62 results about "Sedimentary rock" patented technology

The invention discloses a lithology generality joint feature classification model construction method, which relates to the technical field of intelligent geological prospecting, introduces a cross-scale feature alignment mechanism, and utilizes scale transformation factors to dynamically match the resolutions of macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic features, thereby avoiding feature distortion caused by direct fusion; for example, in a volcanic rock and sedimentary rock mixed area, rough texture of a remote sensing image originally conflicts with smooth response of a logging curve, but through alignment processing, the model can automatically balance credibility of different data sources, and misjudgment is reduced; inter-scale dependence modeling is further enhanced through introduction of the feature association graph, vertical sequence association of a thin interbed is captured through a graph structure, the boundary of a millimeter-level thin layer is made clear, and the problem of fuzziness caused by neglecting of interlayer interaction in an existing scheme is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent sensing systems, and provides a cross-well earthquake and VSP-based VTI anisotropic parameter inversion method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring first arrival information and speed information recorded by a zero well spacing VSP in a target exploration area, and establishing a near-well initial vertical speed model; acquiring first arrival information of excitation points at different depths of an inter-well earthquake in the area, and calculating to obtain the transverse velocity of a VTI anisotropic medium at each depth; solving the anisotropic medium value of each depth VTI; obtaining a VTI anisotropic medium delta value; and performing interpolation smoothing along a geologic horizon by using the epsilon value and the delta value of the VTI anisotropic medium to obtain an epsilon field and a delta field of the VTI anisotropic medium so as to form a VTI anisotropic body. The objective of the invention is to solve the problem of low accuracy of sedimentary rock feature analysis caused by poor matching of a velocity model and anisotropy parameters in traditional VTI anisotropy research.

A method for evaluating geological hydrogen source rock in a region is provided. The method includes: collecting magnetic susceptibility data from a plurality of subsurface locations in the region; receiving geophysical survey data of the region, wherein the geophysical survey data comprises geophysical data collected from above ground; tying the magnetic susceptibility data of the plurality of subsurface locations to the geophysical survey data; generating a geologic map of igneous rock, metamorphic rock, or mafic mineral- or iron-rich sedimentary rock within the region based on the magnetic susceptibility data using a model; and determining, based on the geologic map, a target zone of the geological hydrogen source rock with a potential for hydrogen production or with the potential for hydrogen accumulation.

This invention relates to a method for characterizing the distribution of primordial water in rocks and its application. The method includes: preparing particles from fresh rock cores as fresh samples and particles from dried rock cores as dried samples; calculating the scattering length density of the rock to be tested based on the dried sample, and preparing a deuterated toluene contrast-matching fluid with the same scattering length density as the rock to be tested; immersing the fresh sample and the dried sample in the deuterated toluene contrast-matching fluid respectively to obtain immersion samples; performing small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on the dried sample and the immersion samples respectively; obtaining pore structure information before and after immersion based on the experimental results; and determining the distribution of primordial water in the rock to be tested based on the pore structure information. This invention, based on SANS experiments, provides a novel experimental technique for characterizing the distribution and water saturation of primordial water in sedimentary rocks, with advantages such as being non-destructive, efficient, time-saving, and highly accurate.

The invention discloses a multi-information constraint complex lithology interpretation method and device. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a symbiotic relationship among various lithologies to be explained according to coring data, logging data and logging data in a research area based on the orderliness of vertical superposition and spatial distribution of sedimentary strata; on the basis of the current symbiotic relationship, the logging data is corrected, an intersection chart between the lithology and the sensitive logging curve is drawn, and the intersection chart is used for being combined with the symbiotic relationship to achieve lithology interpretation in the research area. According to the method, multiple information is integrated, multiple to-be-explained symbiotic relationships among lithology are used as constraints, and logging data are reasonably corrected, so that the prediction precision of the rendezvous chart between the lithology and the sensitive logging curve is higher; the method can be used for lithology interpretation of complex lithology, such as sedimentary rock, intrusive rock and intrusive rock overlying and underlying metamorphic rock co-development areas.

