213 results about "Silicon solar cell" patented technology

A back contact solar cell, a preparation method and a battery assembly, which belong to the technical field of crystalline silicon solar cells. The back contact solar cell comprises: a semiconductor substrate, the back surface of which includes first polarity regions and second polarity regions alternately arranged in a first direction; a first functional layer, which is disposed in the first polarity regions; a second functional layer, which is disposed in the second polarity regions; a laser protection layer, which is disposed on the side of the second functional layer away from the semiconductor substrate and exposes electrode contact regions of the second functional layer, wherein the material of the laser protection layer includes laser absorption material; first electrode structures, which are disposed on the side of the first functional layer away from the semiconductor substrate; and second electrode structures, which are disposed on the side of the second functional layer away from the semiconductor substrate and located in the electrode contact regions.

The invention belongs to the field of precious metal recovery, and particularly relates to a method for leaching silver from a silver-containing retired crystalline silicon solar cell. According to the method, the silver in the silver-containing decommissioned crystalline silicon solar cell is recycled and leached through the synergistic effect of an HNO3-H2O2-Fe < 3 + > composite leaching agent and ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid is prepared from choline chloride and malonic acid. Meanwhile, the leaching rate of silver is further improved by optimizing experimental parameters such as the reaction temperature, the reaction time and the H2O2 supply frequency in the three-section gradient temperature control leaching reaction. Compared with the traditional technology, the method disclosed by the invention is green and environment-friendly, low in cost, small in acid consumption and high in recovery rate.

The invention discloses conductive silver paste for a solar cell and application of the conductive silver paste, and belongs to the technical field of conductive silver paste. According to the invention, the prepared silver paste is printed on a silicon wafer cell in a silk-screen printing manner, so that the good rheological property of printing can be obtained. And a rheometer is introduced for testing, and an SEM scanning electron microscope is introduced for checking the surface appearance of the silver grid line. The invention discloses a TOPCon silicon wafer for a silicon solar cell, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 82-90% of silver powder, 20-30% of glass powder and 20-30% of organic carrier. 2-5% of glass powder; and 8-13% of an organic carrier. The conductive silver paste with good rheological property is prepared by using a mixture of polyamide wax and hydrogenated castor oil in a mass ratio of 1: 1 as a thixotropic agent. The main grid silver paste for the silicon solar cell provided by the invention can be well matched with step-by-step printing of a cell piece, different proportions of the binder and the thixotropic agent are used, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is high, the peeling strength of the main grid is high, and the step-by-step printing main grid paste requirements of current different types of paste and cell pieces can be well met.

The invention provides a crystalline silicon solar cell and a perovskite / crystalline silicon laminated solar cell, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells. The crystalline silicon solar cell comprises a cell body, the surface of the cell body is provided with a suede structure, the suede structure comprises a plurality of first pyramids, and each first pyramid comprises a first tower bottom and a first tower top which are arranged in the direction away from the surface of the cell body; and gaps exist between the first tower bottom boundaries of at least part of adjacent first pyramids in the plurality of first pyramids. The crystalline silicon solar cell or the perovskite / crystalline silicon laminated solar cell is based on the improvement of the textured structure, has better light utilization rate and passivation effect, and is beneficial to improving the cell performance.

The embodiment of the invention relates to the photovoltaic field, and provides a cyanide-free electroplating silver-coated copper conductive material, a preparation method thereof and a crystalline silicon solar cell. The silver-coated copper electrode provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a copper core and a copper-tin alloy electroplated layer coated on the surface of the copper core, the surface of the pre-plating material is coated with the silver electroplating layer; the surface of the silver-coated copper material is coated with the self-repairing layer; wherein the self-repairing layer comprises a resin film and a pH response type microcapsule, the microcapsule is embedded in the resin film, and the microcapsule is filled with an ammonium molybdate corrosion inhibitor. The copper-silver interface bonding force can be improved through the copper-tin alloy electroplated layer, and the silver layer material does not contain cyanogen and is environmentally friendly; the corrosion inhibitor in the pH response type microcapsule in the self-repairing film layer on the surface of the silver layer is released under a specific pH condition to form a protection film on the silver layer again, so that the self-repairing purpose is achieved, and the dynamic protection effect is achieved.

