The invention discloses a method for identifying wave mechanical damage of a high-speed milling cutter under the intermittent impact load effect. The method is technically characterized by comprising steps as follows: I, a transient cutting force model and an equation of particle dynamics of the high-speed milling cutter are established; II, a wave equation of a stress wave of the high-speed milling cutter is established; III, an attenuating stress value and an attenuation rate of the stress wave of the high-speed milling cutter are solved; IV, the wave mechanical damage of the high-speed milling cutter is identified. With the method, the internal relation of macroscopic and mesoscopic structure domains of the high-speed milling cutter can be disclosed, local macroscopic and mesoscopic damage of the milling cutter is identified, a high-frequency stress wave collecting area of the high-speed milling cutter can be determined, trans-scale association analysis can be performed, in combination with molecular dynamic simulation, the part, prone to damage, of the high-speed milling cutter and the type of the damage in the mesoscale can be identified, the problem of identification of potential damage positions and damage types of a milling cutter assembly under the high-speed intermittent impact load effect is solved in an emphasized manner, and meanwhile, the problem of multi-scale evolution of the wave mechanical damage of the high-speed milling cutter is also solved.