341 results about "Ketene" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of biochemical engineering, in particular to an alcohol dehydrogenase mutant and application thereof. The mutant is obtained by mutating alcohol dehydrogenase with an amino acid sequence encoding SEQ ID NO: 4 at one or more sites selected from 62nd, 108th, 130th, 132, 134, 182nd, 206th, 287th, 303th, 313th and 314, and the mutation is that the amino acid at the site is mutated into one of A, G, V, L, I, P, F, Y, W, S, T, C, M, N, Q, D, E, K, R and H. According to the alcohol dehydrogenase mutant and the application of the alcohol dehydrogenase mutant, the feeding amount of substrates is increased; the high conversion rate (gt; 99%) of the substrate is realized; according to the present invention, the new YqjM has the good product ee value (gt; 98%), and it is determined that the YqjM derived from the bacillus subtilis old yellow enzyme (belonging to ketene reductase) has the optimal catalytic activity, such that the good industrial application performance is provided.

The invention relates to a plasma metabolite composition for auxiliary diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis of dairy cows and application of the plasma metabolite composition. The plasma metabolite combination is a first combination and / or a second combination, and the first combination is composed of glyceryl monolinoleate, 2-methylthiophene, L-cystine, (S)-(+)-citramalic acid, 9-hydroxy-10, 12-octadecadienoic acid, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, tyrosine hydroxyproline, stearoyl serotonin and histamine; the first composition is composed of 4, 5-dimethyl-2, 4, 5-trimethyloxazole, 12, 13-epoxy octadecadienoic acid, 2-cyclotetradecene-1-ketone, 4 [alpha]-carboxyl-5 [alpha]-cholest-8-ene-3 [beta]-alcohol, N-arachidonyl dopamine d8, 9 (Z) and 11 (E)-conjugated linoleic acid, and the second composition is composed of 2, 5-dihydro-2, 4, 5-trimethyloxazole, 12, 13-epoxy octadecadienoic acid, 2-cyclotetradecene-1-ketone, 4 [alpha]-carboxyl-5 [alpha]-cholest-8-ene-3 [beta]-alcohol, N-arachidonyl dopamine A product prepared based on the plasma metabolite composition and used for auxiliary diagnosis of cow subclinical mastitis is simple in use method and high in accuracy, can be used for assisting a milk somatic cell number method to diagnose cow subclinical mastitis, and reduces the probability of false negative and false positive.

The invention relates to a paper substrate bio-based high-barrier Pickering emulsion coating and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of paper coatings, the prepared coating has excellent waterproof and oil-proof performance and is suitable for surface coating of substrates such as paper, the emulsion is prepared by taking glycerol as a plasticizer and chitosan as an oil-proof agent, and the emulsion is prepared by taking the chitosan as an oil-proof agent. The cellulose nanocrystal is used as an emulsifier, and the alkyl ketene dimer AKD and palm wax are used as an oil phase. After the emulsion is coated on the surface of paper, a high-barrier coating with a core-shell structure is formed, and the core-shell structure is clear through electron microscope observation; the hydrophobic angle of the coating can reach 130 degrees to the maximum, and the coating shows remarkable hydrophobicity and oil resistance. The coating is composed of bio-based materials, has the advantages of environmental protection and sustainability, is suitable for application requirements of degradable and green packaging, is simple in preparation process and excellent in performance, and can provide efficient barrier performance for paper packaging materials.

The invention provides a method for preparing tetramethyl cyclobutanedione, which comprises the following steps: (1) absorbing gas rich in dimethyl ketene DMK by a first absorbent to obtain a first absorption solution; (2) carrying out polymerization reaction on the first absorption solution, cooling and separating out a solid product; (3) dissolving the solid product in a second absorbent to prepare a third absorbent; (4) absorbing the gas rich in dimethyl ketene DMK by a third absorbent to obtain a second absorption solution; and (5) carrying out cyclization reaction on the second absorption solution to obtain a TMCB (tetramethyl cyclobutanedione)-containing solution. The method comprises the following steps: reacting an initial absorption solution under a certain condition to form an absorption aid; the auxiliary agent is used for absorbing and improving the yield of the cyclization process, the concentration of DMK in the solution after absorption can be remarkably improved, and the yield of TMCB in the cyclization process is higher than 99.5%.

