2165 results about "Photoelectric conversion efficiency" patented technology

This invention discloses a fluorene-based organic small molecule hole transport material and its applications. The general structural formula of the fluorene-based organic small molecule hole transport material is as follows: where n = 1-4, and R represents the hole transport capacity. This fluorene-based organic small molecule hole transport material is used as an undoped hole transport material in perovskite solar cell devices. By introducing dicarboxylic acid groups onto the fluorene-based organic small molecule hole transport material, when used in an inverted perovskite solar cell device, it can form chemical bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the glass conductive substrate, forming a directionally aligned self-assembled layer on the surface of the glass conductive substrate. This effectively improves the charge transport capability at the interface and increases the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell device. Furthermore, since this perovskite solar cell device does not contain lithium salts, it exhibits high water and oxygen stability. In addition, the synthesis process of this fluorene-based organic small molecule hole transport material is simple, and the raw materials are inexpensive and readily available, making it highly valuable for practical applications.

The invention discloses a solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof, and a photovoltaic module, and relates to the field of photovoltaic technology. The solar cell includes: a semiconductor substrate having a first surface including a first region and a second region adjacent to a first cut side; the second region comprises a step structure, an included angle is formed between the side wall of the step structure and the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate, the first region is provided with a first pyramid structure, and the bottom wall of the step structure is provided with a first texture structure or a second pyramid structure; the first doping layer is arranged on the first region, and the height of the bottom wall of the step structure is lower than that of the first doping layer; the first passivation layer is arranged on one side, deviating from the semiconductor substrate, of the first doping layer and is arranged on the second region; the second passivation layer is arranged on the edge, close to the second area, of the first area, part of the second area and the first cutting side face. The passivation effect near the cutting side face is improved, carrier recombination is reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.

The invention provides a perovskite thin film and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of perovskite thin films, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing modified octa (aminophenyl trioxosilane); s2, preparing a precursor solution; and S3, spin-coating the pretreated substrate with the precursor solution, dropwise adding ethyl acetate at the same time, performing illumination treatment under ultraviolet light, and then immediately performing micro-vibration and curing annealing on the substrate to obtain the perovskite thin film. According to the perovskite thin film obtained by the invention, the purposes of synchronously increasing the open-circuit voltage and the filling factor of a solar cell, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and enhancing the long-term stability can be achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and provides a dibenzofuranyl carbazole derivative and a preparation method and application thereof.The dibenzofuranyl carbazole derivative takes dibenzofuranyl carbazole as a functional group, molecular ordered accumulation is optimized, and hole mobility is remarkably improved; an alkyl carbon chain is used as a linking group, a phosphate group at the tail end is an anchoring group, perovskite interface defects can be effectively passivated, the energy loss at the interface can be reduced, single molecule self-assembly can be realized, the cell performance can be improved, and as a self-assembly monomolecular layer hole transport material, a perovskite solar cell has relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved. The service life is long; and the stability is high.

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly discloses a climate self-adaptive photovoltaic cooling method and system based on interface evaporation, and the system comprises a hydrophilic and hydrophobic composite radiation refrigeration film which is used for capturing atmospheric moisture through a radiation refrigeration effect under a low-radiation condition to form a cooling water source; the bionic water conveying structure comprises a modified silicone tube and a juncus roemerianus bundle and is used for conveying the captured water to the high-level water tank through capillary action; according to the invention, by fusing interface evaporation and radiation refrigeration technologies, the system realizes efficient cooling and energy recovery of the photovoltaic module; under the condition of strong irradiation, the gradient wettability interface evaporation layer takes away waste heat of the module through directional water film flow, so that the temperature of the photovoltaic module is reduced, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the daily generating capacity is increased; the cooling effect is obviously better than that of a traditional natural convection or phase change material cooling mode, and efficient heat transfer is achieved through phase change latent heat utilization of interface evaporation.

