92 results about "Dichroism" patented technology

An optically active nanocomposite material is provided that may have a textured substrate and a multilayer optic stack with a plurality of layers comprising nanoplatelets. The nanoplatelets may be achiral and formed of a material such as transition metal chalcogenides, Mxenes, or nanocarbons. The optically active nanocomposite material displays both linear birefringence (LB) and linear dichroism (LD) and optional circular dichroism (CD). The nanocomposite may have an optical asymmetry g-factor of greater than or equal to about 1. Further, the nanocomposite is thermally stable, for example, to a temperature of greater than or equal to about 250° C. Different methods of fabricating such nanocomposites using layer-by-layer (LBL) processes are also provided.

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising light generating devices (110,120,130), a luminescent material (200), a control system (300), optics (500), a polarization control system (600), a diffuser system (1710), and a light exit (1090); wherein: (I) each of the light generating devices (110,120,130) comprise a solid-state light source (10,20,30); the luminescent material (200) is configured to convert at least part of the device light received by the luminescent material (200) into luminescent material light (201): the diffuser system (1710) is configured to diffuse at least part of the device light received by the diffuser system (1710) into diffused device light (711); (II) the optics (500) comprise redirection optics (510); wherein the redirection optics (510) comprise polarization based redirection optics (PPBS1,PBS2) and dichroic based redirection optics (DBS1,DBS2); (III) a first dichroic redirection optics (DBS1) is configured to combine first device light (111) and second device light (121) received by the first dichroic redirection optics (DBS1); the polarization control system (600) is configured to control a polarization of device light propagating from the first dichroic redirection optics (DBS1) to the first polarization redirection optics (PPBS1) via the polarization control system (600); the first polarization redirection optics (PPBS1) is configured to direct device light received from the first dichroic redirection optics (DBS1), in dependence of its polarization, to one or more of (a) the luminescent material (200) via second dichroic redirection optics (DBS2) and (b) the diffuser system (1710) via second polarization redirection optics (PBS2); the second dichroic redirection optics (DBS2) is configured to direct device light received from the first polarization redirection optics (PPBS1) to the luminescent material (200) and to direct the luminescent material light (201) to the light exit (1090); the second polarization redirection optics (PBS2) is configured to direct the device light received from the first polarization redirection optics (PPBS1) to the diffuser system (1710) and to direct diffused device light (711) to the light exit (1090); and (IV) the control system (300) is configured to control a spectral power distribution of system light (1001) of the light generating system (1000).

The invention provides a high-reliability dye PDLC composition, a PDLC dimming film and a preparation method of the PDLC dimming film. The dye PDLC composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35 to 67 percent of liquid crystal composition, 1 to 8 percent of dichroic dye, 30 to 60 percent of polymer precursor, 0.05 to 3 percent of photoinitiator and 0.2 to 1 percent of spacer particles. The dichroic dye comprises at least one kind of dichroic yellow dye, at least one kind of dichroic red dye, at least one kind of dichroic purple dye and at least one kind of dichroic blue dye. By selecting the specific dichroic dye, the PDLC dimming film is rich and changeable in color and particularly good in black display effect, has the high optical performance that the on-state haze is smaller than 4%, the off-state haze is larger than 95% and the contrast ratio is larger than 5, has excellent UV resistance and heat-resistant stability and is not prone to fading, and therefore the actual requirement for long-term use in various application scenes can be met.

The invention relates to a large-size wide-spectrum infrared color separation film with controllable surface precision and a manufacturing method thereof, the color separation film takes a silicon plain film as a substrate, a color separation film is designed on a light incident surface of the silicon substrate, germanium and zinc sulfide are used as high and low refractive index materials of a reflecting film stack, ytterbium fluoride is added in a matching layer, the film thickness ratio is regulated and controlled, and a thin film deposition process is optimized. The surface type change caused by the film layer is reduced; a thickness compensation film layer is added when the antireflection film is designed on the light transmission surface of the silicon substrate, so that the stress of the antireflection film and the stress of the color separation film are mutually counteracted, and the surface type is controlled. Appropriate substrate temperature, deposition rate and local film layer ion auxiliary deposition are adopted in the preparation of the color separation film, and the environmental reliability is good. The prepared large-size color separation sheet is controllable in surface type, the surface type precision RMS of the color separation surface is 0.028 lambda, the surface type precision RMS of the anti-reflection surface is 0.042 lambda, the large-size color separation sheet can highly reflect a broadband of 2-3.95 microns and highly transmit a broadband of 4.2-5.1 microns, and the large-size color separation sheet can be used for spectrum color separation of a large-view-field infrared optical system.