This application provides a method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium for quantitative evaluation of oil layers in mud-class reservoirs, belonging to the field of oil and gas exploration and development technology. In this method, based on the parameter values ​​of multiple logging parameters of a first reference block in the target block, the fine-grained sedimentary rock reservoirs in the first reference block, the effective reservoirs within the fine-grained sedimentary rock reservoirs, and the distinction between industrial and non-industrial oil flow layers within the effective reservoirs can be made, thereby determining a set of quantitative evaluation thresholds. These multiple logging parameters include natural gamma, resistivity, spontaneous potential, total organic carbon content, compensated density, NMR porosity, and NMR saturation. This set of quantitative evaluation thresholds is used to identify industrial oil flow layers in the target block. The quantitative evaluation thresholds determined by the above method can efficiently and accurately identify industrial oil flow layers in the target block, thus providing a reliable basis for subsequent oil and gas exploration and development, and improving the efficiency of oil and gas exploration and development.

The invention provides a sandstone reservoir porosity quantitative prediction method under a double-height and double-depth background, and relates to the technical field of oil-gas exploration and development, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a rock sample of a target stratum of a research region; determining lithofacies types of sedimentary rocks in the research area; obtaining particle size distribution histograms of different lithofacies types through particle size analysis; measuring the pore size and the pore distribution type in the rock sample; determining the diagenesis type of the research area; establishing a statistical relationship between the porosity and the ground temperature gradient through the pore distribution type and the pore size; constructing a pressure field of the research area to obtain a pressure coefficient of the research area; and performing fitting superposition through the porosity, the lithofacies type, the particle size distribution histogram, the statistical relationship, the pressure coefficient and the diagenesis type, and predicting the porosity distribution range of the sandstone reservoir. By comprehensively considering multiple factors such as formation temperature, pressure, burial depth, diagenesis and the like, high-precision prediction of the reservoir porosity is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sedimentary geology research, and discloses a quantitative sedimentary rock classification evaluation method and system based on biological disturbance. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a high-resolution image of a unit area of a field outcrop or core sample; identifying a relics fossil or a biological disturbance area in the high-resolution image, and obtaining a biological disturbance quantity percentage of the high-resolution image by using a unit grid method; identifying the belonging number of the relics fossils in the high-resolution image; measuring to obtain the diving hole diameter of each relics fossil, and obtaining the diving hole diameter of the maximum relics fossil; obtaining the natural layer thickness of the field outcrop or rock core sample and the average particle size of the surrounding rock; calculating to obtain a biological disturbance coefficient; and based on the biological disturbance coefficient of the field outcrop or rock core sample, evaluating to obtain a classification evaluation result of the sedimentary rock. When a researcher performs classification evaluation on the same or similar sedimentary rock samples, a relatively consistent result can be obtained, and the repeatability and comparability of evaluation are enhanced.

The invention discloses a pulveryte lithofacies identification method based on deep learning, and relates to the technical field of deep learning and sedimentary rock lithofacies identification, and the method comprises the steps: collecting lithofacies curve data and microstructure image data, screening feature parameters, and generating a standardized multi-modal feature set through an exclusive analysis engine; calling a specific model to perform hierarchical feature extraction on the microstructure image to obtain a deep microstructure feature vector; inputting the two types of features into an exclusive network, and outputting a preliminary recognition result through cross-modal attention weight distribution; and performing inversion correction and dynamic adjustment on the preliminary result by adopting a specific algorithm, and constructing a lithofacies classification system in combination with feedback information to complete accurate division. According to the method, through multi-source feature deep fusion, cross-modal correlation enhancement and multi-link collaborative optimization, efficient and accurate identification of the lithofacies of the pulveryte rock is realized, complex lithologic features are adapted, and support is provided for technical application in related fields.

The application discloses a fine-grained sedimentary rock facies identification method based on deep learning, relates to the technical field of deep learning and sedimentary rock facies identification, and comprises the following steps: collecting facies curve data and microstructure image data and screening characteristic parameters, generating a standardized multi-modal feature set through a special analysis engine; calling a specific model to perform hierarchical feature extraction on the microstructure image to obtain a deep microstructure feature vector; inputting the two types of features into a special network to output a preliminary identification result through cross-modal attention weight distribution; and adopting a specific algorithm to perform inversion correction and dynamic adjustment on the preliminary result, combining feedback information to construct a facies classification system to complete accurate division. Through multi-source feature deep fusion, cross-modal correlation enhancement and multi-link collaborative optimization, the application realizes efficient and accurate identification of fine-grained sedimentary rock facies, adapts to complex lithological characteristics, and provides support for technical application in related fields.

