239 results about "Ketene" patented technology

The invention discloses a preparation method of a spiro [4.5] trienone compound containing difluoro gamma-lactam, which comprises the following steps: reacting an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropanamide compound and an N-allyl-2, 2-difluoro-2-bromo-N-aryl acetamide compound in an argon atmosphere under the action of a photocatalyst and alkali to obtain the spiro [4.5] trienone compound containing difluoro gamma-lactam. And reacting under the irradiation of 467 nm blue light to obtain the spiro [4.5] trienone compound containing difluoro gamma-lactam. The reaction operation is simple and convenient, the product specificity is high, the substrate application range is wide, and the price is low. The invention provides a simple and efficient preparation method of the spiro [4.5] trienone compound containing difluoro gamma-lactam for the first time.

An antifungal composition including a first essential oil, and a second essential oil, where the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof. Further, an antifungal compound including one or more aroma compounds selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, beta-ionone, alpha-ionone, (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)-limonene, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, nerol, linalool, 2-heptanone, alpha-terpineol, beta-damascenone, β-caryophyllene, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, β-myrcene, gamma-octalactone, alpha-humulene, nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,E)-α-farnesene, vanillin, phenylethyl acetate, citral, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, or a combination thereof.

The invention provides a preparation method of environment-friendly straw paper with hydrophobic and lip-sticking-free properties. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively pulping bleached softwood pulp and bleached hardwood pulp, and mixing to obtain a fiber mixture; adding a biological wax waterproof system sizing agent into the fiber mixture, or adding the biological wax waterproof system sizing agent and an antibacterial agent, and adding a wet strength agent and an alkyl ketene dimer, and carrying out net forming treatment; the preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out squeezing dehydration and primary drying treatment on paper pulp subjected to net forming treatment, carrying out surface coating and sizing by adopting a sizing system containing a biological wax waterproof system sizing agent, carrying out secondary drying treatment, and finally sequentially carrying out calendering and coiling to obtain the environment-friendly straw paper. Experiments show that the straw paper disclosed by the invention has the advantages of excellent hydrophobicity, no lip sticking, high strength, high antibacterial property, complete degradability, no toxicity and environment friendliness.

The invention relates to the technical field of neutral glue for papermaking, and discloses high-performance environment-friendly neutral glue for papermaking, which is prepared from 8 to 15 parts of alkyl ketene dimer, 0.3 to 1.0 part of cationized carboxylated nano cellulose, 5 to 15 parts of starch emulsifier and 1 to 5 parts of auxiliary component, wherein the cationized carboxylated nanocellulose is modified by grafting a cationic polymer, and the cationized carboxylated nanocellulose is adsorbed on an alkyl ketene dimer liquid droplet interface as a solid particle emulsifier in a Pickering emulsifier to form a composite emulsion. A cationic polymer is grafted on the surface of carboxylated nano-cellulose, so that the carboxylated nano-cellulose has cationic electrostatic adsorption and carboxyl interface activity, cationic groups are electrostatically combined with negative electricity fibers, the binding force between the fibers is enhanced, the tensile strength of paper is improved, meanwhile, nano-scale carboxyl adsorbs alkyl ketene dimer liquid drops to form a stable interface film, and the tensile strength of the paper is improved. The sizing efficiency of the neutral glue and the mechanical property of paper are improved.

The invention provides an ultralow-temperature-resistant fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials. Firstly, alpha, beta unsaturated ketene and diamine are synthesized into a hyperbranched polymer through a one-pot method, a hyperbranched polymer solution serves as a sizing agent to conduct surface treatment on fibers, and then the fibers and ultralow-temperature-resistant thermosetting resin are compounded and cured to obtain the ultralow-temperature-resistant fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material. The hyperbranched polymer with a dendritic three-dimensional space structure is used as an interface phase, has abundant amido bonds, is terminated by primary amine, not only forms intramolecular and intermolecular multiple hydrogen-bond interaction, but also can be chemically reacted with resin to construct a covalent bond-hydrogen bond hybrid cross-linked network, so that the cross-linked network structure is improved; the interface of the fiber reinforced composite material is reinforced and toughened under ultralow temperature and room / ultralow temperature circulation, and the fiber reinforced composite material can be applied to ultralow temperature scenes such as liquid hydrogen storage tanks, conveying pipes, deep space exploration component materials, polar region scientific investigation and icebreaking equipment and the like.

