635 results about "Nitrate ion" patented technology

A photo-electricity generating device is produced through the steps of: immersing an electrode and an electroconductive substrate in an aqueous solution comprising nitrate ions and zinc ions, supplying a current passing through a gap between the electrode and the electroconductive substrate to form a first zinc oxide layer on the electroconductive substrate, etching the first zinc oxide layer, and forming a semiconductor layer on the zinc oxide layer. The zinc oxide layer may preferably be formed in two zinc oxide layers under different electrudeposition conditions. In this case, the etching step may preferably be performed between steps for forming these zinc oxide layers. The zinc oxide layer is provided with an unevenness at its surface suitable for constituting a light-confining layer of a resultant photo-electricity generating device.

An apparatus and method produces nitrate ions on-site from water, natural gas and air extracted in proximity to the apparatus. The apparatus generates nitrate ions and brings the nitrate ions into contact with an aqueous system. Hydrogen sulfide present in the aqueous system is removed and the production of hydrogen sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is eliminated by introducing into the system nitrate ions, whereby denitrifying microorganisms, using nitrate, outcompete the sulfate-reducing bacteria for the available carbon nutrients, thus preventing the SRB from producing hydrogen sulfide. Nitrate ions generated by the apparatus and added to the aqueous system which contains the denitrifying microorganisms can enhance oil recovery by means of microbial enhanced oil recovery mechanisms.

A process for forming a zinc oxide film including immersing an electroconductive substrate having a surface including a plurality of linear projections in an aqueous solution containing at least nitrate ions and zinc ions to form a zinc oxide film on the electroconductive substrate by a liquid-phase deposition. The plurality of linear projections may preferably provide an uneven surface which has a center-line average surface roughness Ra(X) of 15-300 nm when scanned in a direction parallel to the linear projections, a center line average surface roughness Ra(Y) of 20-600 nm when scanned in a direction perpendicular to the linear projections, and an Ra(X)/Ra(Y) ratio of at most 0.8. The thus formed zinc oxide film is provided with an uneven surface suitable for an optical-confinement layer of a photo-electricity generating device excellent in photoelectric performances.

The present invention describes a process for converting vapor streams from sources containing at least one nitrogen-containing oxidizing agent therein to a liquid fertilizer composition comprising the steps of: a) directing a vapor stream containing at least one nitrogen-containing oxidizing agent to a first contact zone, b) contacting said vapor stream with water to form nitrogen oxide(s) from said at least one nitrogen-containing oxidizing agent, c) directing said acid(s) as a second stream to a second contact zone, d) exposing said second stream to hydrogen peroxide which is present within said second contact zone in a relative amount of at least 0.1% by weight of said second stream within said second contact zone to convert at least some of any nitrogen oxide species or ions other than in the nitrate form present within said second stream to nitrate ion, e) sampling said stream within said second contact zone to determine the relative amount of hydrogen peroxide within said second contact zone, f) adding hydrogen peroxide to said second contact zone when a level of hydrogen peroxide less than 0.1 % by weight in said second stream is determined by said sampling, g) adding a solution comprising potassium hydroxide to said second stream to maintain a pH between 6.0 and 11.0 within said second stream within said second contact zone to form a solution of potassium nitrate, and h) removing said solution of potassium nitrate from said second contact zone.

A thermal energy storage material (TESM) system (and associated methods) that reproducibly stores and recovers latent heat comprising i) at least one first metal containing material including at least one first metal compound that includes a nitrate ion, a nitrite ion, or both; ii) at least one second metal containing material including at least one second metal compound; and iii) optionally including water, wherein the water concentration if any is present is less than about 10 wt. %; wherein the TESM has a liquidus temperature, T_L, from about 100° C. to about 250° C.; and wherein the TESM exhibits a heat storage density from 300° C. to 80° C. of at least about 1 MJ/l; so that upon being used in a system that generates heat, at least a portion of the heat is captured and stored by the TESM and subsequently released for use, and the system is generally resistant to corrosion at temperatures of about 300° C.

A method for fractionating fibrous biomass comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components to separate said lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose from one another comprises: (a) shredding said fibrous biomass; (b) concurrently with or subsequent to said shredding, contacting said biomass with an aqueous solution of a nitrate ion source at a concentration of about 0.1-0.3% at a temperature in the range of about 60° to about 80° C. to initiate nitration of the lignin component of said biomass; (c) submerging said partially nitrated biomass in an aqueous solution of a nitrate ion source in the presence of an aluminum compound at a temperature within the range of about 75-100° C. for a time sufficient to complete the nitration of said lignin component; (d) contacting the nitrated biomass produced in step (c) with an alkaline extraction liquor comprising NH4OH at an initial concentration sufficient to solubilize said nitrated lignin component and said hemicellulose component from said cellulose component of said biomass; e) recovering said cellulose from said extraction liquor containing said solubilized nitrated lignin and hemicellulose components, wherein said cellulose comprises at least about 88% alpha cellulose; (f) treating said extraction liquor with an acid to precipitate lignin contained therein, and (g) separating said lignin from soluble hemicellulose in said extraction liquor. The recovered cellulose component comprises at least 88% alpha cellulose and is useful as a starting material for the production of ethanol.