A method for synthesizing mirogabalin besilate. The method comprises the following steps: subjecting a chiral ketene and cyanoacetate to a condensation reaction under the action of ammonium acetate to obtain an unsaturated cyano ester, then subjecting the unsaturated cyano ester and nitromethane to a condensation reaction to obtain a nitro ester, subjecting the nitro ester to high-temperature de-esterification to obtain a chiral nitronitrile, then subjecting same to nitroreduction to obtain a chiral aminonitrile, subsequently hydrolyzing the chiral aminonitrile to obtain a mirogabalin free alkali, and finally salifying the mirogabalin free alkali and benzenesulfonic acid to obtain mirogabalin besilate. In the present invention, a chiral cyclobutane quaternary carbon center is stereoscopically and specifically constructed to obtain a chiral nitro ester having a single stereoscopic configuration, thereby preventing chiral isomer waste generated by chiral isomer resolution, such that chiral column separation or chiral resolution is not required, the production cost is significantly reduced, and the residue of heavy-metal titanium in a product and environmental pollution caused by solid waste heavy-metal titanium are also prevented.

The invention provides frozen broccoli with improved broccoli flavor. In the frozen broccoli, the ratio of the peak area of phenylacetaldehyde to the peak area of 1-octylene-3-ketone, which is obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, is adjusted within the range of 2.5-5.5.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a spiro [4.5] trienone compound containing difluoro gamma-lactam, which comprises the following steps: reacting an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropanamide compound and an N-allyl-2, 2-difluoro-2-bromo-N-aryl acetamide compound in an argon atmosphere under the action of a photocatalyst and alkali to obtain the spiro [4.5] trienone compound containing difluoro gamma-lactam. And reacting under the irradiation of 467 nm blue light to obtain the spiro [4.5] trienone compound containing difluoro gamma-lactam. The reaction operation is simple and convenient, the product specificity is high, the substrate application range is wide, and the price is low. The invention provides a simple and efficient preparation method of the spiro [4.5] trienone compound containing difluoro gamma-lactam for the first time.

The invention discloses a synthesis method of a felinone intermediate, and relates to the technical field of medicine synthesis. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: firstly, taking a 500ml four-neck flask, adding 200ml of dichloromethane, adding 40g of 3-hydroxypropionitrile, finally adding 5g of a DMAP solid material, and stirring for 1 hour; continuously dropwise adding 50 g of ketene dimer, and after temperature-controlled dropwise adding is completed, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 2 hours to obtain a reaction solution; and taking the reaction liquid, washing with 200ml of saturated saline solution, preserving heat, taking the lower-layer material, washing with 200ml of purified water, preserving heat, taking the lower-layer material, finally washing with 200ml of saturated saline solution, taking the lower-layer material, distilling, and desolventizing to obtain the target product. The preparation method comprises the following steps: putting 40g of a target product and 200ml of DMF (Dimethyl Formamide) into a 500ml four-mouth flask, stirring, then adding 50g of 4-cyano-2-methoxybenzaldehyde into a constant-pressure dropping funnel and the like; the synthesis method is stable in reaction, low in raw material price, reasonable in synthesis route, basically free of by-products in the synthesis process, and high in target product purity.

The present disclosure provides a fluorochemical-free grease barrier paper comprising a base paper, wherein: a first side of the base paper is impregnated with a first composition comprising oxidized starch, dextrin, a crosslinker and a wax, such as alkyl ketene dimer (AKD); and a second side of the base paper is impregnated with a second composition comprising oxidized starch, dextrin and a crosslinker.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and particularly discloses a method for preparing megastigmatrienone, and the method for preparing megastigmatrienone comprises the following steps: taking 5-bromo-1, 3-pentadiene as an initial raw material, and reacting with trivalent phosphine to prepare phosphine salt; carrying out alkali treatment to obtain a Wittig reagent, and carrying out Wittig reaction on the Wittig reagent and acetyl vinyl acetate to obtain acetate-substituted conjugated tetraene; under the co-catalysis of copper and a large-steric-hindrance ligand, carrying out a Diels-Alder reaction with isobutene to construct a six-membered ring; hydrolyzing to obtain alcohol, and oxidizing to obtain ketone; under the acidic condition, conjugated diene at the tail end is subjected to rearrangement isomerization, and megastigmatrienone is obtained; the raw materials and reagents are simple, cheap and easy to obtain, the reaction steps are short, the yield is high, separation is easy, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.