In the field of photovoltaic power generation, a solar cell and a solar cell module capable of improving photoelectric conversion efficiency are provided. [Solution] The solar cell has a first surface and a second surface arranged back to back, and the first surface has first and second regions arranged alternately, and the second region includes a substrate having a groove formed in it relative to the first region, a passivation contact structure located in the first region, a passivation layer covering the surface of the passivation contact structure and the inner wall surface of the groove, and a first electrode located on the passivation layer and electrically connected to the passivation contact structure, and the side of the groove or the side of the passivation contact structure has a recess that is recessed inward along a first direction that is the direction from the second region to the first region, and the recess includes a continuous first side surface and a second side surface, the first side surface is connected to the first region, and the angle between the first side surface and the second side surface is a first obtuse angle.

The invention relates to a compound, a preparation method, a hole transport layer material, a photovoltaic device and a photovoltaic module. R1 and R4 are respectively and independently selected from amino and derivatives thereof, hydroxyl and derivatives thereof, methoxyl and derivatives thereof, sulfydryl and derivatives thereof, methylthio and derivatives thereof, thiophene groups and derivatives thereof, phosphate groups and derivatives thereof, carboxylic acid groups and derivatives thereof, and sulfonic acid groups and derivatives thereof; r2 and R3 are independently selected from alkyl, a phosphate group and derivatives thereof, a carboxylic acid group and derivatives thereof, a sulfonic acid group and derivatives thereof, and trimethoxysilyl propyl and derivatives thereof. The material is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices and photovoltaic modules.

The utility model discloses a perovskite battery assembly, a photovoltaic assembly and electric equipment, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The perovskite battery assembly comprises a first substrate and a perovskite battery functional layer. The perovskite cell function layer comprises a first electrode layer, a perovskite light absorption layer and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer comprises a first scribe line, the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a second scribe line group corresponding to the first scribe line, and the second scribe line group comprises a plurality of second scribe lines, the perovskite light-absorbing layer and a third scribe line of the second electrode layer. Since the second lineation group comprises a plurality of second lineation lines, the second electrode layer can be connected with the first electrode layer through the plurality of second lineation lines, and the area of the dead zone of the perovskite cell function layer can be reduced by designing the first part and the second part in the third lineation line. And the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery assembly is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric detection, and discloses a molybdenum ditelluride / nickel ditelluride heterojunction-based photoelectric detector and a preparation method and application thereof, and the molybdenum ditelluride / nickel ditelluride heterojunction-based photoelectric detector is prepared by stripping single crystal molybdenum ditelluride onto an oxide layer silicon substrate through a mechanical stripping method to obtain a molybdenum ditelluride nanosheet; a nickel ditelluride nanosheet is obtained through a chemical vapor deposition method; the molybdenum ditelluride nanosheet is transferred to the nickel ditelluride nanosheet through a PVA dry transfer method to form an overlapped part, and a molybdenum ditelluride / nickel ditelluride heterojunction is formed; and preparing electrodes at two ends of the molybdenum ditelluride / nickel ditelluride heterojunction through electron beam evaporation or thermal evaporation. The photoelectric detector utilizes a built-in electric field generated by a two-dimensional material heterojunction interface to effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and response speed of a visible light wave band.

The invention discloses a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells. SAM molecules are introduced between the hole transport layer and the perovskite active layer, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is improved, an interface modification layer comprising a sheet-shaped P-type semiconductor material is further introduced at the interface of the hole transport layer and the SAM layer, the interface of the hole transport layer / the SAM layer / the perovskite active layer is improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is improved. The hole transport layer and the perovskite active layer are separated from each other, the energy level difference between the functional layers is reduced, the carrier extraction and transmission of an interface are enhanced, the sheet structure of the sheet P-type semiconductor material can cooperate with the compact SAM layer to block the direct contact between the hole transport layer and the perovskite active layer, and the hole transport efficiency is improved. And the reduction reaction of halide ions in an interinterface hole transport material and a perovskite material is effectively prevented.