This invention relates to the field of chemical synthesis technology, specifically disclosing a high-temperature pyrolysis reaction system and its application. The high-temperature pyrolysis reaction system of this invention employs a two-stage reactor design and is filled with a differentiated catalyst. Combined with acetone as an intermediate feedstock between the two stages, it improves the feedstock conversion rate and the selectivity of the target product. The biomimetic integral catalyst solves the problems of poor mass transfer, high pressure resistance, and backmixing caused by traditional packing materials, achieving precise control of the pyrolysis time and inhibiting secondary polymerization and reverse reactions of the product at high temperatures. Through synergistic optimization of reactor configuration, catalyst structure, and separation technology, the entire system effectively suppresses carbon deposition, achieving efficient preparation of dimethyl ketene. This invention forms an integrated high-temperature pyrolysis reaction system from pyrolysis reactor design, catalyst structure design, and improved separation technology, and applies it to the pyrolysis of isobutyric anhydride to produce dimethyl ketene, achieving high feedstock conversion rate and high selectivity of the target product.

The application discloses a kind of composite super-hydrophobic paper based on alkyl ketene dimer and metal polyphenol network and preparation method thereof, belong to functional paper-based material field.The method is first immersed in 0.25%~5% alkyl ketene dimer emulsion in cellulose paper, is dried at 90~110 DEG C and is cured 48-96h to prepare modified paper;Then, the pH is 8.0-9.0 of tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane hydrochloride buffer solution, hydrochloric acid dopamine is dissolved in the buffer solution to form dopamine solution, and the concentration is 0.25~20mg / mL of metal ion solution;Finally, the modified paper is immersed in dopamine solution and metal ion solution in turn, and is dried to obtain composite super-hydrophobic paper.The obtained composite super-hydrophobic paper uses cellulose paper-based material as substrate, and hydrophobic layer and metal polyphenol network layer are formed on the surface in turn, the composite paper has super-hydrophobic performance, water barrier performance and photo-thermal response performance, the preparation process is simple, and is suitable for waterproof packaging, self-cleaning surface, anti-icing and deicing and photo-thermal antibacterial and other fields.

This invention relates to the field of enzyme engineering technology, and in particular to a highly efficient lactone hydrolase mutant for degrading zearalenone and its applications. This lactone hydrolase mutant uses the lactone hydrolase gene from Monosporascus sp. GIB2 as a template, and performs a site-directed mutation at amino acid position 134 to obtain L134A, L134V, L134I, and L134M mutants. Under optimal conditions of pH 9.0 and 60℃, these single-point mutants can efficiently degrade zearalenone (ZEN) within 3 minutes. The enzyme activity for degrading zearalenone is significantly improved compared to the original enzyme, with degradation activities increasing by 1.22 (L134A), 1.25 (L134V), 1.17 (L134I), and 1.14 (L134M), respectively, demonstrating significant applications and economic value in the feed industry.

The application discloses a preparation and by-product recycling process of acesulfame potassium, and belongs to the technical field of food additive production and processing. Amino sulfonic acid is added into N-butyl pyridine hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid and triethylamine in batches to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution; secondly, the mixed solution and diketene are introduced into a micro-channel reactor to perform a condensation reaction; and the discharge liquid is introduced into a polystyrene sulfonic acid resin loaded SO3 fixed bed reactor to perform a cyclization reaction; subsequently, the cyclization product is subjected to hydrolysis, decolorization, potassium salt crystallization and drying to obtain the acesulfame potassium product; and the crystallization mother liquor is separated through a nanofiltration membrane, and the intercepted liquid is an ionic liquid and triethylamine mixture, which is directly reused. The application inhibits the self-polymerization of diketene through the micro-channel reactor, replaces concentrated sulfuric acid with solid acid to avoid waste acid pollution, and realizes efficient recycling of by-products by combining nanofiltration membrane separation and catalytic depolymerization technology, and has the characteristics of green environmental protection and economic efficiency.

