well as a portable intelligent monitoring terminal 3, wherein the measuring probe comprises a vibration signal generator 4, a vibration sensor 5 and a vibration conductive casing 6; and a concrete medium 9 has ingredients different from environmental media such as water, mud and the like and has different damping actions on a vibration signal, so that when the measuring probe is located in different media materials, the vibration signal amplitude values detected by the vibration sensor change, the intelligent monitoring terminal 3 is used for performing conversion treatment on the vibration signal, and automatic monitoring for the concrete pouring elevation is achieved. According to the intelligent monitoring device and method, different damping actions of different media on the vibration signal are used for monitoring the concrete pouring elevation, parameters are not needed to set, the measuring method is simple, the measuring accuracy is high, and the device has good portability.

The invention relates to a pohotonic crystal fiber and a pohotonic crystal fiber sensor. The pohotonic crystal fiber comprises a cladding, a fiber core and at least one air hole; the cross section of the air hole is in a sector shape, the arc-shaped face of the air hole is far away from the fiber core, and the inner wall of the air hole is firstly plated with calcium fluoride thin film and then plated with metal nano thin film. The pohotonic crystal fiber sensor is further provided. The pohotonic crystal fiber and the pohotonic crystal fiber sensor have the advantages that the outer diameter of the pohotonic crystal fiber is 125 micrometers, and therefore operation such as coupling and fusing between fibers in an optical network can be quite conveniently achieved. Filling of the metal nano thin film and to-be-detected microfluid is easily achieved through the large diameter of the air hole, selective film plating is not needed in the operation, and the sensing accuracy is guaranteed. The operation process is simple and rapid, and real-time sensing measurement on environmental media can be achieved. A double-layer film plating operation mode is provided, transmission losses of the pohotonic crystal fiber can be effectively reduced, and the sensing stability and the sensing flexibility are improved.

The present invention discloses a uniform light emitting lamp structure including a lamp holder, an electric connection portion and a planar portion disposed on both end surfaces of the lamp holder respectively, and the planar portion includes a circuit board electrically coupled to the electric connection portion. The lamp structure further includes an LED light source, a lamp cover and a light guide column with a refractive index n1. After the light of the LED light source is projected from an environmental medium with a refractive index n2 to the light guide column, a portion of the light is reflected from the critical plane in a direction corresponding to the lamp holder through reflections and refractions, such that the light of the LED light source is projected in the environmental medium to achieve the uniform light emitting effect.

The invention relates to a digital nuclear facility environmental radiation monitoring system. The digital nuclear facility environmental radiation monitoring system comprises a control device and field measuring devices. The control device comprises a central station. The field measuring devices include an environmental medium sampler, a meteorological sensor and a radiation detector. The radiation detector is a digital NaI (TI) spectrometer internally provided with a high-range dosage rate detector. The environmental medium sampler, the meteorological sensor and the digital NaI (TI) spectrometer are connected with a local industrial computer, measuring signals and sampling signals are transmitted to the local industrial computer which is connected with the central station in a wired communication mode and in a wireless communication mode, and the central station remotely monitors the working state of all the field measuring devices. According to the system, nuclide recognition can be carried out while a radiation dose rate gamma is given, communication is reliable, the bandwidth is high, interference is not likely to happen, and the data acquiring rate of the system can be guaranteed.

