The invention discloses a Raman spectroscopy-heavy water isotope labeling based rapid detection method for the drug susceptibility of drug-resistant bacteria and a judgment method for rational drug use. Directed at the disadvantage of long time in traditional drug susceptibility detection, the invention utilizes the principle that drug-resistant bacteria and sensitive bacteria have different activities under the action of antibiotics and accordingly C-D Raman peaks have different intensities, and realizes rapid detection of drug susceptibility within 0.5-1h. A to-be-detected object is incubated in a culture solution containing heavy water, wherein the group containing antibiotics is adopted as the treatment group, and the group without antibiotics is adopted as the control group, the incubated to-be-detected object is subjected to centrifugal cleaning, then Raman detection is carried out, the C-D/(C-D+C-H) values of the treatment group and the control group are calculated respectively,and the ratio of the treatment group and the control group is taken as the judgment standard, if the value is smaller than or equal to 0.75, the detected object can be susceptible to antibiotics, andif the value is greater than 0.75, the detected object can be resistant to the antibiotics. The method is simple, is easy for operation and analysis, and is suitable for different antibiotics and different bacteria, thus having clinical application prospects.