The invention belongs to the field of organic synthesis, and discloses a polysubstituted cyclobutanone compound and a preparation method thereof. Comprising the following steps: (1) dissolving a diketone compound, trialkyl phosphite, olefin, a photocatalyst and a reaction solvent in a reaction vessel; carrying out degassing protection by using argon (Ar) or nitrogen; (2) irradiating the reaction solution by using a proper light source, and stirring until the reaction is complete; and (3) after the reaction is completed, recovering the solvent under reduced pressure, and purifying through column chromatography or preparative thin-layer chromatography to obtain the cyclobutanone compound. According to the preparation method of the substituted cyclobutanone compound, the diketone compound is used as the raw material, the synthesis method of the ketene intermediate and the application range of cycloaddition reaction are expanded, and convenience is provided for preparation of various substituted cyclobutanone compounds.

The present invention discloses a ketene selective hydrogenation catalyst, its preparation method, and application. The catalyst is prepared by mixing a carrier in a molten state with an active metal substance and calcining the mixture. The active metal substance is mixed in a mass ratio of the metal element to the carrier of (0.01-0.2):1, preferably (0.02-0.1):1. The carrier is obtained by vulcanizing a resin precursor. The resin precursor is selected from at least one of phenolic resin, furan resin, and urea-formaldehyde resin. The active metal substance is selected from a metal salt or a metal element of at least one of Pd, Pt, and Ru. The catalyst provided by the present invention has the characteristics of uniform composition, small active component particle size, high activity, high product selectivity, and good application effect.

Derivatives of Sabinene (1-isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, CAS No. 3387-41-5), as well as their synthesis and use in organoleptic applications, are described herein. The Sabinene derivatives include a compound having a general Formula (I), wherein --- is a single or a double bond; wherein if --- is a single bond, then Y is selected from the group consisting of CH2R1, CH=C(R2)R3, and (CH2)xCHR3R4; and OR5; wherein if --- is a double bond, then Y is O, N-OMe, or N-OEt; R is selected from the group consisting of H, C(O)-R6, and CH(R6)-OR5; R1 is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxepan, 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one, (CH=CH)x(CH2)nOH, (CH=CH)x(CH2)nCHO, CH(CH3)CO2Et, and CH(CH3)OH; R2 = H or Me; R3 is selected from the group consisting of CHO, CO2Et, (CH2)nOH, (CH2)nCHO, (CH2)nCN, and (CH2)nCO2Bu; and R4 is CHO or CH2OH; or R3 and R4 in combination form a dihydropyran, a tetrahydropyran, a tetrahydropyranol, a tetrahydropyranone, a dimethylcyclohexenone, or a dimethylcyclohexenol; R5 is selected from the group consisting of CH(CH3), CH(CH2CH3), C(CH3)CH3, and C(CH3)CH2CH3; R6 is selected from the group consisting of OMe and Me; x is an integer selected from 0 or 1; and n is an integer selected from 2 to 7; with the proviso that when --- is a double bond and Y is O, then R and R6 are not H.

A composition of unbleached natural brown paper comprising pulp extracted from waste paper material, starch and fillers. The filler may be soapstone, calcium carbonate, clay silica, talc and / or kaolin. Also include may be Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD). The composition may also include enzymes as a surface sizing agent. Also included is a claim to making the composition comprising, extracting the pulp from the waste material, introducing the pulp to a paper manufacturing unit and processing the paper to remove hills and valleys through a size press and a film press.

