The invention discloses a method for preparing a Chinese poplar or sycamore or pine wood and plastic composite material by adopting the radiation polymerization, crosslinking and grafting jointly. The method has the following steps of: pre-treatment, monomer impregnation, constant temperature irradiation under the protection of nitrogen and post-treatment and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the Chinese poplar or sycamore or pine wood serving as the basic material into blanks with appropriate sizes, drying in a drying room, and putting the treated blanks in an impregnating and radiating product box; (2) impregnating by methyl methacrylate, other acrylic acid derivatives and related assistants, introducing protection nitrogen, and increasing the pressure, wherein the impregnation rate of a monomer is 40-170%; (3) radiating at the room temperature under the nitrogen protection, wherein the absorbed dose is 15kGy; and (4) performing aftertreatment: polishing the surface of a radiated wood and plastic composite material to prepare for processing the composite material to floor boards and other products. The fast-growing readily-available low-grade wood such as the Chinese poplar wood is used for preparing the wood and plastic composite material by adopting the radiating, the crosslinking and the grafting, and the wood and plastic composite material has high hardness, good wear resistance, low hygroscopicity and corrosion resistance, can be used for replacing the expensive high-quality wood so as to meet various use requirements.