The present invention provides a method for oxidizing a substance (e.g., in a waste stream, drinking water, a paper pulp slurry, or on a surface), which uses free radicals and reactive species generated from multiple oxidants. The method comprises combining peroxynitrite or peroxynitrous acid and at least one additional oxidizing agent for a period of time sufficient to oxidize the substance of interest. The peroxynitrite or peroxynitrous acid preferably is formed by irradiation of nitrate ion and/or nitric acid (e.g., with UV or gamma rays). The yield of free radicals and reactive species, which are the intermediate species that perform the oxidation may be increased by addition of a catalysts, electromagnetic radiation, sonic waves, and/or electrolysis.

The present invention discloses one kind of ternary Zn-Ni-Mn phosphorizing solution and its preparation process. The ternary Zn-Ni-Mn phosphorizing solution consists of zinc ion, phosphate radical ion, nickel ion, manganese ion, chlorate radical ion, nitrate radical ion, fluorine ion, promoter A, additive B and complexing agent C in certain proportion. The present invention can form compact and homogeneous phosphide film with high base resistance and high corrosion resistance, and is suitable for the phosphorizing treatment of cathode before electrophoresis coating.

The invention provides a trivalent-chromium blue-white passivator for a zinc-plated permanent magnetic material and a passivation method thereof. The trivalent-chromium blue-white passivator contains a main film-forming agent, an auxiliary film-forming agent, a stabilizer, an oxidant and a surfactant, wherein the main film-forming agent is a soluble salt of trivalent chromium, the stabilizer is selected from at least one of fluoride, citric acid and oxalic acid, the auxiliary film-forming agent is selected from at least one of soluble cobalt salt, soluble nickel salt or soluble salts of rare-earth elements, the oxidant is nitrate ions or hydrogen peroxide, and the surfactant is NPE (Nonylphenol Polyoxyethylene Ether) or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The trivalent-chromium blue-white passivator provided by the invention has a low cost, does not pollute the environment, and also does not cause damage to the health of operators.

Ammonium sulfate nitrate composite materials useful as fertilizers having desirable levels of nitrate ions, superior stability against detonation, higher density, greater resistance to moisture, and a method for their manufacture. The ammonium sulfate nitrate composites have as essential constituents ammonium sulfate and the NH4SO4.2(NH4NO3) double salt with less than 5 wt. % in combined total of the more hazardous NH4SO4.3(NH4NO3) double salt and ammonium nitrate. The composites of the invention are formed by reacting ammonium sulfate with ammonium nitrate in a molar ratio of about 0.9:1 to about 1.1:1 in the presence of a small amount of water in a narrow range of temperatures and then cooling to solidification at a sufficiently rapid rate to prevent macroscopic segregation of the reaction products.

The invention provides an online automatic monitoring system of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in seawater and a monitoring method thereof. The system comprises an automatic seawater liquid feedcontroller, an ultraviolet microwave digestor, a total nitrogen measuring flow passage, a total phosphorus measuring flow passage and a spectrophotometer, wherein the automatic seawater liquid feed controller is connected with the ultraviolet microwave digestor by a liquid feed pipeline; digested sample flows into an electronic cooler from a liquor drainage pipeline of the ultraviolet microwave digestor to be cooled and respectively enters into the total nitrogen measuring flow passage and the total phosphorus measuring flow passage; the total nitrogen measuring flow passage comprises a nitrate ion reducing device, a sample reaction pipeline is connected with the spectrophotometer, and the front end of the sample reaction pipeline is provided with a nitrite color reagent injecting valve; and the total phosphorus measuring flow passage comprises the structure that the sample reaction pipeline is connected with the spectrophotometer, and the front end of the sample reaction pipeline is provided with an orthophosphate color reagent injecting valve. The invention can complete work procedures such as automatically sampling seawater, digesting, reducing, washing, measuring, and the like,at one time.

An alkaline zinc secondary battery in accordance with the present invention comprises a separator layer comprising a gel electrolyte comprising a water absorbent polymer and an alkaline aqueous solution, disposed between a negative electrode comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc and zinc oxide and a positive electrode. Because the separator layer is in a gel form, transfer of zinc ions is limited. Thereby, deformation of the negative electrode and generation of dendrite due to charge and discharge of the battery are substantially inhibited. Moreover, since impurity ions such as nitrate ions become less prone to move, self-discharge of the battery is also inhibited.

A microbial fuel cell having a pathway for passage of effluent from the anode to the cathode is provided, in addition to an ion exchange membrane between the chambers. Effluent may also pass from cathode to anode forming a continuous loop. Oxidation of effluent at the anode creates ammonium ions and produces electrons for an external circuit. The ammonium ions undergo nitrification at the cathode. Alternatively a nitrification reactor may be provided in the effluent pathway. Electrons are received by the cathode from the external circuit to reduce nitrate ions created by the nitrification process.