An antifungal composition including a first essential oil, and a second essential oil, where the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof. Further, an antifungal compound including one or more aroma compounds selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, beta-ionone, alpha-ionone, (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)-limonene, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, nerol, linalool, 2-heptanone, alpha-terpineol, beta-damascenone, β-caryophyllene, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, β-myrcene, gamma-octalactone, alpha-humulene, nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,E)-α-farnesene, vanillin, phenylethyl acetate, citral, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, or a combination thereof.

The invention provides a preparation method of environment-friendly straw paper with hydrophobic and lip-sticking-free properties. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively pulping bleached softwood pulp and bleached hardwood pulp, and mixing to obtain a fiber mixture; adding a biological wax waterproof system sizing agent into the fiber mixture, or adding the biological wax waterproof system sizing agent and an antibacterial agent, and adding a wet strength agent and an alkyl ketene dimer, and carrying out net forming treatment; the preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out squeezing dehydration and primary drying treatment on paper pulp subjected to net forming treatment, carrying out surface coating and sizing by adopting a sizing system containing a biological wax waterproof system sizing agent, carrying out secondary drying treatment, and finally sequentially carrying out calendering and coiling to obtain the environment-friendly straw paper. Experiments show that the straw paper disclosed by the invention has the advantages of excellent hydrophobicity, no lip sticking, high strength, high antibacterial property, complete degradability, no toxicity and environment friendliness.

The invention belongs to the field of medicinal chemistry, and particularly relates to a 3, 8-dyhydroxyl-6H-benzo [c] chromene-6-ketone 8-site hydroxyl etherified derivative of a phosphodiesterase 2 inhibitor and application of the 3, 8-dyhydroxyl-6H-benzo [c] chromene-6-ketone 8-site hydroxyl etherified derivative. The 3, 8-dyhydroxyl-6H-benzo [c] chromene-6-ketone 8-position hydroxyl etherified derivative is shown in the specification. According to the invention, 2-bromo-5-hydroxy-benzoic acid is used as a raw material, and etherification, hydrolysis and cyclization are carried out to obtain a final product. The purposes of reducing the reaction time, improving the product purity and improving the reaction yield are achieved by improving the reaction temperature, adjusting the catalyst concentration and optimizing the purification method. Meanwhile, the compound obtained by the invention has good PDE2 inhibitory activity. # imgabs0 #

The invention relates to the technical field of neutral glue for papermaking, and discloses high-performance environment-friendly neutral glue for papermaking, which is prepared from 8 to 15 parts of alkyl ketene dimer, 0.3 to 1.0 part of cationized carboxylated nano cellulose, 5 to 15 parts of starch emulsifier and 1 to 5 parts of auxiliary component, wherein the cationized carboxylated nanocellulose is modified by grafting a cationic polymer, and the cationized carboxylated nanocellulose is adsorbed on an alkyl ketene dimer liquid droplet interface as a solid particle emulsifier in a Pickering emulsifier to form a composite emulsion. A cationic polymer is grafted on the surface of carboxylated nano-cellulose, so that the carboxylated nano-cellulose has cationic electrostatic adsorption and carboxyl interface activity, cationic groups are electrostatically combined with negative electricity fibers, the binding force between the fibers is enhanced, the tensile strength of paper is improved, meanwhile, nano-scale carboxyl adsorbs alkyl ketene dimer liquid drops to form a stable interface film, and the tensile strength of the paper is improved. The sizing efficiency of the neutral glue and the mechanical property of paper are improved.

