The invention relates to a bio-protein feed prepared by adopting a cellulose raw material, and the bio-protein feed provided by the invention comprises an organic material and complex bacteria, wherein the weight of the complex bacteria is 1-10% of that of the organic material; and the organic material comprises the cellulose raw material, rapeseed meal and bran; the cellulose raw material is one or more of corn stalks, corn cobs, straw, manioc waste and fruit residue; and the complex bacteria comprises bacillus subtilis, microzyme, lactobacillus and cellulose decomposition bacteria, and the cellulose decomposition bacteria is one or more of trichoderma harzianum and white-rot fungi. In the bio-protein feed, the content of probiotics is more than 108cfu/g, the bio-protein feed contains a variety of prolease, cellulase, amylase and the like, the preparation process is simple, and the fermentation period is short. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the feed.