This invention provides a liquid crystal light control element with which it is possible to achieve both an antiglare function and a heat generation suppression function. According to an embodiment, this liquid crystal light control element is characterized in that: the element includes a pair of transparent electrode substrates having a transparent electrode layer, and a light control layer disposed inside the transparent electrode substrates and containing liquid crystal molecules; the light control layer contains a dichroic dye; and the visible light transmittance of the transparent electrode substrates is 89% or less, and the visible light reflectance of the transparent electrode substrates is 6.5% or more.

The present invention provides an optical laminated film with an adhesive layer that prevents the inclusion of air bubbles near the edges when bonding to the surface of the substrate. [Solution] The adhesive-layered optical laminated film 1A comprises, in this order, a surface protective film 7, an optical laminated film 4A containing a polarizer 2 on which a dichroic dye is adsorbed and oriented, an adhesive layer 5, and a separator 6 that is peelably in contact with the adhesive layer 5. On at least a portion of the side surface of the adhesive-layered optical laminated film 1A, the adhesive layer 5 and the separator 6 protrude outward by 1 μm to less than 10 μm beyond the outermost position of the optical laminated film 4A, and the protruding portion of the adhesive layer 5 is curved upward by 1 μm or more towards the optical laminated film 4A. When the separator 6 is peeled off and the optical laminated film 4A is bonded to the surface of the adherend, the outermost edge of the adhesive layer 5 does not come into contact with the surface of the adherend first, and therefore air bubbles are less likely to be introduced.

The invention relates to a laminate. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laminate capable of suppressing halo phenomenon while ensuring good brightness in a display device capable of local dimming. The solution of the present invention is a laminate comprising a low-reflection film and a functional layer, the low-reflection film having a visible light average reflectance of 0.05% to 5% and a total light transmittance of 93% or more, and the functional layer having an average reflectance of 0.05% to 5% and a total light transmittance of 93% or more. The functional layer is a film obtained by curing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye in a state in which the liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the layer. The amount c (parts by mass) of the dichroic dye contained in the functional layer per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound and the thickness t ([mu] m) of the functional layer satisfy the following formula (1): 5 < = c * t < = 40.

This application discloses a display panel, its manufacturing process, and a display device, relating to the field of display technology. The display panel includes a color filter substrate and an array substrate disposed opposite each other. The display panel also includes a liquid crystal composite layer, an electrode layer, an upper polarizer, and a lower polarizer. The liquid crystal composite layer is disposed between the color filter substrate and the array substrate. The liquid crystal composite layer includes liquid crystal molecules and dichroic dye molecules, with the absorption axis of the dichroic dye molecules perpendicular to the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules. The electrode layer includes a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the array substrate. The first and second electrodes drive the liquid crystal composite layer, which includes a first state and a second state. The first and second electrodes control the switching of the liquid crystal composite layer between the first and second states. The display panel of this application achieves bright and dark states by controlling the switching of the liquid crystal composite layer between the first and second states through the electrode layer.

An image acquisition assembly for an optical instrument comprises a beam-splitting prism (30) with a light-entry surface (31), a dichroic reflective layer (32) or interface, a first light-emission surface (34) and a second light-emission surface (35), at least two image sensors (40, 50), and a mounting device. A first image sensor (40) is located at the first light-emission surface (34) of the prism (30), and a second image sensor (50) is located at the second light-emission surface (35) of the prism (30). The mounting device includes a first socket (60; 60'; 60") for mechanically rigidly connecting the first image sensor (40) to the prism (30) and a second socket (80; 80'; 80") for mechanically rigidly connecting the second image sensor (50) to the prism (30).The first version (60; 60'; 60") has at least one stop for abutting a first stop surface (36) of the prism (30) and for abutting a stop surface (46) on the first image sensor (40). The second version (80; 80'; 80") has at least one stop for abutting a second stop surface of the prism (30) and / or for abutting a stop surface (56) on the second image sensor (50), wherein a defined gap is provided between the prism (30) and the first image sensor (40) and / or between the prism (30) and the second image sensor (50). A defined gap is provided between the prism (30) and the first image sensor (40) and / or between the prism (30) and the second image sensor (50).

