Methods for
specimen preparation and for characterization of internal three-dimensional deformation of specimen are provided. Firstly, a plurality of first digital particle models are generated, and a plurality of first volumetric images are generated based on central point positions of the speckle particles simulated by each first digital
particle model of the plurality of first digital particle models. A simulated optimal
particle radius value and a simulated optimal
volume fraction value corresponding to speckle particles included in a target specimen are determined based on all the first volumetric images. Finally, the target specimen may be prepared based on the simulated optimal
particle radius value and the simulated optimal
volume fraction value corresponding to the speckle particles included in the target specimen. The plurality of first digital particle models generated through numerical
simulation are processed and calculated to obtain distribution parameters of the speckle particles in the target specimen.