A composite material comprising an adhesive film comprising a polar polymer bonding layer of ethylene methyl acrylate and ketene vinyl acrylate, and a bonding resin of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, acrylate, or combinations thereof; a metal substrate adhered to the bonding resin; and a polymer layer adhered to the polar polymer bonding layer, the polymer layer comprising polyvinyl chloride.

The present disclosure relates to solid state forms of (7R,14R)-1-(difluoromethoxy)-11-(4-(dimethylphosphoryl)-3-fluorophenyl)-10-fluoro-6-(methyl-d3)-6,7-dihydro-7,14-methanobenzo[f]benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]diazocin-5(14H)-one and salts thereof. Such solid state forms are useful in preparation of pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms for the treatment of disease.

The application belongs to the technical field of medicine synthesis, and particularly relates to a 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptatriene-5-ketone intermediate compound and a method for preparing 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptatriene-5-ketone. The method uses SM-1 as a starting material, reacts with ethanethiol first, and then is coupled with SM-2 to obtain the intermediate compound I-2, and the compound I-2 can be reacted for one step under the action of a catalyst to obtain 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptatriene-5-ketone. The preparation method solves the problems of complex operation and high toxicity in the prior art, is simple to operate, the obtained product has high yield and purity, the reaction period is short, and is suitable for industrial production.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing water-repellent and breathable bamboo fiber paper, comprising the following steps: pulping a bleached bamboo pulp board to prepare a pulp with a beating degree of 45-65°SR, adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin, and then conveying the pulp to a net, pressing, drying, surface sizing, surface spraying, drying, and winding to obtain the water-repellent and breathable bamboo fiber paper. The surface sizing liquid is obtained by compounding a self-made cationic silicone, an alkyl ketene dimer, and water; and the surface is sprayed with self-made modified polyvinyl alcohol to provide the paper with water resistance. The prepared water-repellent and breathable bamboo fiber paper has a basis weight of 25-40g / m 2 , longitudinal tensile strength ≥3.5kN / m, wet tensile strength ≥0.50kN / m, water absorption ≤9.0g / m 2 , air permeability ≥1.0μm / Pa·s, whiteness ≥80%, softness ≤600mN, moisture 5.0%-7.5%, used for breathable base film for sanitary products, and is biodegradable.

The present invention discloses a composition of an unbleached natural brown copier paper without using any bleaching chemicals or dyes comprising of pulp extracted from waste paper material of corrugated cartons, starch, and fillers. It further includes AKD (Alkyl Ketene Dimer) and enzymes. The waste paper material includes the percentage of 30% to 60% old Indian corrugated cartons (OCC), 20% to 70% old imported corrugated cartons (OCC) and 20% to 50% white record / sorted office paper (SOP).

The utility model relates to a water-containing triethylamine automatic water separation device for AKD (alkyl ketene dimer) production. The water-containing triethylamine automatic water separation device comprises a condenser and an automatic water separation tank, the condenser comprises a shell pass inlet, a shell pass outlet I, a shell pass outlet II, a tube pass inlet and a tube pass outlet, the automatic water separation tank comprises a tank body, a layering pore plate and an overflow partition plate are fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the tank body, and an oil passing gap is reserved between the top end of the overflow partition plate and the top wall of the tank body. The interior of the tank body is divided into a pretreatment area, a water drainage area and an oil drainage area, and the water drainage area is located between the pretreatment area and the oil drainage area; the layering pore plate is arranged in the tank body, so that a liquid phase body uniformly enters the drainage area and is layered in the drainage area, a liquid phase positioned on the upper layer of a liquid surface overflows into the oil drainage area through the overflow partition plate and is discharged out of the tank body through the oil phase discharge pipeline, and a liquid phase positioned on the lower layer is discharged out of the tank body through the water phase discharge pipeline, and tedious manual dehydration operation is not needed in the period; the production process is obviously simplified, and the production efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a zingiberenone A-containing composition with repairing and anti-wrinkle effects and a preparation process of the zingiberenone A-containing composition. The composition is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.0015 percent to 2 percent of zingiberenone A, 30 percent to 40 percent of glycerol, 30 percent to 40 percent of propylene glycol, 10 percent to 20 percent of polysorbate-80 and 10 percent to 20 percent of PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil. The preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing the components, heating in a water bath at 40-50 DEG C, and ultrasonically stirring until the components are completely dissolved. Through specific auxiliary material compounding and process, the technical bottleneck of poor water solubility of zingiberenone A is overcome, so that zingiberenone A can be stably applied to cosmetics. Human body efficacy evaluation proves that the composition containing 0.0015% of zingiberenone A has remarkable anti-wrinkle, firming, moisturizing and soothing effects; the composition containing 0.015% of the composition has significant skin barrier repairing, moisturizing and soothing effects, and is mild and non-irritant. According to the invention, stabilization and efficacy verification of zingiberenone A in cosmetics are realized for the first time.