A process for making a reduced size oxidant particle is provided. The process forms reduced sized oxidant particles by feeding a coating material and oxidant particles of an initial size into a mill. The coating material may be oleophilic, hydrophobic, siliphilic, hydrocarbon soluble, or a combination thereof. The oxidant particles are then milled, reducing the particle size of the oxidant particles. During the milling step, the coating coats a substantial portion of each reduced sized oxidant particle reducing reagglomeration during the milling step. Optionally, the oxidant particles produced by the process of the instant invention are encapsulated. Alternatively or additionally, the oxidant particles may be placed in suspension. An outermost encapsulant may be substantially non-reacting, impermeable and non-dissolving with water. The oxidant particles formed by the process of the present invention may be placed directly into or in the path of the contaminant(s) in the environmental media to be treated. Processes for using the encapsulated reactant in environmental media are also hereby disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for removing a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon methylnaphthalene substance by adopting double oxidants including persulfate and calcium peroxide. The method comprises the steps of adding persulfate and calcium peroxide into a water body containing methylnaphthalene, stirring uniformly, and reacting for 4-5 days under the condition that the pH of the system is neutral and weakly acidic, thus removing the pollutant by oxidization. The double oxidants are added into the water, and free hydroxy and sulfate radicals are generated to attack the pollutant, so that the pollutant is effectively degraded. The double oxidants including persulfate and calcium peroxide can simultaneously generate free hydroxy and sulfate radicals with extremely strong oxidation, so that the acting pollutant range is wider than that of a traditional method, and the pollutant sensitive to the free hydroxy and sulfate radicals can be simultaneously removed. The acting time is long, the applicable pH range is wide, a promotion effect on microbes in the environment is achieved, the bioremediation efficiency of microbes in environmental media can be improved, and then the repair efficiency of a polluted area is improved. The method is applicable in the field of polluted underground water repair.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide solid-chemical compositions and methods and means for their use which specifically: (1) provide for a sustained release of active oxygen and complex inorganic phosphates; and (2) create, enhance, and maintain oxidizing and aerobic conditions which favor non-exothermic, chemical-oxidation processes and aerobic bioremediation and fungal bioremediation processes. The present invention discloses advanced solid-chemical compositions and methods for the non-exothermic chemical oxidation and aerobic and fungal biodegradation of organic compounds and certain inorganic contaminants which may be present in solid and liquid wastes, sludges, leachates, acid-mine drainages, waste waters, soils, sediments, ground waters, surface waters, and other environmental media. The preferred embodiments of the disclosed solid-chemical compositions are prepared and used in the forms of granules, briquettes, tablets, capsules, pellets, and the like, which among other advantages, are easier to handle and apply under typical field conditions. These preferred forms of the disclosed chemical compositions can be made to disintegrate subsequent to their application and / or upon contact with water in a significant and predictable manner via relatively minor variations in their formulation and manufacture. This improved functionality enables the time-dependent release profile(s) of the active-oxygen sources and other ingredients to be varied so as to optimize the remediation of contaminants based on site-specific factors or factors pertaining to the specific waste-stream, media and / or the contaminants therein. Organic contaminants which can be treated using this invention include many different types of petroleum products, and more recalcitrant contaminants such as PCBs, PAHs and pesticides can be degraded by using the disclosed compositions and methods to stimulate fungal biodegradation processes. This invention can also be used to treat inorganic contaminants such as the acids and metals present in acid-mine drainage (AMD).

The present invention discloses a uniform light emitting lamp structure including a lamp holder, an electric connection portion and a planar portion disposed on both end surfaces of the lamp holder respectively, and the planar portion includes a circuit board electrically coupled to the electric connection portion. The lamp structure further includes an LED light source, a lamp cover and a light guide column with a refractive index n1. After the light of the LED light source is projected from an environmental medium with a refractive index n2 to the light guide column, a portion of the light is reflected from the critical plane in a direction corresponding to the lamp holder through reflections and refractions, such that the light of the LED light source is projected in the environmental medium to achieve the uniform light emitting effect.

Contaminants, such as volatile organic compounds, are removed from an environmental medium, such as contaminated soil, rock, groundwater, waste water and the like, by treatment with a combination of a persulfate, such as a sodium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide.

The invention discloses a quinolone antibiotic degrading bacterium and application thereof and belongs to the technical field of biological treatment of environmental pollutants. The degrading bacterium is obtained by domestication and purification of livestock manure, and is named as Ochrobactrum sp. JOB, and was preserved in Guangdong Microbiological Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Province Institute of Microbiology on the fifth floor, No.59 Building, No.100 Courtyard, Xianlie Middle Road, Guanzhou City on December 21st, 2016, with a preservation number of GDMCC NO:60132. The degrading bacterium disclosed by the invention is prepared into bacterium suspension or an immobilized microbial agent which can be used for effectively removing quinolone antibiotic pollution in different environmental media such as a water body and soil; compared with a physical absorption method, a chemical degradation method and the like, the quinolone antibiotic degrading bacterium has the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, environment friendliness and the like; particularly, a bacterial body is immobilized by using an embedding agent, so that the life of the bacterial body is prolonged; the microbial agent has an excellent action effect and high ability of adaptation to environment.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a biological carbon adsorbent for repairing organic pollution. The method comprises the steps of (1) air-drying waste biomass and then grinding; (2) in presence of nitrogen, heating up biomass particles to 420-580 DEG C for carbonizing the biomass particles to obtain biological carbon for repairing organic pollution. The biological carbon adsorbing material which is rich in aromatic base functional groups can be used for the repair treatment of organic polluted water or organic polluted soil. The preparation method is simple in preparation technology and high in operability, and pays attention to the environmental protection cost and the economic cost during the preparation of biological carbon; aiming at an organic polluted environmental medium, biological carbon gives play to efficient repair and treatment effects.