The invention discloses a solar cell, a cell module and a photovoltaic system. The solar cell comprises a silicon substrate, a plurality of first doped regions and a plurality of second doped regions, wherein the first doped regions and the second doped regions are arranged on the first side of the silicon substrate; the first doped region and the second doped region are sequentially arranged along the first direction and are arranged at an interval; an isolation groove is arranged between the adjacent first doped region and second doped region, and the isolation groove is used for isolating the first doped region and the second doped region; the isolation grooves comprise first isolation grooves and second isolation grooves, and the first isolation grooves and the second isolation grooves are sequentially arranged at intervals in the first direction; the width of the first isolation groove along the first direction is smaller than that of the second isolation groove along the first direction, and the vertical projection of at least one of two opposite side walls of the second isolation groove along the first direction on the silicon substrate comprises a first concave-convex structure. The risk of hidden crack of the cell can be reduced, the reliability of the cell is improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is improved.

The invention provides a preparation method of a surface structure of a back contact battery, which relates to the technical field of back contact batteries, and comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out double-sided polishing on the surface of a silicon wafer: firstly carrying out rough polishing, removing a damaged layer on the surface of the silicon wafer, then cleaning with acid and ozone, then carrying out fine polishing, then cleaning with a mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide and alkali, and then carrying out acid pickling with ozone, then cleaning with a mixed solution of acid and hydrogen peroxide, and finally washing and drying; sequentially depositing a tunneling oxide layer and amorphous silicon on a single surface at high temperature; and performing high-temperature diffusion on the surface to form a crystallized first semiconductor region and a mask layer BSG. According to the invention, the specific suede structure is formed on the front surface, and the polished surface is formed on the back isolation base region, so that high reflectivity of the back isolation base region is ensured, the specific suede structure on the front surface can be independently designed, and meanwhile, a double-surface ozone oxidation process is added; therefore, the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the cell are improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is improved.

The invention discloses metallized silver paste for improving sintering dusting of a TOPCon battery, a preparation method and application, and belongs to the technical field of solar battery manufacturing, and the technical scheme is that the metallized silver paste comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 72-87% of a metal phase; 3-9% of a glass phase; 8-12% of an organic carrier; 0.1%-0.5% of a polyimide precursor; 0.1 to 0.5 percent of cerium oxide; wherein the polyimide precursor forms a cross-linked network at a high temperature, the cerium oxide is used as a passivation layer protective agent, and lithium borosilicate glass is also added into the glass phase; according to the metalized silver paste for improving the sintering dusting of the TOPCon cell, the preparation method and the application, the dusting rate is reduced by improving and optimizing materials and process parameters, and compared with a traditional process, the efficiency, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the yield of the solar cell are further improved.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic module with an enhanced passive heat dissipation structure, belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and aims to solve the problem that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is reduced due to temperature rise. The assembly comprises a photovoltaic cell panel assembly, a first fin group and a second fin, wherein each first fin group consists of four parts, namely a first sub-fin, a second sub-fin, a third sub-fin and a fourth sub-fin, the first fin groups are arranged in rows, and the second fins are arranged between the adjacent first fin groups in each row. The photovoltaic module with the enhanced passive heat dissipation structure has the beneficial effects that the photovoltaic module with the enhanced passive heat dissipation structure is reasonable in structure and feasible in technology, heat dissipation can be effectively improved by adopting passive heat transfer modes such as unpowered natural convective heat transfer and radiation heat transfer, autonomous cooling of the photovoltaic module is realized, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved, and the service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged. And the generating capacity of the photovoltaic field station can be improved.

The invention discloses an indolocarbazole compound, a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, the indolocarbazole compound provided by the invention is an organic small molecule material and has an asymmetric molecular structure, and an asymmetric conjugated structure system of the indolocarbazole compound enhances the molecular dipole moment and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency. And the energy level matching is optimized. Meanwhile, benzene ring groups on side chains of molecules of the organic hole transport layer can further inhibit excessive aggregation of the molecules, uniform coverage is achieved, and efficient transport of carriers is achieved. Therefore, when the indolocarbazole compound organic small molecule material is used as a hole transport layer material for a perovskite solar cell, the energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital HOMO and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO of the indolocarbazole compound organic small molecule material provided by the invention can be well matched with the energy level of an active layer material; therefore, the collection efficiency of current carriers is greatly improved, and the filling factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses a carbazole phosphonate-thiophene copolymer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The structural formula of the carbazole phosphonate-thiophene copolymer is shown as a formula (I), according to the invention, the carbazole phosphonate compound and the thiophene compound are copolymerized, and the obtained copolymer is used for preparing the hole transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, so that the perovskite solar cell has relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be kept in a humid and hot environment.