The invention relates to the field of silicon solar cells, and particularly discloses a back contact cell module and a photovoltaic system. The battery string comprises a first battery string and a second battery string which are adjacently arranged; the first battery string comprises a first end part battery piece and a first edge welding strip, and the second battery string comprises a second end part battery piece, a second edge welding strip and a first secondary edge welding strip; the first edge welding strip and the first secondary edge welding strip are electrically connected with the bus bar respectively; the back contact battery assembly satisfies the following relation: 1.2 (M + N) < L < 2 (M + N); l is the distance between the first edge welding strip and the first secondary edge welding strip, M is the distance between the second edge welding strip and the first secondary edge welding strip, and N is the distance between the second edge welding strip and the edge of the second end battery piece. By implementing the invention, the capacity and yield of equipment can be improved, pseudo soldering is avoided, and the reliability of the assembly is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly discloses a method for improving UV attenuation of an N-type crystalline silicon solar cell and the N-type crystalline silicon solar cell. The method comprises the following steps: depositing an aluminum oxide film layer on the surface of N-type crystalline silicon; then, bombardment gas is adopted for conducting gas ionization bombardment treatment on the surface of the aluminum oxide film layer, and the bombardment gas is one or more combinations of laughing gas and rare gas and at least comprises laughing gas; and finally depositing a silicon nitride film layer. The laughing gas ionization bombardment can form a more compact aluminum nitride or aluminum oxynitride hydrogen blocking layer and release hydrogen, and the rare gas ionization bombardment can increase the negative charge density of the aluminum oxide film layer. Silicon nitride deposition, silk-screen printing, sintering and light injection processes do not need to be adjusted, no negative influence is caused on the short-circuit current and contact resistivity of the cell, the field passivation effect can be improved while the hydrogen passivation proportion is reduced, UV attenuation is effectively improved, and the full-life-cycle power generation amount of the cell is improved.

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and provides a laminated cell and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module, the laminated cell comprises a bottom cell and a top cell which are laminated, the bottom cell comprises a crystalline silicon solar cell, and the top cell comprises a perovskite solar cell; the perovskite solar cell comprises a perovskite light absorption layer and a functional layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, the functional layer comprises a first functional layer and a second functional layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, the first functional layer is adjacent to the perovskite light absorption layer, and the second functional layer is arranged on the side, away from the perovskite light absorption layer, of the first functional layer; the first functional layer comprises a titanium oxide nanorod array, and the second functional layer comprises a zirconium oxide layer with a plurality of pores. The laminated cell provided by the invention has the advantages that the optical utilization rate is improved, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.

This application provides a passivation structure and its preparation method, as well as a silicon solar cell and its preparation method. The passivation structure includes a first aluminum oxide layer, a first aluminum nitride layer, a second aluminum oxide layer, and a second aluminum nitride layer stacked together. The first aluminum oxide layer directly contacts the silicon edge and repairs cutting damage and dangling bonds through chemical passivation. It adapts to the p-type silicon region with a negative fixed charge. The first aluminum nitride layer passivates the n-type silicon with a positive fixed charge. The high hydrogen content enhances defect repair, and the dense structure blocks impurities from intruding. The second aluminum oxide layer supplements the negative charge to improve the passivation effect of the p-type silicon and forms stress complementarity with the aluminum nitride layer to prevent film cracking. The second aluminum nitride layer resists stringing and lamination damage, blocks moisture and corrosion, and ensures long-term performance. This structure achieves optimal simultaneous passivation of p / n-type silicon through charge complementarity and synergistic hydrogen passivation, improving the minority carrier lifetime at the cell edge, the implicit open-circuit voltage, and the module power, and solving the pain points of incomplete passivation and poor stability.

The present application relates to a silicon solar cell. In one example, a silicon solar cell includes a silicon substrate including an antimony element; and a carrier separation layer, formed on the silicon substrate. At least some regions of the carrier separation layer on a side close to the silicon substrate have an antimony-containing layer. The antimony-containing layer includes the antimony element. A peak concentration of the antimony element in the antimony-containing layer is a1, and a1 is equal to or greater than 1E13 atoms / cm3.