The invention provides a heat-supply three-layer casing system based on a countercurrent heat exchange principle. A thermal fluid flows through an inner pipe, a reflux cold fluid flows through an annular space between an inner pipe and an outer pipe, thermal insulating layers are wrapped on the outer walls of the inner and outer pipes, a layer of intermediate pipe is wrapped on the thermal insulating layer of the outer wall of the inner pipe so as to absorb the expansion of the inner pipe and the outer thermal insulating layer, and a certain gap is reserved between the intermediate pipe and the thermal insulating layer of the out wall of the inner pipe. The system provided by the invention can be used for overcoming the problems that the outer wall surfaces of the cold and heat pipes radiate heat to the surrounding medium in the traditional heat-supply process, the lost heat of the thermal fluid are all brought back by the cold fluid, and only the cold fluid radiates heat to the surrounding medium through the outer pipe; and the temperature gradient of the outer wall of a cold fluid pipe and the environment medium is smaller than that of the outer pipe wall of the thermal fluid and the environmental medium in the traditional mode, thus the heat dissipation with a larger temperature difference between a thermal fluid pipe wall and the environmental medium can be avoided and the heat-dissipating loss of a heat-supply pipeline can be greatly reduced.

The invention provides a water environmental risk source risk representing method in a drainage basin transboundary region. The method is used for evaluating the risk level of a risk source of the drainage basin transboundary region. The risk source of the transboundary region is divided into five categories including a surface source, production enterprises, a centralized treatment place of waste, a chemical storing site and transportation. The method includes the fives steps that first, a risk source risk index system of the transboundary region is constructed, the risk index systems of the five categories of risk sources respectively comprise three first-level indexes and a plurality of second-level indexes, the numbers of the second-level indexes in the risk index systems are different, and the indexes comprise three risk levels of the high risk level, the middle risk level and the low risk level; an information database of the risk sources of the transboundary region is established, values are assigned to all the second-level indexes, and the values of the all the second-level indexes are standardized to [0,1]; then, fuzzy weights of the indexes are determined; next, a fuzzy integration method is adopted for respectively calculating the risk indexes of the risk sources, the self-purification index of environmental mediums, and the vulnerability index of risk receiving bodies; finally, the risk indexes of the risk sources are calculated through the fuzzy integration method so that the risk levels of the risk sources can be represented.

The present invention provides a synthetic method and application of a universal hapten and antigen for phthalate plasticizers and relates to biological detection technology. The invention uses 4-nitrophthalic acid as a raw material, which is subjected to an esterification and reduction reaction for the formation of a hapten; the hapten is coupled with a carrier protein by a glutaraldehyde method to obtain the artificial general antigen for phthalate ester plasticizer. The successful synthesis of artificial antigen is confirmed by UV scanning, and immune animal experiments show that the artificial antigen prepared by the invention has the advantages of good immunogenicity, good selectivity of generated antibodies and high sensitivity. The antigen or antibody of the invention can be used for immune analysis of phthalate plasticizer, and satisfy the need of rapid detection of phthalate plasticizer residual in food or environmental medium, and has broad application prospects.

The invention belongs to the technical field of oilfield chemistry, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a controllable long-acting slow-release scale inhibitor capsule. According to the eight steps of loading a scale inhibitor, performing kneading and drying, preparing a carboxymethyl cellulose solution, uniformly mixing a polymer and a loaded sample, preparing a capsule, preparing a polyvinyl alcohol dispersion, coating a shell layer on the outer wall of the capsule, and performing drying, the scale inhibitor and an inorganic nano carrier which is one of the slow-release components are assembled into a homogeneous whole body in the form of a solid solution, and the outside is coated with a controllable soluble crosslinking polymer. When the polymer dissolves in an environmental medium, an active substance is gradually released. By the dual release control mechanism of the polymer dissolution and the scale inhibitor desorption from the inorganic nano carrier, the controllable slow release of the scale inhibitor in a wellbore is achieved, and thus the protective effect on the wellbore is prolonged.

The invention is a formulation for remedial additives to be introduced into environmental medium, where the formulation is designed to reduce unwanted movement through the environmental medium. The formulation includes an inorganic thickening agent to adjust viscosity and a diluent, in addition to components for chemical and / or bioremediation.

The invention discloses a method for synchronously purifying and separating the organic extract of an environmental medium step by step, which belongs to the field of environmental analysis. The method comprises the following steps of: storing suspended substances of a water sample passing through a filter membrane; freeze drying a solid sample, and then grinding or crushing and sieving to obtain a solid-phase sample; enriching the filtered water sample and extracting; and then vacuum drying; eluding solid-phase extraction column with an organic solvent; concentrating eluding liquid; carrying out SoxHlet extraction on a sieved solid-phase sample of a non-organism sample; concentrating the extract liquid and fixing the volume; enriching an organism sample with an organic extract; and then removing macromolecular organisms and pigment with GPC; and finally enriching; drying with florisil, adding the sample solution concentrated in the steps (2) to a florisil column for separating; continuously eluting with the organic solvent; collecting and concentrating eluting liquid respectively used for chemical analysis and toxicity test. The invention applies extraction and separation methods based on the same principle to different environmental media, and can effectively conduct comparison of toxicity and concentration on organic extract of a mixing system.