The invention discloses a perovskite solar cell based on buried interface modification and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention relates to an application of 2-(acrylamide) benzoic acid and / or 2-(4-pentenoylamido) benzoic acid in a trans-perovskite solar cell buried interface modifier. According to the invention, 2-(acrylamide) benzoic acid and / or 2-(4-pentenylamido) benzoic acid are / is used as a buried interface modifier, such molecules take benzoic acid as an anchoring group, and through the synergistic effect among carboxyl, amido and carbon-carbon double bonds, the defects at the thin film grain boundary of the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer are reduced; according to the invention, the NiOX thin film is introduced into the small molecules, and the alkyl chain is further introduced into the small molecules and can effectively fill small recesses and holes in the NiOX thin film, so that the flatness of the NiOX thin film is improved, a compact and compact modification layer is formed, the morphology of the perovskite layer thin film is further regulated and controlled, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is improved.

The invention discloses a full-perovskite laminated solar cell based on narrow-band-gap buried interface modification and a preparation method and application of the full-perovskite laminated solar cell. According to the preparation method of the full-perovskite laminated solar cell based on narrow-band-gap buried interface modification, hydrazine sulfate and lead iodide are introduced to serve as an interface modification layer between a narrow-band-gap perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and through the synergistic effect of the hydrazine sulfate and the lead iodide, surface defects of the hole transport layer can be effectively passivated; moreover, the hole mobility can be improved remarkably, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is improved based on the preparation method of the full-perovskite laminated solar cell. The full-perovskite laminated solar cell has high photovoltaic performance and can be widely applied to the photoelectric field.

The invention provides a surface-emitting gallium nitride VCSEL laser chip and an epitaxial defect suppression preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of laser chips, the surface-emitting gallium nitride VCSEL laser chip comprises a substrate, a low-temperature nucleating layer, a high-temperature recovery layer, a stress regulation type nano mask composite defect blocking layer, an n-type nitride DBR reflector, an active region, a polarization enhanced tunnel junction and the like, the defect blocking layer adopts an in-situ silicon nitride nano-porous mask layer to be matched with an aluminum gallium nitride / gallium nitride stress compensation superlattice layer, through pulse type lateral epitaxial overgrowth annihilation penetrating dislocation, and the n-type nitride DBR reflector adopts an AlInN / GaN lattice matching material system to be combined with a hydrogen etching interruption modification technology, so that thick film growth with zero cracks and high reflectivity is realized; a polarization enhanced tunneling junction is used at the top to replace ITO, and the hole tunneling probability is enhanced by piezoelectric polarization in InGaN, so that efficient current injection with low working voltage and no absorption loss is realized, the dislocation density and the device voltage are remarkably reduced, and the yield of an epitaxial wafer and the photoelectric conversion efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses conductive silver paste for a solar cell and application of the conductive silver paste, and belongs to the technical field of conductive silver paste. According to the invention, the prepared silver paste is printed on a silicon wafer cell in a silk-screen printing manner, so that the good rheological property of printing can be obtained. And a rheometer is introduced for testing, and an SEM scanning electron microscope is introduced for checking the surface appearance of the silver grid line. The invention discloses a TOPCon silicon wafer for a silicon solar cell, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 82-90% of silver powder, 20-30% of glass powder and 20-30% of organic carrier. 2-5% of glass powder; and 8-13% of an organic carrier. The conductive silver paste with good rheological property is prepared by using a mixture of polyamide wax and hydrogenated castor oil in a mass ratio of 1: 1 as a thixotropic agent. The main grid silver paste for the silicon solar cell provided by the invention can be well matched with step-by-step printing of a cell piece, different proportions of the binder and the thixotropic agent are used, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is high, the peeling strength of the main grid is high, and the step-by-step printing main grid paste requirements of current different types of paste and cell pieces can be well met.