The invention discloses a benzotriazole light conversion material, a preparation method and application of the benzotriazole light conversion material in preparation of a solar cell packaging film. When a light conversion packaging film formed based on the benzotriazole light conversion material is attached to an organic solar cell, a dye-sensitized solar cell, a crystalline silicon solar cell, a perovskite solar cell and a laminated cell composed of the perovskite cell and the crystalline silicon cell, the ultraviolet stability of the solar cell can be improved; and the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be maintained.

The present invention discloses a multi-output crystalline silicon solar cell structure, comprising a plurality of structural units arranged side by side on a substrate. Each structural unit comprises a multi-layer power generation structure composed of a plurality of independent low-power power generation units stacked together. Adjacent low-power power generation units are insulated from each other by an insulating layer. The width of the multiple low-power power generation units and the insulating layer gradually decreases from bottom to top, so that the cross-section of each structural unit is an isosceles trapezoid with a narrow top and a wide bottom. Each low-power power generation unit is provided with a set of output ports. A focusing baffle is provided between adjacent structural units. The focusing baffle is composed of a plano-convex lens area, a buffer area, and a support area, from top to bottom. The focusing baffle is embedded between adjacent structural units through the support area, and is used to focus incident light between the two adjacent structural units for multiple reflection. The battery is easy to use and can provide electricity for small and micro-power applications without cutting the battery chip.

The utility model discloses a back contact solar cell, a cell string, an assembly and a photovoltaic system, and relates to the field of silicon solar cells. The back contact solar cell comprises a silicon substrate, a first doping layer, a second doping layer, a positive electrode grid line, a negative electrode grid line, a first test point and a second test point. The second doping layer is in composite contact with the first doping layer at a preset position to form an electric leakage composite contact structure; the first test point comprises a first test PAD point and a second test PAD point, the first test PAD point is electrically connected with the positive grid line, and the second test PAD point is electrically connected with the negative grid line. The second test point comprises a third test PAD point and a fourth test PAD point, the third test PAD point is electrically connected with the positive grid line, and the fourth test PAD point is electrically connected with the negative grid line. By implementing the embodiment, the characterization of the hot spot resistance effect can be realized at the battery end.

An exhaust device for sintering processing of a photovoltaic cell panel relates to the field of crystalline silicon solar cells and comprises an organic exhaust pipe, an exhaust fan is arranged on the organic exhaust pipe, an air inlet expanding pipe is arranged at the air inlet end of the organic exhaust pipe, and the air inlet expanding pipe is used for enabling exhaust air flow of all positions in a sintering furnace to be consistent. An air inlet panel mechanism is arranged at the air inlet end of the air inlet expanding pipe and comprises an air inlet panel and branch air suction pipes. By improving the structure of the end, connected with the sintering furnace, of the organic exhaust pipe, organic waste gas in the sintering furnace is pumped away, meanwhile, the gas inlet area of the gas inlet end of the organic exhaust pipe is increased, and distribution of multiple gas flows of the branch gas suction pipes on the gas inlet panel is adjusted, so that the gas flows exhausted from all places in the sintering furnace are consistent; therefore, the temperature field distribution in the sintering furnace is more uniform and stable, each part is uniformly heated when the battery piece is sintered, ohm contact is more uniform in the sintering process of the battery piece, poor sintering is reduced, and the battery efficiency is improved.

The application discloses a multifunctional intelligent photovoltaic window which is assembled by a multifunctional variable color unit and a silicon solar cell, and has the characteristics of wide wave adjustment, self-driving and self-cleaning. The laminated structure multifunctional variable color unit mainly comprises a vanadium dioxide / silicon dioxide / polyurethane nanocomposite film, a polymer stable liquid crystal with a near-crystal-cholesteric phase transition, an indium tin oxide and a silicon dioxide coating, which are respectively used as a near-infrared light adjusting layer, a visible light adjusting layer, an electrothermal layer and a super-hydrophobic layer. Based on the above design, the intelligent photovoltaic window can realize dynamic adjustment of the transmittance in the wavelength range of 380-2500 nm, so that the ideal energy-saving effect is achieved. In combination with the high output power of the silicon cell and the excellent direct current heating effect of the indium tin oxide, the self-driving characteristic of the intelligent photovoltaic window is realized, and the energy-saving effect is further improved. In addition, the silicon dioxide super-hydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 150-160 degrees effectively solves the environmental dependence of the intelligent photovoltaic window, and the intelligent photovoltaic window also has a good vision under complex weather conditions such as rain and snow. The application can widen the application of the intelligent photovoltaic window in the fields of energy-saving buildings, automobiles and flexible photoelectric devices.