A method for evaluating geological hydrogen source rock in a region is provided. The method includes: collecting magnetic susceptibility data from a plurality of subsurface locations in the region; receiving geophysical survey data of the region, wherein the geophysical survey data comprises geophysical data collected from above ground; tying the magnetic susceptibility data of the plurality of subsurface locations to the geophysical survey data; generating a geologic map of igneous rock, metamorphic rock, or mafic mineral-or iron-rich sedimentary rock within the region based on the magnetic susceptibility data using a model; and determining, based on the geologic map, a target zone of the geological hydrogen source rock with a potential for hydrogen production or with the potential for hydrogen accumulation.

The invention provides an ancient coastal sand dam prediction method and device, equipment and a medium, and relates to the technical field of oil-gas exploration. Comprising the following steps: acquiring fluctuation data of an ancient landform in a region, wave mark parameters in sedimentary rock, sediment particle diameter and sediment density; according to the fluctuation data of the ancient landform, determining the gradient of the ancient landform of the region; determining the sedimentary paleo-water depth according to the wave mark parameter, the sediment particle diameter and the sediment density in the sedimentary rock; and the thickness of the ancient coastal sand dam is determined according to the paleo-terrain gradient and the sedimentary paleo-water depth. According to the method, the thickness of the paleo-coastal sand dam is determined by analyzing the paleo-terrain gradient and the sedimentary paleo-water depth in the area, the potential reservoir in the area is rapidly identified in the early stage of exploration, and a basis is provided for well drilling deployment.

The invention relates to the technical field of geology and sedimentary data analysis, in particular to a sedimentary rock particle analysis method and system based on an opencv visual library. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring a high-resolution digital image of a sedimentary rock sample, and preprocessing to enhance the characteristics of clastic particles; processing the image by using an opencv library, automatically identifying and segmenting a single debris particle, and calculating the equivalent diameter of the single debris particle; finally, an analysis report containing particle distribution and particle size statistical information is automatically generated. According to the method, image acquisition, processing, analysis and report generation are integrated into a continuous automatic process, a traditional manual microscope observation and manual measurement mode is replaced, the analysis efficiency is remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for large-scale sample processing. Recognition and measurement are executed through a standardized algorithm, subjective errors are effectively reduced, objectivity and consistency of analysis results are guaranteed, and an efficient and reliable technical means is provided for sedimentary rock granularity analysis.

A method comprises identifying a depositional form of a mineral phase in a sedimentary rock sample based on a measurement of a parameter indicative of a size of crystallites of the mineral phase in the rock sample.

The application discloses a method for quantitatively analyzing mercury in different occurrence states in sedimentary rocks, belongs to the technical field of geological rock analysis, extracts kerogen from whole rock, respectively determines the mercury content and the organic carbon content of the whole rock and the kerogen, then carries out high-temperature thermal desorption analysis on equal quality of the two, obtains a thermal desorption curve, divides the release stages of different mercury occurrence states according to the thermal desorption curve, and calculates the content and proportion of mercury in each stage, and finally combines the total mercury content of the whole rock, the mercury content of the kerogen and the mass ratio, and obtains the inorganic mercury content through mass balance calculation. The method divides mercury into organic matter combined state (in kerogen) and inorganic combined state through physical separation and high-temperature pyrolysis, overcomes the multi-solution problem of traditional correlation fitting, significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of mercury as a volcanic activity tracer, and verifies the experimental data through mass balance calculation, avoiding the misjudgment of a single fitting method.