The invention discloses an (E)-6-(4-carbonyl phenyl) hex-2-ene-1-ketone compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof, the compound can be used as a palmitoyl transferase inhibitor, and the palmitoylation process of substrate protein is further inhibited by inhibiting DHHC protein, so that the inhibition effect on tumor cells is achieved. Embodiments show that the compounds have different degrees of anti-proliferative activity to different cancer cells and different degrees of enzyme inhibitory activity to DHHC proteins, and part of the compounds have better inhibitory activity to cancer cells and DHHC proteins than positive control drugs, and can be further developed into a new generation of antitumor drugs.

The invention provides an ultralow-temperature-resistant fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials. Firstly, alpha, beta unsaturated ketene and diamine are synthesized into a hyperbranched polymer through a one-pot method, a hyperbranched polymer solution serves as a sizing agent to conduct surface treatment on fibers, and then the fibers and ultralow-temperature-resistant thermosetting resin are compounded and cured to obtain the ultralow-temperature-resistant fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material. The hyperbranched polymer with a dendritic three-dimensional space structure is used as an interface phase, has abundant amido bonds, is terminated by primary amine, not only forms intramolecular and intermolecular multiple hydrogen-bond interaction, but also can be chemically reacted with resin to construct a covalent bond-hydrogen bond hybrid cross-linked network, so that the cross-linked network structure is improved; the interface of the fiber reinforced composite material is reinforced and toughened under ultralow temperature and room / ultralow temperature circulation, and the fiber reinforced composite material can be applied to ultralow temperature scenes such as liquid hydrogen storage tanks, conveying pipes, deep space exploration component materials, polar region scientific investigation and icebreaking equipment and the like.

The present invention relates to relates to core-shell microspheres comprising a thermoplastic polymer shell encapsulating a hollow core comprising a core-forming agent which can be a gas or liquid, wherein the thermoplastic polymer shell comprises a copolymer made of at least one cyclic ketene acetal and at least one ethylenically unsaturated comonomer different to the at least one cyclic ketene acetal and to a process of their manufacture. The invention further provides expanded microspheres prepared from thermally expandable core-shell microspheres.

The invention discloses a nano-cellulose modified thermoplastic material composite 3D printing consumable and a preparation method, and relates to the technical field of 3D printing consumables, the nano-cellulose modified thermoplastic material composite 3D printing consumable is formed by mixing nano-cellulose modified pecan shell micro powder and a thermoplastic material according to the mass ratio of 1: (4-5); the nano-cellulose modified hickory nut shell micro-powder is prepared from hickory nut shells, talcum powder, nano-cellulose, cationic starch, alkyl ketene dimer, a coupling agent and a lubricating agent. The thermoplastic material is composed of polylactic acid, poly (adipic acid) / butylene terephthalate, a cellulose biological composite material, a flexibilizer and an antioxidant, and the problems that talcum powder and hickory nut powder are not tightly combined and are prone to falling off and components are unstable are effectively solved by adopting the novel separation device; the tight combination and uniform distribution of the talcum powder and the pecan shell micro powder are ensured, so that the compatibility of the talcum powder and the pecan shell micro powder with a thermoplastic material and the overall performance of the composite material are improved.

This invention relates to the field of chemical synthesis technology, specifically disclosing a high-temperature pyrolysis reaction system and its application. The high-temperature pyrolysis reaction system of this invention employs a two-stage reactor design and is filled with a differentiated catalyst. Combined with acetone as an intermediate feedstock between the two stages, it improves the feedstock conversion rate and the selectivity of the target product. The biomimetic integral catalyst solves the problems of poor mass transfer, high pressure resistance, and backmixing caused by traditional packing materials, achieving precise control of the pyrolysis time and inhibiting secondary polymerization and reverse reactions of the product at high temperatures. Through synergistic optimization of reactor configuration, catalyst structure, and separation technology, the entire system effectively suppresses carbon deposition, achieving efficient preparation of dimethyl ketene. This invention forms an integrated high-temperature pyrolysis reaction system from pyrolysis reactor design, catalyst structure design, and improved separation technology, and applies it to the pyrolysis of isobutyric anhydride to produce dimethyl ketene, achieving high feedstock conversion rate and high selectivity of the target product.