The application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a two-component organic carrier and a preparation method and application thereof, the organic carrier comprises A component and B component, preparation raw materials of the A component comprise a first resin base, a first solvent, a first thixotropic agent and a first auxiliary agent; preparation raw materials of the B component comprise a second resin base, a second solvent, a second thixotropic agent and a second auxiliary agent; preparation raw materials of the first resin base comprise polyvinyl butyral resin and first cellulose; and preparation raw materials of the second resin base comprise polyvinyl butyral resin and second cellulose. The prepared organic carrier is tested, the single consumption range of the organic carrier can be controlled within 20%, with the decrease of the single consumption, the machine welding tension and the aging tension are both stabilized above 3N, and the requirements of the reliability of the tension of the crystalline silicon solar cell piece can be met.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and discloses a flexible silicon substrate-indium phosphide solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The flexible silicon-based indium phosphide solar cell comprises a lower electrode, a flexible silicon solar cell, a first transparent conductive layer, a conductive adhesive, a second transparent conductive layer and an indium phosphide solar cell which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, an antireflection film layer and an upper electrode are arranged on the indium phosphide solar cell; the conductive adhesive is obtained by dispersing polymethyl methacrylate microspheres coated with metal on the surface into an EVA solution. Heterogeneous integration is achieved through the transparent conductive adhesive, the two-end laminated cell is formed, the device is light, thin and flexible, the defects that a traditional four-end laminated cell is rigid, heavy, large in optical loss and the like are overcome, and the solar cell has good performance.

The invention discloses a recycling system and method for a photovoltaic module, and belongs to the technical field of harmless and resource treatment of retired photovoltaic modules. The recovery processing system of the photovoltaic module comprises a pyrolyzing furnace, a wet steam oxidation furnace and a cooling furnace, a discharge port of the pyrolyzing furnace is connected with a feed port of the wet steam oxidation furnace, and a discharge port of the wet steam oxidation furnace is connected with a feed port of the cooling furnace; molten salt heating pipes are arranged in the pyrolyzing furnace in the circumferential direction. The invention further provides a photovoltaic module recycling method which comprises the following steps: conveying the photovoltaic module into the pyrolyzing furnace, and staying at 450-550 DEG C for 20-40 minutes; then the photovoltaic module enters a wet steam oxidation furnace, the temperature of water vapor is 200-250 DEG C, and the photovoltaic module stays for 20-40 min; and then the photovoltaic module enters the cooling furnace to be cooled and output. The system provided by the invention can realize separation of a large complete glass plate and a high-quality silicon battery piece.

A control method of a tandem solar cell includes: determining a P-V curve of a silicon solar cell by performing scanning for generated electric power while changing a generated voltage of the silicon solar cell at regular intervals; performing power generation control of the silicon solar cell at a maximal power point of a P-V curve; predicting an optimum power generation voltage appropriate for a perovskite solar cell using information regarding a P-V curve of the silicon solar cell; and performing power generation control of the perovskite solar cell using an optimum power generation voltage.

