The invention relates to a rigid polyurethane casting material and a preparation method thereof. The rigid polyurethane casting material is prepared from a component A and a component B, wherein the component A is polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanic acid ester of which NCO accounts for 30.5-32.5% in percentage by mass, the functionality degree of the component A is within 2.5-3.0, and the use amount of the component A is 100 parts by weight; the component B comprises the following components: 30-80 parts of polyester polyol, 10-30 parts of polyether polyol, 20-50 parts of flame-retardant polyhydric alcohol, 4-5 parts of foam stabilizer, 0.5-2 parts of catalyst, 8-30 parts of foaming agent, 2-8 parts of chain extender, 1-4 parts of cross-linking agent and 10-30 parts of flame retardant. The rigid polyurethane casting material provided by the invention has the characteristics of light weight, high specific strength, good sound insulation property, rich foam pore in a sealed manner, low heat conduction coefficient, good corrosion resistance, good shake resistance, good size stability and the like, is applicable to various crack filling materials, repairing materials, building wall body heat-preservation materials, sound insulation materials and the like, and is good in flame retardance.