The application discloses a kind of composite super-hydrophobic paper based on alkyl ketene dimer and metal polyphenol network and preparation method thereof, belong to functional paper-based material field.The method is first immersed in 0.25%~5% alkyl ketene dimer emulsion in cellulose paper, is dried at 90~110 DEG C and is cured 48-96h to prepare modified paper;Then, the pH is 8.0-9.0 of tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane hydrochloride buffer solution, hydrochloric acid dopamine is dissolved in the buffer solution to form dopamine solution, and the concentration is 0.25~20mg / mL of metal ion solution;Finally, the modified paper is immersed in dopamine solution and metal ion solution in turn, and is dried to obtain composite super-hydrophobic paper.The obtained composite super-hydrophobic paper uses cellulose paper-based material as substrate, and hydrophobic layer and metal polyphenol network layer are formed on the surface in turn, the composite paper has super-hydrophobic performance, water barrier performance and photo-thermal response performance, the preparation process is simple, and is suitable for waterproof packaging, self-cleaning surface, anti-icing and deicing and photo-thermal antibacterial and other fields.

This invention relates to the field of enzyme engineering technology, and in particular to a highly efficient lactone hydrolase mutant for degrading zearalenone and its applications. This lactone hydrolase mutant uses the lactone hydrolase gene from Monosporascus sp. GIB2 as a template, and performs a site-directed mutation at amino acid position 134 to obtain L134A, L134V, L134I, and L134M mutants. Under optimal conditions of pH 9.0 and 60℃, these single-point mutants can efficiently degrade zearalenone (ZEN) within 3 minutes. The enzyme activity for degrading zearalenone is significantly improved compared to the original enzyme, with degradation activities increasing by 1.22 (L134A), 1.25 (L134V), 1.17 (L134I), and 1.14 (L134M), respectively, demonstrating significant applications and economic value in the feed industry.

The application discloses a preparation and by-product recycling process of acesulfame potassium, and belongs to the technical field of food additive production and processing. Amino sulfonic acid is added into N-butyl pyridine hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid and triethylamine in batches to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution; secondly, the mixed solution and diketene are introduced into a micro-channel reactor to perform a condensation reaction; and the discharge liquid is introduced into a polystyrene sulfonic acid resin loaded SO3 fixed bed reactor to perform a cyclization reaction; subsequently, the cyclization product is subjected to hydrolysis, decolorization, potassium salt crystallization and drying to obtain the acesulfame potassium product; and the crystallization mother liquor is separated through a nanofiltration membrane, and the intercepted liquid is an ionic liquid and triethylamine mixture, which is directly reused. The application inhibits the self-polymerization of diketene through the micro-channel reactor, replaces concentrated sulfuric acid with solid acid to avoid waste acid pollution, and realizes efficient recycling of by-products by combining nanofiltration membrane separation and catalytic depolymerization technology, and has the characteristics of green environmental protection and economic efficiency.

Disclosed herein are salt and solvate forms of. (1S,3′R,6′R,7′S,8′E,11′S,12′R)-6-chloro-7′-methoxy-11′,12′-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,15′H-spiro[naphthalene-1,22′-[20]oxa[13]thia[1,14]diazatetracyclo[14.7.2.03,6.019,24]pentacosa[8,16,18,24]tetraen]-15′-one 13′,13′-dioxide (AMG 176):such as crystalline salt and solvate forms thereof. Also disclosed are methods of making the salt and solvate forms, and methods of treating diseases and disorders with the salt and solvate forms.