The invention relates to a vertical polarizing film. The present invention addresses the problem of providing a vertical polarizing film having low haze, low dye transferability, and excellent light resistance. [Solution] The vertical polarizing film is a cured film of a composition containing two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds and a dichroic dye, and the absorbance of the vertical polarizing film satisfies formula (1) Azgt; (Ax + Ay) / 2, Formula (2) 0.001 < = Ax < = 0.1 and Formula (3) Ax (z = 60) / Axgt; 5, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound shows a smectic liquid crystal phase, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contains the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) at a mass ratio of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) of 85 / 15 to 15 / 85, and the mass of the dichroic dye is less than 2.5 parts by mass when the total mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is taken as 100 parts by mass. The thickness of the vertical polarizing film is 0.65 [mu] m or more.

A spectrometer device comprises at least a first light source (10) emitting light in a first illumination wavelength range and at least a first spectral analyzer (26, 26a) adapted to analyze light in a first analyzer wavelength range. A dichroic first illumination mirror (16, 16a) is provided to reflect light in the illumination wavelength range from the first light source (10) towards a target (12). A dichroic first analyzer mirror (18, 18a) reflects light in the analyzer wavelength range that returns from the target towards the spectral analyzer (26, 26a). The first illumination mirror (16, 16a) is transmissive for light in the first analyzer wavelength range and the first analyzer mirror (18, 18a) is transmissive for light in the first illumination wavelength range. The first illumination mirror (16, 16a) intersects the first analyzer mirror (18, 18a).

This invention provides a diazobiphenyl dye for thin-film polarizers, which is an analog of AD1. Thin-film polarizers prepared using this dye exhibit good optical quality, such as low light scattering, high dichroism ratio, broadband absorption, and / or stability to heat and light irradiation. This invention also provides a method for preparing the diazobiphenyl dye from two different monoazo dyes via a cross-coupling reaction. This method is eco-friendly because it does not use toxic benzidine as a raw material. The product (diazobiphenyl dye) obtained by this method can be purified in a simple and convenient manner, and the diazobiphenyl dye prepared by this method can have a symmetrical or asymmetrical structure. Furthermore, this invention provides a thin-film polarizer comprising the diazobiphenyl dye and an apparatus for display applications comprising the thin-film polarizer.

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising light generating devices (110,120,130), a luminescent material (210), a control system (300), redirection optics (510), a diffuser system (1710), and a light exit (1090); wherein: (A) (i) a first light generating device (110) is configured to provide first device light (111) having a first centroid wavelength (λc1), (ii) a second light generating device (120) is configured to provide second device light (121) having a second centroid wavelength (λc2), and (iii) a third light generating device (130) is configured to provide third device light (131) having a third centroid wavelength (λc3); wherein λc3≠λc1 and λc3≠λc2; wherein the first device light (111), the second device light (121), and the third device light (131) reaching the redirection optics (510) comprise linear polarized light; (B) the luminescent material (210) is configured to convert at least part of device light into luminescent material light (201): (C) the diffuser system (1710) is configured to diffuse at least part of the third device light (131) received by the diffuser system (1710) into diffused device light (711); (D) the redirection optics (510) comprise (a) a first polarizing beam splitter is configured to combine the first device light (111) and the second device light (121); (b) one or more further polarizing beam splitters configured to (a) direct third device light (131) in an optical path to the luminescent element (200) and in an optical path to the diffuser system (1710) in dependence of the linear polarization of the third device light (131), and (ii) split third device light (131) propagating to the diffuser system (1710) from diffused device light (711) emanating from the diffuser system (1710); (c)one or more dichroic based redirection optics are configured to (a) direct the combined device light (116) and at least part of the third device light (131), received from the first polarizing beam splitter to the luminescent element (200), (ii) split the combined device light (116) from the luminescent material light (201), and (iii) direct the luminescent material light (201) and the diffused device light (711) to the light exit (1090); (E) the light generating system (1000) is configured to generate in an operational mode system light (1001) comprising at least part of the luminescent material light (201) and at least part of the diffused light (711), and wherein the system light (1001) is white light; and (F) the control system (300) is configured to control a spectral power distribution of the system light (1001).