The invention relates to a continuous loading indentation stress corrosion tester and a test method therefor. The continuous loading indentation stress corrosion tester is used for researching hysteresis growth and related mechanical behaviors of material cracks and especially for researching rules of the influence produced by different stresses, environmental mediums and temperatures on crack nucleation and growth, and clearly expounds the rule and the mechanism of material invalidation under the stress-environment coupling condition. The test method comprises the following steps of 1, through contact between a pressure head and a test sample under a certain load, determining fracture toughness of a brittle material, and observing the influence produced by the environment on crack growth under the continuous loading condition, 2, determining threshold stress of hysteresis growth of cracks of the brittle material by radial cracks having certain length under a certain environmental condition, 3, in a solution medium, researching crack growth of a toughness material by indentation, and 4, observing a change of electrochemical parameters in crack growth by connection with an electrochemical workstation. The continuous loading indentation stress corrosion tester can be operated conveniently and simply, realize control of an experimental environment and a load, is especially suitable for long-term loading in different environments, has a simple structure, is convenient for operation and has a large application prospect.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a perovskite thin film. The preparation method of the perovskite thin film comprises the steps as follows: (1) a tight sandwich structure which takes a base as a bottom layer and a dragged film as a top layer is formed, wherein a perovskite precursor solution is clamped between the bottom layer and the top layer; (2) the dragged film is gradually striped under a heating condition, so that the perovskite precursor solution on the base is gradually exposed in an environmental medium; and (3) a solvent in the perovskite precursor solution on the base is evaporated and then the perovskite thin film is formed on the base. The perovskite thin film prepared by the preparation method of the perovskite thin film provided by the invention has the advantages that the perovskite thin film has good film-forming property; the perovskite crystal grain sizes are controllable (100nm to 3microns); and the thin film thickness is controllable (50nm to 2microns)

An image recovery method is disclosed for eliminating an effect of an environmental medium. The image recovery method includes receiving a captured image affected by the environmental medium, defining a respective local window with each pixel located at a center of the respective local window, and under an assumption that original radiance of all pixels within the respective local window in the captured image are identical, performing a minimization calculation for each local window, to obtain a corresponding transmission of each pixel in the captured image.

The invention discloses an in-hole cavity monitoring device and method based on multi-frequency ultrasonic scanning. The in-hole cavity monitoring device comprises a rotary driving component, an orientation component, a scanning component, a calibrating component and a reflection component. The invention further discloses an in-hole cavity monitoring method based on multi-frequency ultrasonic scanning, and aims to solve the problems of limit and low accuracy in a single-frequency ultrasonic detection range. Clear waveforms generated by selecting ultrasonic energy converters of two frequencies are comparatively analyzed in order to calculate the number of periods of ultrasonic pulse leak detection respectively, so that the transmission time detection accuracy is increased; meanwhile, the calibrating component and the reflection component are adopted in order to measure a sound speed in an environmental medium to realize high-accuracy measurement of a wave speed; lastly, distance values measured by the ultrasonic energy converters of two frequencies are averaged to obtain an accurate distance. The in-hole cavity monitoring device and method have the advantages of skillful design, strict concept, simple structural system, and easiness in implementation.

The invention provides a device for measuring the conductivity in a controlled environment and method thereof. The device comprises (i) a sample comprising a first material such as protonic conductor, (ii) an environmental medium comprising a controlled level of a second material such as water vapor, and (iii) a separator such as a sample holder. The separator isolates the sample from the environmental medium; the separator substantially prevents the first material from migrating into the environmental medium; and the separator allows the second material to migrate between the environmental medium and the sample. The invention resolves the problems of e.g. interfacial impedance, humidity equilibration and the loss of contact between the sample and the electrode upon sample shrinking.

The invention discloses durable three expansion source concrete expanding agent, which is characterized by comprising anhydrite, high-aluminum clinker, high calcium-sulfur-aluminum clinker, calcined magnesite and the like as the preparation raw materials according to a weight proportion, in addition, the raw materials are added with air entraining agent K12, siliceous dust, zeolite powder and water repellent sodium stearate. A preparation method comprises steps of crushing, common blending, blended powder grinding and external finished product blending. The expanding agent has low alkali content, has certain expansibility, and improves cracking resistance and impermeability of concrete. The expanding agent after being added into the concrete can remarkably improve compactness, impermeability, anti-scouring property and abrasion-resisting property of the concrete, reduces permeability and water absorption greatly so that the concrete has higher self-defending capability and environmental medium erosion resistance, improves sulphate erosion resistance and carbonizing resistance of the concrete greatly, is favorable for improving safety and durability of the reinforced concrete, and is suitable for various concretes.