The invention relates to a method for preparing benzothiophene, benzophosphino-role and indene ketene derivatives with high selectivity. The method comprises the following steps: forming benzotitano-role from an aryl Grignard reagent, titanate, cobalt salt, a ligand and alkyne under the action of a deprotonation reagent; and reacting with a sulfur-containing dichloro compound, a phosphine-containing dichloro compound or carbonic ester in situ to respectively obtain a benzothiophene derivative, a benzo phosphino role derivative and an indene ketene derivative. The preparation method has the advantages that the benzothiophene derivative, the benzo phosphino-role derivative and the indene ketene derivative can be prepared by a one-pot method with high selectivity; the catalyst system is simple and cheap; the reaction conditions are mild, various sensitive functional groups are tolerated, and the regioselectivity is high. The method disclosed by the invention is a novel universal preparation method, can be used for preparing different products from the same main raw materials, and is wide in application range and easy to amplify.

The application relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, and discloses a method for synthesizing 4-benzyl-5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1-en-3-ketone compounds. In the application, silane is used as a reducing agent, organic phosphine is used as a ligand, a dibenzylideneacetone compound (I) and an aldehyde compound (II) are subjected to a conjugate reduction / aldol addition series reaction under the catalysis of Cu to obtain a 4-benzyl-5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1-en-3-ketone compound (III). The method carries out two-step series reactions in the same reaction container, does not need to separate reaction intermediates, reduces the operation process of separation and purification, and is simple in operation. The reaction condition is mild, and the reaction can be carried out at normal temperature. The copper catalyst is a non-noble metal catalyst, and has the advantages of wide source and low price.

A method for the industrial production of teprenone and its application. The present invention belongs to the field of teprenone synthesis. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems of the existing teprenone synthesis method, which has a long route, many side reactions, and requires the use of special reagents. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: first, farnesene is reacted with acetoacetate in the presence of a catalyst to obtain farnesene ketone ester, which is then decarboxylated to produce farnesene acetone, and then subjected to a reduction reaction, a halogenation reaction, and a Wittig reaction to obtain teprenone. The method avoids the shortcomings of existing processes, has fewer conversion steps in the synthesis route, and produces teprenone with high yield and purity, making it suitable for industrial production. The teprenone of the present invention is used as a drug for treating gastric diseases.