The present invention relates to the technical field of dimming films, and particularly to a dye PDLC composition and a PDLC dimming film. Based on the total weight of the dye PDLC composition being 100%, the dye PDLC composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35-66% of a liquid crystal composition, 3-7% of an anthraquinone-type dichroic dye, 30-60% of a polymer precursor, 0.05-3% of a photoinitiator, and 0.2-1% of a spacer. The polymer precursor comprises an oligomer and an active diluent with a mass ratio of 1:(2-7). The components of the dye PDLC composition provided by the present invention act synergistically, and the PDLC dimming film prepared therefrom has a high off-state haze, a low on-state haze, and a low driving voltage, and at the same time has excellent properties such as light absorption and heat insulation, a wide full-light dimming range, and color tunability.

The invention discloses an objective index method for evaluating a dichroism contrast improvement condition. The method comprises the following steps: converting a normal image and a first image represented by a red-green-blue color space into a first conversion image and a second conversion image represented by a laboratory color space; obtaining an initial pixel in the first conversion image; respectively calculating the difference values of the brightness component, the red-green component and the yellow-blue component in the eyes of the person with normal color vision; target pixels which are difficult to distinguish are determined in the initial pixels according to the difference value; respectively calculating a plurality of experimental color differences in combination with the weight adjustment coefficient of the lightness difference; the plurality of experimental chromatic aberration are chromatic aberration of the target pixel in the eyes of the abnormal color vision person and the normal color vision person in the first conversion image and chromatic aberration of the target pixel in the eyes of the abnormal color vision person in the second conversion image, an objective index value corresponding to the first image is calculated in combination with a chromatic aberration value adjustment coefficient, and then an optimal image is screened out.

The present invention relates to the technical field of dimming films, and in particular, to a dye PDLC composition and a PDLC dimming film. Based on the total weight of the dye PDLC composition being 100%, the dye PDLC composition comprises the following components in weight percentage: a liquid crystal composition 35-66%, an anthraquinone-type dichroic dye 3-7%, a polymer precursor 30-60%, a photoinitiator 0.05-3%, and a spacer 0.2-1%, the polymer precursor comprising an oligomer and a reactive diluent in a mass ratio of 1:(2-7). In the dye PDLC composition provided by the present invention, the components synergistically interact, and the PDLC dimming film prepared therefrom exhibits high off-state haze, low on-state haze, and low driving voltage, while also having excellent performance in light absorption and heat insulation, a wide full-light dimming range, and adjustable color.

The invention relates to the technical field of laser, and discloses a high-power yellow-green laser generation method, which comprises the following steps: generating pump light through a first seed source, and generating signal light through a second seed source; after the pump light and the signal light are mixed through the first wavelength division multiplexer, the pump light and the signal light are combined with the light of the first pump source in the beam combiner, and then are subjected to power amplification through the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber to obtain high-power laser; after collimation by the collimator and color separation by the first dichroic mirror, frequency doubling is carried out by the frequency doubling crystal, and finally, high-power yellow-green laser is output by color separation by the second dichroic mirror. The invention discloses an optical fiber laser for generating high-power yellow-green laser, which reduces the number of core devices in an optical path structure, simplifies the optical path structure and control logic, reduces the hardware cost and assembly debugging cost of equipment, and improves the production efficiency. The stimulated Brillouin threshold value of the laser is effectively improved, broadening in the spectrum amplification process is restrained, and meanwhile the stable and good time-domain characteristic can be kept.

