The invention relates to a detection system for detecting oil content in gas in a continuous annealing furnace on line. The system consists of a main analysis loop and a branch analysis loop, wherein the main analysis loop comprises a sampled gas cooler, a gas distributor, an automatic switching valve, a manual switching valve, a check valve, a water collector, a large particle filter, a pressuredetection instrument, a pressure signal conversion and display instrument, a gas circulating pump and a feedback gas drier, forms a close loop together with the annealing furnace and is used for collecting and feeding back gas; and the branch analysis loop comprises a chromatographic analyzer, a manual switching valve, a disperser and a waste discharge separator and is mainly used for the sampling and the waste gas exhaust of the chromatographic analyzer. By using the detection system, the gas pollution conditions in the furnace and the oil leakage conditions of equipment in the furnace can be mastered timely and accurately so as to provide possibility for observing the change of pollutants in the furnace in a production process transition process.