The invention provides aluminate dark red fluorescent powder as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of solid luminescent materials. According to the aluminate dark red fluorescent powder, manganese is adopted to activate aluminate, the excitation spectrum coverage area is wide, the excitation range covers most of ultraviolet and blue light areas, and the emission spectrum is concentrated near 659nm. The fluorescent powder can absorb light from ultraviolet light to a blue light region in a solar spectrum, has very strong emission intensity in a dark red light region, can emit red light under the irradiation of sunlight, can improve the utilization rate of light energy, and is more favorable for promoting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a silicon solar cell. The fluorescent powder can be prepared into a film to be compounded on the surface of a solar cell, the solar spectrum is optimized, and the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of roller type sintering furnace cleaning, in particular to a crystalline silicon solar cell roller type sintering furnace handheld grinding tool which comprises a supporting block arranged at the top of an arc-shaped grinding stone and an operating rod arranged at the top of the supporting block. The supporting block is further provided with a dust suction assembly used for adsorbing dust generated by polishing of the arc-shaped polishing stone, the clamping assembly comprises a limiting vertical groove and a movable clamping block, the limiting vertical groove is formed in the supporting block, the movable clamping block is fixed to the top of the arc-shaped polishing stone, and the movable clamping block is slidably connected to the bottom of the limiting vertical groove. The polishing device can be in accurate contact with crystals on the end surfaces of the roller bodies, organic matter attached to the roller bodies can be removed easily, it is guaranteed that the surfaces of the roller bodies are smooth, damage to battery pieces is avoided, a worker can polish the multiple roller bodies in a short time through handheld operation, and therefore the production efficiency is improved, and production stagnation caused by improper cleaning is reduced.

The utility model relates to the technical field of waste recovery equipment, in particular to silicon solar cell production waste recovery equipment. Comprising an adjusting device, the adjusting device comprises a fixing ring, the fixing ring is fixedly connected with a waste recovery equipment body, one end of the arc surface of the fixing ring is fixedly connected with a connecting plate, the side, close to the waste recovery equipment body, of the connecting plate is fixedly connected with a first motor, and the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected with a screw rod. According to the silicon solar cell production waste recovery equipment provided by the utility model, when the storage bin filled with the silicon solar cell production waste is fixed on the waste recovery equipment, the storage bin can be fixed on the waste recovery equipment through the adjusting device; therefore, the speed of fixing the storage bin on the waste recovery equipment can be increased through the adjusting device, and the working efficiency of screening the silicon solar cell production waste in the storage bin by the whole waste recovery equipment is improved.

The invention discloses a method for improving wettability of conductive silver paste for a crystalline silicon solar cell and application of the method, and belongs to the technical field of conductive silver paste. According to the conductive silver paste, organic solvents in different proportions are subjected to volatility testing at the temperature of 60-220 DEG C, the proportion of the organic solvents with layered volatilization is selected, a contact angle instrument is used for testing the contact angle, and the wettability of the conductive silver paste is analyzed. The conductive silver paste provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-90% of silver powder; 2-8% of glass powder; 8-17% of an organic carrier; the organic solvent is a mixed organic solvent composed of texanol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and dibutyl phthalate according to the mass ratio of 3: 4: 2: 1; the crystalline silicon solar cell is a TOPCon silicon wafer. In the high-temperature sintering process of the organic carrier, uniform distribution of the slurry during high-temperature sintering can be well met through layered volatilization, and the proper wettability can meet the requirements of different types of slurry and step-by-step printing slurry of a battery piece.

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and particularly discloses a tetraphenyl ethylene-benzotriazole derivative compound and application thereof in the photovoltaic field. The absorption spectrum of the tetraphenyl ethylene-benzotriazole derivative compound disclosed by the invention can be subjected to red shift to 420 nm, so that high-energy ultraviolet light can be completely absorbed; the maximum emission wavelength of a fluorescence emission spectrum is more than 440nm and even can reach 500nm, so that the light utilization level of the crystalline silicon solar cell is improved; the absolute light-emitting quantum efficiency is very high, and the converted wavelength can be better utilized by a photovoltaic device. The substituted tetraphenyl ethylene part contained in the derivative compound has AIE performance, and the fluorescence quenching effect of traditional small organic molecules in high concentration, solid state and aggregation state is avoided. The light conversion film can overcome the problem that the fluorescence quantum yield is remarkably reduced in the laminating process, the performance of the film is not affected when the phenomena of precipitation, agglomeration and the like of auxiliaries in the film occur, and the light conversion film is used for preparing a photovoltaic module.