The invention discloses high-pressure jet grouting pile equipment for a sedimentary rock pebble bed and a construction method of the high-pressure jet grouting pile equipment, and belongs to the field of foundation construction.The high-pressure jet grouting pile equipment comprises a crawler provided with a guide rail stand column and a mounting mechanism, a rotary chuck and a positioning mechanism are arranged on the guide rail stand column in a sliding mode, and a drill rod is detachably connected with a power head arranged on the rotary chuck; the positioning mechanism is used for limiting and driving a protective sleeve arranged on a drill rod in a sleeving mode, the protective sleeve is formed by sequentially connecting sleeve units end to end, the mounting mechanism is used for mounting the sleeve units to be mounted to be coaxial with the drill rod, the mounting mechanism comprises a base, a supporting frame and a hydraulic cylinder, and the base is arranged above the positioning mechanism; the lower end of the supporting frame is rotationally arranged on the base, the upper end of the supporting frame is used for temporarily fixing a sleeve unit to be installed, one end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotationally arranged on the base, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected with the supporting frame. When the sleeve units are installed, non-stop operation can be achieved, each sleeve unit limits the drill rod, and the perpendicularity of the drill rod is guaranteed.

This application provides an experimental method for testing the permeation efficiency of mixed sedimentary rock cores, including: cutting the mixed sedimentary rock core into thin sections for clay mineral analysis; weighing a standard core and recording the weight as m1; performing a displacement experiment on the standard core and saturating it with oil; immersing the standard core in oil and aging it in a constant temperature chamber, then weighing it and recording the weight as m2; measuring the T2 spectrum of the standard core at its spatial location and calculating the peak area S1; weighing the heat-shrink tubing and recording the weight as m0; wrapping the standard core circumferentially with heat-shrink tubing, placing it in a hanging ring and suspending it on an electronic balance, immersing it in the permeation fluid, and recording the weight data at permeation equilibrium as m3; measuring the T2 spectrum of the standard core at its spatial location and calculating the peak area S2; calculating the permeation efficiency based on the gravimetric method; calculating the permeation efficiency using the nuclear magnetic resonance peak areas before and after the permeation experiment; and calculating the permeation efficiency of the mixed sedimentary rock core. This method can accurately guide the effective development of mixed sedimentary rock reservoirs.

The invention relates to the technical field of geological evaluation, in particular to a stratified pulveryte core geology rapid experimental evaluation method which comprises the following steps: establishing a sample lithology characteristic table according to the color, mineral type and sedimentary structure of a stratified pulveryte core; determining a sampling layer section of the lithologic layer section of the lamina type pulveryte rock to be evaluated, and collecting and preparing a rock core sample; testing the collected rock core sample to obtain test data, wherein the test comprises slice identification, total rock X diffraction analysis, porosity determination and pyrolysis analysis experiment; the test data is extracted, homing comparison is carried out according to the test data and the sampling position, and core homing processing of the test data is achieved; and evaluating and analyzing the core potential of the lamina type pulveryte rock based on test data. According to the method, the rapid evaluation of the hydrocarbon source rock and the oiliness is realized, the sampling heterogeneity problem in the evaluation process is solved, and guidance is provided for the fine evaluation of the shale oil reservoir.

According to the method for measuring the true density of the coal rock, provided by the invention, different evolution stages experienced by the coal rock in a complex geological history can be efficiently and accurately identified. The stages cover the initial diagenesis to the later metamorphism, and each stage is accompanied by significant changes of physical and chemical properties of the coal rock. Besides, the method also has excellent distinguishing capability, the carbonaceous mudstone can be clearly and effectively distinguished from other types of coal rocks, and the carbonaceous mudstone is used as a special sedimentary rock, has complex components, often contains relatively high organic matters, and has significant difference from conventional coal rocks in multiple aspects. Therefore, the method not only contributes to deepening the understanding of the formation cause and the evolution process of the coal rock, but also provides important technical support and scientific basis for the fields of exploration and development of coal resources, environmental protection and the like.

The application provides a deep-water gravity flow sedimentary facies combined identification method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining and aligning absolute depth of multi-source heterogeneous data; 2) constructing a double-branch feature extraction network to perform independent feature dimension reduction; 3) coupling features based on a cross-modal cross-attention mechanism; and 4) rock facies classification and discrimination and virtual reconstruction of a coreless well section. The system comprises a multi-source data access and verification module, a dynamic depth alignment module, a cross-modal feature calculation and discrimination module and a virtual reconstruction and three-dimensional visualization output module. The application breaks the isolated situation of “logging calculation logging and image image”, so that the one-dimensional physical properties of logging and the two-dimensional structural features of image can guide and cross-verify each other in a hidden space, solves the industry problem that the accuracy of deep-water gravity flow facies identification is encountered, and solves the problems of high-precision rock facies analysis and visualization of a coreless well section.