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising a first light source (10), a first quarter wave plate (721), a first polarization based beam director (1510), a reflective polarization maintaining diffuser (710), a first additional light source arrangement (1120), and a light exit (1090), wherein the first additional light source arrangement (1120) comprises a second light source (20), a first dichroic based beam director (1620), a second quarter wave plate (722), and a second polarization based beam director (1520). The light generating system (1000) is configured to generate in an operational mode of the light generating system (1000) system light (1001) comprising diffused first light source light (11d) and diffused second light source light (21d).

An optical device may include a light turning element. The optical device can include a first surface that is parallel to a horizontal axis and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The optical device may include a light module that includes a plurality of light emitters. The light module can be configured to combine light from the emitters, for example using at least one dichroic combiner and / or a light integrator. The optical device can further include a light input surface that is between the first and the second surfaces and is disposed with respect to the light module to receive light. The optical device may include an end reflector that is disposed on a side opposite the light input surface. The light coupled into the light turning element may be reflected by the end reflector and / or reflected from the second surface towards the first surface.

This invention discloses a controller capable of switching terahertz wave circular dichroism (CD) and linear dichroism (LD). The controller comprises a dielectric layer embedded in a U-shaped silicon rod, a dielectric layer embedded in a metal open square ring, a dielectric layer, and a base layer. The interaction between the top composite structure and the dielectric layer generates strong circular dichroism (CD). The controller can also achieve switching between CD and LD by varying the conductivity of the photosensitive silicon pump light. The controller has a simple structure and can achieve dual-polarization dichroism. It has broad application prospects in fields such as polarization detection and near-field imaging.

The invention relates to laminated glazing (1) with variable light transmission by liquid crystals, the glazing including at least a first main glass substrate (10), a second main glass substrate (11), at least one liquid crystal cell (2) including dichroic dyes, the cell (2) being arranged between the first and second glass substrates (10, 11), and at least one UV filter (3) blocking UV up to 380 nm, characterised in that the laminated glazing further comprises a first filtering element (5) which filters visible light in the wavelength range A of 380 to 450 nm, and a second filtering element (6) which filters visible light in the wavelength range B of 451 to 700 nm, such that the laminated glazing, in its clear state with maximum light transmission, has an average transmission T(A) of less than 30% over the wavelength domain A, an average transmission T(B) of 0.1 to 40% over the wavelength domain B, and colorimetric transmission coordinates a* of -6 to 5, preferably of -4 to 0, and b* of -5 to 5, preferably of -3 to 3.

To provide an optical laminate fabricated using a dye-based polarizing film, which exhibits excellent haze reliability. [Solution] An optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises, in this order, an absorbing polarizing member including an absorbing polarizing film, a resin layer, and a film member, wherein the absorbing polarizing film contains an organic dye exhibiting dichroism, the resin layer is directly adjacent to the absorbing polarizing film, and the elastic modulus of the resin layer at 85°C is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 It is Pa or higher.

A system for single photon absorption based vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing with photoinhibition induced curb and photoexcitation induced cure (SPA2CurbCure), comprising: a build chamber; a two-wavelength projection irradiation unit delivering a patterned photo-curbing exposure mask and a patterned photo-curing exposure mask, respectively, to create a curing region of initiating chemicals surrounded by a distribution of inhibiting species; wherein a curing light beam comprising light having a first wavelength and a curbing light beam comprising light having a second wavelength from the irradiation unit are manipulated into adjacent complementary exposures, combined by a dichroic beam splitter and collimated into a target resin material in the build chamber.

Techniques are provided for recycling polarization and managing color within a compact optical illumination architecture. An LED array is segmented by color channels and coupled to a condenser lens array to collimate and homogenize irradiance. A polarization-recycling prism includes internal polarization interfaces and dichroic coatings configured for complementary spectral routing across wavelength bands. A polarization assembly, disposed within or adjacent to the prism and including a retarder plate and reflector, is utilized to convert light reflected in a first polarization state to a second polarization state for transmission through the prism.

The present invention relates to an optical laminate (100, 110) comprising a first support (10), a second support (10), and a polarizing element (20) disposed between the first support (10) and the second support (10). The polarizing element (20) includes one or more dyestuff-based dichroic dyes having a dichroic ratio (Rd) of 38 or more at the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax). Furthermore, the optical laminate (100, 110) has a luminosity-corrected transmittance (Ys) of 43% to 55%, and a luminosity-corrected polarization degree (Py) of 78% to 85%.