A method for removing acidic gases from waste gases is disclosed. The invention relates to a method for removing acid gases, in particular from SO₂ and NO_x, by contacting the waste gas with an emulsion of water in organic sulfoxides, in particular of water in oil-derived-sulfoxides. The organic sulfoxide phase can be regenerated after the emulsion is loaded with polluants, by letting the emulsion to settle down and separate into two phases. The aqueous phase obtained after the separation contains sulfate and nitrate ions which can be collected and used as valuable chemicals.

The invention provides a simple method for preparing a copper (II) ion-supported SCR catalyst having a NOx purifying performance at a low temperature. The SCR catalyst is prepared by mixing hydrogenation synthesized zeolite crystals with the largest oxygen ring number of 8-12 and a three dimensional structure with an aqueous solution of copper (II) nitrate ions or copper (II) chloride ions with the pH value of 0.1-3.0 without filtering or washing. The BET specific surface area of the copper-based SCR catalyst is 50-80m<2>/g, the copper-based SCR catalyst has low temperature activity, hydrothermal durability and NOx purifying performance, and the exhaust gas NOx purifying rate of the copper-based SCR catalyst at below 200DEG C reaches above 80%.

Removal of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and a reduction in BOD is achieved by the addition of nitrate ions to waste systems in an amount sufficient to stimulate growth of bacteria which utilize dissolved hydrogen sulfide in their metabolism. Specifically, about 2.4 lbs. nitrate oxygen per lb. of sulfide is required.

The invention discloses a chitosan and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt composite magnetic microsphere and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of preparing a water phase, stirring and dissolving chitosan, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and a pore-foaming agent PEG or PVP according to a ratio in an acetic acid aqueous solution, and adding magnetic particles for stirring and ultrasonic treatment; preparing an oil phase, and stirring liquid paraffin and Span80 to obtain the oil phase; gradually adding the water phase into the oil phase drop by drop while stirring is carried out to obtain a liquid mixture; adding a sodium polyphosphate aqueous solution into the liquid mixture drop by drop, carrying out stirring, and adding a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution for reaction; carrying out centrifugation and washing to obtain the chitosan and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt composite magnetic microsphere. The composite magnetic microsphere disclosed by the invention is higher in adsorption to electronegative materials such as humic acid, anionic dyes, arsenate ions, phosphate anions and nitrate ions, is higher in pH adaptability, magnetic separation property and regeneration performance, and is high in exchange capacity, high in adsorption speed and easy to separate.

The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for the use of nitrous acid solutions to disinfect inanimate surfaces and animal tissues, and to treat diseases and wounds. More specifically, the invention deals with the partial and selected conversion of nitrite ion to nitrous acid in order to optimize the germicidal efficacy and duration of the nitrous acid consistent with the nature of the intended application.

The invention provides a preparation method and applications of graphene aerogel. The graphene aerogel is prepared by the following steps: oxidizing a graphene water solution, and then preparing the graphene aerogel through a hydrothermal method. The graphene aerogel can be used as an ion-selective electrode, and can be especially used as an ion-selective electrode to detect the nitrate ions. The graphene aerogel is innovatively used as an ion-selective electrode applied in electrochemical detection, the detection results are excellent, and the application range of graphene aerogel based materials is enlarged.

A method for producing α-alumina powder is described. The method comprises the steps of removing water from a compound containing the following (1), (2), (3) and (4), and calcining the results: (1) α-alumina precursor, (2) seed crystal, (3) water, (4) nitrate ion in an amount of from 2.8 to 3.3 mol per mol of aluminum (Al) contained in the α-alumina precursor and the seed crystal.

An antistatic film having an antistatic coating film on at least one surface of a polyester film, the antistatic coating film comprising a polymer having a polymerized unit represented by the following formula (1):

wherein R¹ and R² each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R³ represents an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R⁴ and R⁵ each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R⁶ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and Y⁻ represents a halogen ion, a halogenated alkyl ion, a nitrate ion, a sulfate ion, an alkyl sulfate ion, a sulfonate ion or an alkyl sulfonate ion. The film is used in such applications requiring an antistatic property such as a protective film for a liquid crystal polarizing plate.

The invention relates to a method for spearing butane from butylene with the multicomponent compound of ionic liquid, saline, ethyl methyl ketone and N-formylmorpholine. The content of ionic liquid in the multicomponent compound is 1.0 to 95 percent; the content of the saline in the multicomponent compound is 0.5 to 20 percent; the electropositive ion of the ionic liquid is iminazole electropositive ion, alkyl imidazole electropositive ion or alkyl quaternary ammonium ion, or the compound thereof; the electronegative ion is tetrafluoroborate electronegative ion, hexafluorophosphoric acid electronegative ion, nitrate ion, tetrachloro aluminic acid iron, heptachlor bi aluminic acid iron, chloride ion, bromine electronegative ion or the mixture; and the ionic liquid can be dimethylformamide potassium thiocyanate compound salt, dimethylformamide sodium sulfocyanate compound salt, or the compound; the saline is potassium thiocyanate, sodium sulfocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, zinc chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, potassium bromide, or the compound thereof.