The invention discloses a diaryl pentane compound as well as a pharmaceutical composition, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of medicines. The preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting vanillin and acetone serving as starting raw materials to generate an (E)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-butene-2-one intermediate, carrying out condensation reaction on the intermediate and a benzaldehyde derivative under an alkaline condition to obtain a conjugated diaryl pentane derivative, and finally, carrying out palladium-carbon catalytic hydrogenation reaction to obtain the 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-butene-2-ketone derivative. The target diaryl pentane derivative can be prepared; 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid and a benzylamine derivative are used as raw materials, the amide diaryl pentane analogue is prepared through an amide condensation reaction, the synthesis process is simple and convenient, and the steps are simple. The diaryl pentane compound prepared by the invention has remarkable alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, can effectively reduce the blood sugar level of mice orally taking cane sugar and starch, and has wide application prospects in blood sugar reducing medicines, weight losing medicines and health-care foods with a blood sugar reducing function.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing jasmine lactone through photocatalytic reaction, and belongs to the field of fine chemicals. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: taking (E)-1, 6-octadiene-3-ketone-2 and iodoacetic acid as raw materials, carrying out photocatalytic reaction to obtain (E)-5-oxo-8-decenoic acid, then reacting with sodium borohydride to obtain (E)-5-hydroxy-8-decenoic acid, and carrying out esterification reaction on a crude product under the catalysis of acid without separation to obtain jasmonlactone. The method for obtaining the jasmine lactone has the advantages of easiness in synthesis of raw materials, mild reaction conditions, low cost and few steps, shows the superiority and simplicity of the synthesis method, and provides a simple way for preparation of the compounds.

The application belongs to the field of organic synthesis and provides a synthesis method of tulikene ketone. The application adopts the design of solid acid-metal trapping catalyst A1-P and TEMPO solid resin catalyst B1-R synergistic catalysis, realizes the cyclization and condensation reaction of citral through the Brønsted acid site constructed by porous silica supported aminopropyl silane and phosphoric acid, combines the selective oxidation reaction of chloromethylated crosslinked polystyrene resin supported TEMPO, and realizes the preparation of beta-tulikene ketone through the double bond migration, dehydration and short path rectification under reduced pressure. The product area percentage is not less than 98.5%, the E configuration content is not less than 92%, the colority is not higher than 40 APHA, and the total heavy metal content is not higher than 5 ppm. The application solves the problems of poor mechanical stability of the catalyst fixed bed, low E configuration selectivity, high colority and heavy metal residue in the traditional process, is suitable for the preparation of food essence and daily chemical essence, and has wide application value.

Disclosed are novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers capable of generating singlet oxygen, compositions comprising at least one novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizer, and uses of the novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers. The compositions are bleaching compositions, comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer, at least one persulfate, at least one alkalizing agent and at least one peroxide source. (Formula I)

The present invention pertains to the field of sizing agents. The present invention relates to an AKD-PEI conjugate and the composition and a preparation thereof. The AKD-PEI conjugate, which comprises a moiety derived from polyethyleneimine (PEI) and a moiety derived from an alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) covalently linked to each other, has improved stability and unexpected multifunctionality, involves simple preparation and low viscosity, and is beneficial for industrial application.

The invention provides a continuous preparation method and device of 5-methyl-3-hexene-2-ketone, and relates to the technical field of organic synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: continuously introducing acetone, isobutyraldehyde and a catalyst for mixing, carrying out aldol condensation reaction, continuously discharging the obtained reaction liquid containing 5-methyl-3-hexene-2-ketone, and carrying out liquid-liquid separation to respectively obtain a water phase and an organic phase; the catalyst in the water phase is recycled and reused for the aldol condensation reaction; the organic phase is subjected to rectification, and a recovery raw material and 5-methyl-3-hexene-2-ketone are obtained respectively; the recycled raw material is used for the aldol condensation reaction. According to the method provided by the invention, efficient, stable, controllable, low-energy-consumption, economical, safe and continuous industrial production of the 5-methyl-3-hexene-2-ketone can be realized. According to the invention, the temperature and the stirring speed of aldol condensation reaction are controlled to be 50-200r / min, so that the yield, the selectivity and the purity of the product are improved.

The present invention aims to provide an aqueous barrier composition and a laminate having excellent barrier properties. The aqueous barrier composition comprises a urethane resin (A) containing a polyol (a1), a polyisocyanate (a2), and a chain extender (a3) ​​as essential reaction components, and one or more waxes (B) selected from the group consisting of paraffin wax, carnauba, and alkyl ketene dimer, wherein the ratio of component (A) to component (B) based on the weight of the non-volatile content is (A) / (B) = 25 / 75 to 95 / 5.