The invention discloses a back contact solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of solar cells. The back contact solar cell comprises a silicon substrate, first doped regions, second doped regions and isolation regions, the first doped regions, the second doped regions and the isolation regions are arranged on a first main surface of the silicon substrate, the first doped regions and the second doped regions are arranged alternately, and the isolation regions are located between the adjacent first doped regions and second doped regions; the tunneling passivation layer is arranged in the first doped region and the isolation region; the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer is arranged on the outer side of the tunneling passivation layer of the isolation region; the first doped polycrystalline silicon layer is arranged on the outer side of the tunneling passivation layer of the first doped region and comprises first doped atoms; the emitting electrode is arranged in the second doped region and comprises second doped atoms; the conduction types of the first doping atoms and the second doping atoms are opposite; the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer and the first doped polycrystalline silicon layer are located on the same layer. According to the embodiment, the influence of laser etching on the cell can be reduced, the preparation process is shortened, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is improved.

The invention discloses a solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module, the solar cell comprises a silicon substrate, the backlight surface of the silicon substrate comprises a first area and a second area, the first area comprises a plurality of polishing structures and a plurality of light trapping structures protruding relative to the polishing structures, the light trapping structure comprises one or more combinations of a pyramid, a prismatic table, a pyramid-like pyramid or a prismatic table-like pyramid, the diameter of the light trapping structure is 2-20 microns, and the height of the light trapping structure is 0.2-3 microns. The method can effectively improve the light absorption of the backlight surface of the silicon substrate, gives consideration to the improvement of the passivation performance of the backlight surface of the silicon substrate and the reduction of the film explosion risk, and finally achieves the further improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a full back contact type series perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The solar cell sequentially comprises a glass substrate, a perovskite light absorption layer, a patterned hole transport layer, a patterned electron transport layer, an insulating layer, a patterned electrode layer, a packaging adhesive film and backboard glass from a light incidence side to a back side, the patterned hole transport layers and the electron transport layers are located on the same horizontal plane and are alternately distributed at intervals, and charge collection in the cell unit and electrical series connection between adjacent units are achieved through the same patterned electrode layer. According to the invention, the glass substrate side is used as a light incident surface, the front electrode shading is eliminated, and the carrier recombination loss is effectively reduced in combination with the back contact structure; meanwhile, the preparation process is greatly simplified through the integrated coplanar electrode and the patterning design, the series resistance and the production cost are reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the production yield and the industrial application prospect of the cell are remarkably improved.

The invention provides a high-efficiency back contact solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The back surface of the cell sequentially comprises a substrate, a composite back passivation layer, P-type electrodes and N-type electrodes, wherein the P-type electrodes and the N-type electrodes are arranged on the back surface of the cell in a staggered manner; the composite back passivation layer is a SiO2 / Al2O3 double-layer passivation layer; the composite back passivation layer is etched to form a contact window, and a P-type doped region and an N-type doped region are formed in the contact window region. According to the high-efficiency back contact solar cell and the preparation method thereof, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is effectively improved, the manufacturing cost is reduced, the comprehensive performance of the solar cell is improved, and the preparation method can simplify the process steps and reduce the process difficulty and the dependence on high-precision equipment, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a hybrid energy storage power supply system for diesel engine replacement and an energy management method, and relates to the technical field of hybrid energy storage power supply and management methods. An assembly with the photoelectric conversion efficiency exceeding 23% and a 10KV-level string type inverter are adopted, and a photovoltaic-energy storage combined MPPT control function is integrated; the lithium iron phosphate energy storage system is matched with a bidirectional PCS and an active equalization technology, and is designed according to 1.5 times of daily peak-valley difference and 2 hours of emergency standby power; the diesel generating set group is started in a grading manner according to load gaps, and is matched with a 10KV / 380V intelligent charging unit; the coordination control center realizes two-dimensional prediction and coordinated scheduling based on an LSTM neural network, couples each unit through a 10KV intelligent bus system, divides load priorities, collects meteorological and equipment parameters, and constructs photovoltaic priority consumption, energy storage stabilization fluctuation, diesel generator guarantee emergency, and flexible and adjustable charging operation modes. The method has the advantages that the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the power supply stability is enhanced, the whole-cycle cost is reduced, limited operation and maintenance scenes are adapted, and diversified power supply requirements are met.