The present application relates to the technical field of architectural decoration coatings, and particularly relates to a new type of sedimentary rock-imitating coating, a preparation method thereof and a construction process. The unique formula of the primer, the intermediate coating, the main paint and the topcoat can simulate the unique texture effect of the sedimentary rock more realistically through convenient construction operation, and the effect is controllable.

The invention relates to the technical field of mineral extraction, particularly discloses a method for efficiently extracting barite single mineral in black mudstone rich in organic matters, and solves the technical problems that micron-sized barite in black mudstone cannot be efficiently extracted in the prior art, lattice destruction / isotope fractionation of barite is easily caused in the extraction process, the purity and the recovery rate are low and the like. The purity of the extracted barite single mineral is larger than or equal to 99%, the recovery rate of fine-fraction barite is larger than or equal to 90%, crystal lattices are complete and free of damage, isotope fractionation and component change are avoided, and the high-precision geochemical test requirement can be met; meanwhile, the method is suitable for various sedimentary rocks such as marine / continental black mudstone, shale and siliceous mudstone, and the applicability is wide.

The application discloses a sample preparation method and a heterogeneity research method for a fine-grained heterogeneous sedimentary rock sample. The sample preparation method comprises the following steps: determining a reference surface direction according to the extension direction of the bedding plane of the fine-grained heterogeneous sedimentary rock sample, cutting and flattening the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample along the direction parallel to the reference surface direction, cutting the side surface of the sample along the direction perpendicular to the reference surface, so that the shapes of the cross sections of the sample parallel to the reference surface are consistent; cutting the sample into a first rock sample and a second rock sample along the direction perpendicular to the reference surface; obtaining an XRF scanning map of the cutting surface of the second rock sample, obtaining a sequence of segmentation lines arranged in an up-down order according to the data difference in the scanning map, and the segmentation lines being consistent with the direction of the bedding plane at the corresponding positions; and cutting the first rock sample according to the sequence of segmentation lines in sequence to obtain a plurality of rock samples. The rock samples prepared by the method are full in types, good in heterogeneity representation, and the rock samples are homogeneous bodies.

The invention relates to the technical field of rock sample identification, and discloses a sedimentary rock lithology hyperspectral identification method, which comprises the following steps: collecting a sedimentary rock sample; collecting spectral reflectivity data of the sedimentary rock by using a hyperspectral device; preprocessing the original hyperspectral data of the sedimentary rock through a wavelet transform method; and the sedimentary rocks with different sources are identified by adopting a mode identification classification algorithm. The method has the main advantages that different types of sedimentary rocks can be quickly, losslessly and accurately identified by combining wavelet transform with hyperspectrum, and a solid data basis is provided for accurate classification and research of the sedimentary rocks.

The application provides a device and method for determining glauconite content, a model and a construction method and application thereof, and the determining method comprises the following steps: determining and optimizing first basic parameters by using conventional logging data in combination with regional geological data, the first basic parameters comprising PE sh , rho sh and V sh ; obtaining second basic parameters based on common sedimentary rock mineral logging characteristic values, the second basic parameters comprising PE qz , PE gl , rho qz , rho gl and rho f ; obtaining third basic parameters based on lithology density logging data, the third basic parameters comprising PE and RHOB; and substituting the first basic parameters, the second basic parameters and the third basic parameters into a calculation model of the glauconite content in the sandstone to obtain V gl , V qz and the application has the advantages of economy, rapidness, rich information, high accuracy, convenience in operation and the like by quantitatively calculating the glauconite content in the sandstone through scientific theoretical methods.

The invention discloses a marine facies mixed rock complex lithofacies identification method and related equipment, and the method comprises the steps: preferably selecting lithofacies sensitive conventional logging and natural gamma-ray spectrum logging information, and carrying out the standardization processing; on the basis of conventional logging and natural gamma-ray spectrum logging information, identifying complex class-I lithofacies and class-II lithofacies of the marine facies mixed rock; identifying complex III-class lithofacies of marine facies mixed rock based on micro-resistivity imaging logging information; based on conventional logging and natural gamma-ray spectrum logging information, a marine facies mixed rock complex class-I lithofacies and class-II lithofacies recognition chart is established; according to the method, a complex class-III lithofacies plate of the marine facies mixed rock is established on the basis of micro-resistivity imaging logging information, finally the marine facies mixed rock is identified according to the plate and the lithofacies, and compared with an existing method depending on drilling coring and rock debris analysis and assay, the method provided by the invention is easy to operate, low in cost, high in efficiency, high in coverage rate and high in resolution, and can be widely applied to the field of marine facies mixed rock identification. The method greatly solves the problem of high-precision recognition of the complex lithofacies of the basin marine facies mixed rock, supports the research, exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas geology of the basin, and has important theoretical significance and good practical application effect.