The invention belongs to the field of organic synthesis, and discloses a polysubstituted cyclobutanone compound and a preparation method thereof. Comprising the following steps: (1) dissolving a diketone compound, trialkyl phosphite, olefin, a photocatalyst and a reaction solvent in a reaction vessel; carrying out degassing protection by using argon (Ar) or nitrogen; (2) irradiating the reaction solution by using a proper light source, and stirring until the reaction is complete; and (3) after the reaction is completed, recovering the solvent under reduced pressure, and purifying through column chromatography or preparative thin-layer chromatography to obtain the cyclobutanone compound. According to the preparation method of the substituted cyclobutanone compound, the diketone compound is used as the raw material, the synthesis method of the ketene intermediate and the application range of cycloaddition reaction are expanded, and convenience is provided for preparation of various substituted cyclobutanone compounds.

The present invention discloses a ketene selective hydrogenation catalyst, its preparation method, and application. The catalyst is prepared by mixing a carrier in a molten state with an active metal substance and calcining the mixture. The active metal substance is mixed in a mass ratio of the metal element to the carrier of (0.01-0.2):1, preferably (0.02-0.1):1. The carrier is obtained by vulcanizing a resin precursor. The resin precursor is selected from at least one of phenolic resin, furan resin, and urea-formaldehyde resin. The active metal substance is selected from a metal salt or a metal element of at least one of Pd, Pt, and Ru. The catalyst provided by the present invention has the characteristics of uniform composition, small active component particle size, high activity, high product selectivity, and good application effect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a cyclobenzaprine intermediate 5H-dibenzo [a, d] cycloheptatriene-5-ketone. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a magnesium Grignard reagent by taking 2-(2-chlorine or bromostyrene) benzonitrile as an initial raw material, and performing intramolecular cyclization and acidification to obtain a target compound I; the whole process is moderate in reaction temperature and mild in condition, use of expensive catalysts and special production equipment is avoided, and the production cost can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the use of carbon tetrachloride and bromine with higher toxicity is avoided, the operation is safe, and the method is more suitable for industrial application.

The present disclosure relates to the treatment of female sexual dysfunction with chromene-2-one compounds.

Derivatives of Sabinene (1-isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, CAS No. 3387-41-5), as well as their synthesis and use in organoleptic applications, are described herein. The Sabinene derivatives include a compound having a general Formula (I), wherein --- is a single or a double bond; wherein if --- is a single bond, then Y is selected from the group consisting of CH2R1, CH=C(R2)R3, and (CH2)xCHR3R4; and OR5; wherein if --- is a double bond, then Y is O, N-OMe, or N-OEt; R is selected from the group consisting of H, C(O)-R6, and CH(R6)-OR5; R1 is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxepan, 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one, (CH=CH)x(CH2)nOH, (CH=CH)x(CH2)nCHO, CH(CH3)CO2Et, and CH(CH3)OH; R2 = H or Me; R3 is selected from the group consisting of CHO, CO2Et, (CH2)nOH, (CH2)nCHO, (CH2)nCN, and (CH2)nCO2Bu; and R4 is CHO or CH2OH; or R3 and R4 in combination form a dihydropyran, a tetrahydropyran, a tetrahydropyranol, a tetrahydropyranone, a dimethylcyclohexenone, or a dimethylcyclohexenol; R5 is selected from the group consisting of CH(CH3), CH(CH2CH3), C(CH3)CH3, and C(CH3)CH2CH3; R6 is selected from the group consisting of OMe and Me; x is an integer selected from 0 or 1; and n is an integer selected from 2 to 7; with the proviso that when --- is a double bond and Y is O, then R and R6 are not H.

A composition of unbleached natural brown paper comprising pulp extracted from waste paper material, starch and fillers. The filler may be soapstone, calcium carbonate, clay silica, talc and / or kaolin. Also include may be Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD). The composition may also include enzymes as a surface sizing agent. Also included is a claim to making the composition comprising, extracting the pulp from the waste material, introducing the pulp to a paper manufacturing unit and processing the paper to remove hills and valleys through a size press and a film press.

A composite material comprising an adhesive film comprising a polar polymer bonding layer of ethylene methyl acrylate and ketene vinyl acrylate, and a bonding resin of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, acrylate, or combinations thereof; a metal substrate adhered to the bonding resin; and a polymer layer adhered to the polar polymer bonding layer, the polymer layer comprising polyvinyl chloride.