The invention discloses solar conductive silver paste and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation raw materials of the solar conductive silver paste comprise the following components in parts by weight: 65-92 parts of silver powder, 2-30 parts of silicide powder, 1-5 parts of glass powder and 4-15 parts of an organic carrier. By selecting the silicide powder and controlling the mass ratio of the silicide to the silver powder to be within the range, on one hand, the silver-silicon contact quality of a solar cell is improved, and the solar conductive silver paste capable of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency is developed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic solar materials, and discloses a method for modifying a calcium iron ore solar cell by a small molecule buried interface, which is used for solving the problems of low photoelectric conversion efficiency and poor stability of a perovskite solar cell. Halogenated monothiadiazole or halogenated polythiadiazole molecules are used as a buried interface layer and are led between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer. The interface layer generates uniform film covering on the hole transport layer, so that non-covalent bond interaction is formed, and spreading and expansion of a perovskite precursor solution are facilitated. N atoms in the BSC and the BFS are combined with Pb < 2 + > to passivate the bottom surface defect of the perovskite, and F atoms in the BFS can form hydrogen bonds with FAI, so that the electronic performance of the perovskite thin film is influenced. Due to good film quality and interface contact, non-radiative recombination between interfaces is effectively inhibited, carrier transport of the device is improved, and therefore the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell device are enhanced.

The invention provides a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, and belongs to the field of perovskite solar cells, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, pretreating a transparent conductive substrate; s2, spin-coating the surface of the transparent conductive substrate with a nanoparticle dispersion liquid, and carrying out annealing treatment to obtain a flattened transparent conductive substrate; soaking the leveled transparent conductive substrate in a hydrogen peroxide solution with the concentration of 1-3%, washing and drying, and then carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment to obtain a hydroxyl modified leveled transparent conductive substrate; s3, spin-coating a hole transport layer on the surface of the hydroxyl modified and flattened transparent conductive substrate; s4, spin-coating a perovskite light absorption layer on the surface of the hole transport layer; s5, spin-coating an electron transport layer on the surface of the perovskite light absorption layer; and S6, evaporating an electrode layer on the surface of the electron transport layer. According to the invention, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is significantly improved through leveling and hydroxylation treatment of the substrate.

The invention provides fine grid slurry and a preparation method thereof, a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The fine grid slurry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 to 65 parts of silver powder, 15 to 25 parts of silver modified nickel-coated copper powder, 2 to 5 parts of alloy powder, 2 to 5 parts of glass powder, 0.5 to 2 parts of aluminum oxide, 10.5 to 17.5 parts of organic carrier and 0.5 to 1.8 parts of additive, the silver-modified nickel-coated copper powder comprises a copper inner core, a nickel coating layer and a silver coating layer, wherein the outer surface of the copper inner core is sequentially coated with the nickel coating layer and the silver coating layer from inside to outside. The alloy powder comprises Ni element, B element and Si element; the aluminum oxide is spherical nano aluminum oxide; the organic carrier comprises organic silicon modified acrylic resin and epoxy resin. According to the fine grid slurry, the raw material cost is remarkably reduced, the process compatibility is good, silk-screen printing can be better supported, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic module can be better improved.

The invention is applicable to the field of photovoltaic technology, and provides a solar cell, a cell string, a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system, the solar cell comprises a silicon substrate, the silicon substrate is provided with a first region and a second region, the first region is provided with a first doping layer, the second region is provided with a second doping layer, the first region and the second region extend along a first direction, and the second region extends along a second direction. The first doping layer and the second doping layer are arranged in the second direction, the first thin grid lines are arranged on the first doping layer, the second thin grid lines are arranged on the second doping layer, the isolation area is arranged between the first area and the second area, the first doping layer comprises a first body part and a plurality of first extension parts, and the first extension parts protrude from the first body part in the direction towards the isolation area. Since the first doped layer is provided with the protruding first extension part, the current transmission path of the isolation region is increased, the influence of the isolation region on current transmission is reduced, the transmission resistance of electrons or holes to a collection region is reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.