The invention discloses a rolling process of bismuth-containing free cutting steel. The process comprises the following steps of: controlling the heating temperature at 1,150-1,230 DEG C; controlling the rolling temperature at 1,130-1,200 DEG C in a rough rolling step, wherein the standard material type size is used in each pass of rough rolling; controlling the rolling temperature at 1,000-1,060 DEG C in a medium rolling step, wherein the standard material size is used for rolling mill material types; controlling the rolling temperature at 900-950 DEG C in a pre-finish rolling step, wherein the standard material type size is used for rolling mill material types; controlling the rolling temperature at 930-980 DEG C in a finish rolling step, wherein the standard material type is used for rolling mill material types; and controlling the final rolling temperature at 810-830 DEG C. As the cooling water amount is controlled through process requirements and the deformation control temperature of each section is ensured in the rolling and deformation course, surface cracks and corner cracks generated in the rolling and deformation course and after deformation of a rolled piece can be prevented, a drawing steel accident caused by head splitting is avoided, the smooth rolling of the bismuth-containing free cutting steel is realized, the product surface quality is improved, medium wastes and inspection wastes are obviously reduced, the yield rate is greatly improved, and figured steel free cutting steel products, such as hexagonal steel, square steel, flat steel and the like can be directly produced through a caliber system.