The invention discloses a method for identifying hydrothermal fluid invasion in sedimentary rocks, and relates to the technical field of geological exploration. The method comprises the following steps: determining the existence result of the thermal fluid activity in the sedimentary rock; when the hot fluid activity exists, the type of the hot fluid is determined according to natural gas existing in the sedimentary rock or authigenic minerals in the sedimentary rock; statistical judgment is conducted on change rules of the thermosensitive data, the element and isotope data and the formation water mineralization degree data along with the depth, and the depth range of hot fluid activity is determined; points with thermal fluid activity in the sedimentary rock are projected to a plane, and the plane range of the thermal fluid activity is determined in combination with the large fracture extension range of the deep cutting substrate; and determining the existence result of the hot fluid activity, the property of the hot fluid, the depth range of the hot fluid activity and the plane range of the hot fluid activity as the identification result of the hot fluid invasion. According to the method, the identification precision of the hydrothermal fluid invasion in the sedimentary rock can be improved.

The invention discloses an agent, modified resin, system and method for removing heavy metal in sintering machine head ash washing wastewater, and relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment. Through the synergistic effect of sedimentary rock particles and an alkaline sulfide solution, the chemical adsorption capacity can be enhanced, the adsorption capacity to heavy metal ions is improved, the dispersing agent is beneficial to improving the dispersity of the sedimentary rock particles in the solution and preventing agglomeration, and therefore it is guaranteed that the sedimentary rock particles effectively participate in the reaction; and the flocculating agent promotes the generated precipitate and the particulate matters adsorbing the heavy metals to quickly flocculate and settle, so that the solid-liquid separation efficiency is improved. The reagent formula provided by the invention is obtained by optimizing the water quality characteristics (such as high-concentration suspended solids, thallium and lead) of the sintering machine head ash washing wastewater, realizes efficient and stable removal of heavy metals in the sintering machine head ash washing wastewater, meets the water inlet requirement of subsequent deep treatment, and has practical application value.

The invention provides a sedimentary rock moisture extraction method, device and system. The method comprises the following steps: crushing a sedimentary rock sample; taking a part of the crushed samples to carry out thermogravimetric analysis, determining a weight loss temperature interval of water in different occurrence states in the sedimentary rock sample according to a thermogravimetric curve, and determining a plurality of heating temperature points corresponding to the water in different occurrence states; another part of the crushed sample is taken and put into a sample tube, and the sample tube and an extraction pipeline communicated with the sample tube are vacuumized; sequentially heating the sample tube for multiple times according to the temperature values corresponding to the plurality of heating temperature points, and condensing and collecting a heating product by adopting different collecting tubes in each heating process. Based on the technical scheme provided by the invention, heating temperature points corresponding to water in different occurrence states can be obtained through thermogravimetric analysis, and then corresponding water is distilled and condensed in the constructed ultra-low-pressure vacuum environment, so that complete extraction of the water can be realized while isotope-free fractionation is ensured.

Disclosed herein are various embodiments of systems for drilling and operating a well that can have dual uses. The well can be drilled and operated as a geothermal well using a hybrid approach, in which a heat transfer fluid is injected into a hot rock formation but not removed, and a closed-loop approach is used to extract the heat. The geothermal well is then evaluated for use as a carbon dioxide sequestration well. In other embodiments, the well is drilled as a carbon dioxide sequestration well and then evaluated for its potential for generating geothermal energy using a hybrid approach, in which supercritical carbon dioxide is injected into a hot rock formation but not removed, and a closed-loop approach is used to extract the heat. Both horizontal and vertical wells in sedimentary rocks and basement granite are disclosed.