The invention discloses a linearly polarized light detector based on surface acoustic waves, and a preparation method and a detection method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of optical detection. The linearly polarized light detector based on the surface acoustic wave comprises a piezoelectric substrate, wherein a photosensitive layer, an input interdigital transducer and an output interdigital transducer are arranged on the piezoelectric substrate; the input interdigital transducer and the output interdigital transducer are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the photosensitive layer; wherein the photosensitive layer is of a composite heterojunction structure, and the composite heterojunction structure comprises a metal film layer, a flexible elastomer layer, a two-dimensional anisotropic semiconductor layer and a metal particle layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top. On the premise that the complexity and the preparation difficulty of the device are not remarkably increased, the linearly polarized light sensitivity of the two-dimensional anisotropic semiconductor material is effectively enhanced, the dichroism ratio of photo-generated current is improved, and passive and wireless polarization detection of visible light and near-infrared light is achieved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of material property measurement, and discloses a device for measuring linear optical effect through light transmissivity, which comprises an optical platform, a laser is mounted on the optical platform, an attenuator is arranged on the right side of the laser, a beam splitter is arranged on the right side of the attenuator, a polarizer is arranged on the right side of the beam splitter, and the polarizer is arranged on the right side of the beam splitter. A quarter-wavelength wave plate is arranged on the right side of the polarizer, a diaphragm is arranged on the right side of the quarter-wavelength wave plate, a film sample is arranged on the right side of the diaphragm, and a first optical detector is fixedly installed on the right side of the optical platform. According to the utility model, the polarization analyzer driven by the rotating table is combined with the optical detector I, so that the light transmission intensities at different angles can be measured. In combination with the reference light intensity measured by the second light detector, the light transmissivity at different angles can be obtained, so that the dichroism and birefringence effect information of the sample can be obtained.

A liquid crystal element including: two substrates having a transparent conductive layer formed thereon, the substrates being arranged so that the transparent conductive layers face each other, and a liquid crystal-polymer composite film sandwiched between the two substrates having a transparent conductive layer, wherein the liquid crystal-polymer composite film includes a polymer matrix and a liquid crystal composition surrounded by the polymer matrix, the liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal component and a dichroic dye, the liquid crystal component has positive dielectric constant anisotropy, and has an NI point of 110° C. or higher and 150° C. or lower, the liquid crystal component has a refractive index anisotropy of 0.01 or more and 0.1 or less, and the liquid crystal-polymer composite film can be switched between a transparent state and a colored state by applying a voltage.

An object is to provide a polarizing plate, a circularly polarizing plate, and a method for producing a polarizing plate, each of which can accomplish both of the antireflection effect for external light and an improvement in the utilization efficiency of light emitted by a light emitting element, in a case of being used in a self-luminous display device using an inorganic EL element, an organic EL element, or the like. The polarizing plate is a polarizing plate having an alignment film and a polarizer layer including a dichroic coloring agent, in which the polarizing plate has a plurality of through-holes that penetrate the alignment film and the polarizer layer, and the light transmittance in a portion where the alignment film and the polarizer layer are present is 80% or less.

The present invention belongs to the field of liquid crystal material technology, and specifically relates to a dichroic dye composition and a dye-liquid crystal mixture containing the same. The dichroic dye composition comprises at least one dichroic dye represented by general formula I, at least one dichroic dye represented by general formula II, at least one dichroic dye represented by general formula III, and at least one dichroic dye represented by general formula IV. The dichroic dye composition can absorb wavelengths covering the entire visible light region and portions of the ultraviolet and near-infrared regions. The dye-liquid crystal mixture comprises the dichroic dye composition as a guest and a liquid crystal composition as a host, wherein the liquid crystal composition has a low Abbe number and relatively low viscosity, and has high solubility in the dichroic dye composition. The resulting dye-liquid crystal mixture exhibits excellent light and heat stability and exhibits high light-dark contrast when used in VA-type liquid crystal devices. #imgabs0#