The application discloses a resourceful treatment method of crystalline silicon solar cell pieces, which comprises the following steps: soaking the crystalline silicon solar cell pieces in a first treatment liquid to remove the metal layer on the surface of the crystalline silicon solar cell pieces, and obtaining first-stage cell pieces and a first recovery liquid; soaking the first-stage cell pieces in a second treatment liquid to remove the passivation layer and the emitter layer on the surface of the first-stage cell pieces, and obtaining second-stage cell pieces; the second treatment liquid is a mixed acid with a concentration of 26% to 33% of nitric acid and a concentration of 3% to 5% of hydrofluoric acid; and soaking the second-stage cell pieces in a third treatment liquid to remove the metal impurities on the surface of the second-stage cell pieces and recover the silicon in the crystalline silicon solar cell pieces. The resourceful treatment method has the advantages of simple process, short time consumption, low resourceful treatment cost and high recovery rate of elements such as silicon.

The invention provides a soldering flux and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of solar cells. Specifically, the scaling powder is used for the series welding process of photovoltaic modules of amorphous silicon solar cells. The soldering flux comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 to 100 parts of an alcohol solvent, 0.5 to 3 parts of a film-forming agent, 0.2 to 1 part of an active agent, 0.1 to 0.5 part of a surface active agent and 0.1 to 0.5 part of a corrosion inhibitor. According to the scaling powder, by optimizing the selection and proportion of all the components, the problem that white crystals are generated in the using process of a series welding machine through a traditional scaling powder is thoroughly solved, the equipment utilization rate and production efficiency are remarkably improved, the equipment shutdown maintenance time is shortened, and meanwhile the stability and reliability of the welding quality are guaranteed.

This invention belongs to the field of coating technology, and specifically relates to an optical enhancement coating and its preparation method. The optical enhancement coating, by weight, comprises: 2-5 parts modified nanofiller, 0.3-0.8 parts tetra(substituted pyridine) tetracopper tetraiodide, 5-10 parts hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 5-10 parts methacryloxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 0.5-1.5 parts photoinitiator, 0.005-0.01 parts curing catalyst, 0.2-0.4 parts dispersant, and 50-70 parts organic solvent. This coating has high light transmittance and, when applied to crystalline silicon solar cells, can improve short-circuit current density and power conversion efficiency, while also exhibiting good storage stability and process compatibility.

The embodiment of the utility model discloses horizontal electroplating equipment for a photovoltaic crystalline silicon solar cell, which is used for electroplating an electroplated part and comprises an upper electroplating tank, the upper electroplating tank consists of a plurality of tank body units, each tank body unit comprises an electroplating tank, a plurality of cathode units and a plurality of anode units, electroplating liquid is arranged in the electroplating tank, and the cathode units are arranged in the electroplating tank. The plated part is in contact with the cathode units and the electroplating liquid, the cathode units are connected in parallel, and the anode units are connected in parallel. Compared with a soaking type tank body structure of traditional electroplating equipment, the floating type tank body structure is adopted and combined with a cathode and anode parallel connection mode, the problem that the quality of a plating layer is affected due to uneven current distribution in the tank body can be solved, and therefore the quality and performance of the plating layer are improved.

The invention provides an edge-isolated slice cell and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of crystalline silicon solar cells. The preparation method comprises the following steps: providing a silicon substrate, forming an emitter on the surface of one side of the silicon substrate in the thickness direction, and forming a PN junction between the emitter and the silicon substrate; performing picosecond laser surface treatment on the emitting electrode, performing acid etching and alkali etching on the laser treatment part, removing the emitting electrode at the corresponding part, and changing the surface structure of the silicon substrate to form an isolation region and a buffer region; depositing a passivation layer on the surface of one side, provided with the emitter, of the silicon substrate; laser lossless cutting is carried out, and a cutting line is located in the isolation area. Through the picosecond laser surface treatment in combination with the acid etching and alkali etching processes, the emitter at the corresponding part can be accurately removed, and the surface structure of the silicon substrate can be molded, so that the carrier recombination is greatly reduced, and the battery performance is optimized.

In order to produce a crystalline silicon solar cell, a conductive paste is provided, which is suitable for the formation of an electrode by a laser treatment process, and which contains a lead-free glass frit. This conductive paste is used for forming an electrode of a solar cell, and contains (A) conductive particles, (B) an organic vehicle, and (C) a glass frit that does not substantially contain PbO, the product BGF * G of the alkalinity BGF of the glass frit (C) and the content G of the glass frit (C) in parts by weight in the conductive paste when the content of the conductive particles (A) in the conductive paste is taken as 100 parts by weight is in the range of 0.25-1.45.