The invention discloses a rapid tool changing device and a tool changing method of a
metal cutting machine tool, and relates to the field of
machine tools, the rapid tool changing device comprises a tool shaft seat, a tool body and a tool
magazine, the tool shaft seat is provided with a U-shaped shaft cavity penetrating through the bottom surface, the top of the tool body is provided with a square tool
handle, and the square tool
handle is clamped into the shaft cavity in a matched mode to enable a tool to be axially aligned with the tool shaft seat; positioning grooves are formed in the two sides of the cubic cutter
handle, positioning pieces are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the shaft cavity, the positioning pieces are radially and elastically clamped into the positioning grooves through springs to fix the cubic cutter handle, and an
extrusion piece axially and elastically slides in the cutter shaft seat and abuts against the positioning pieces to be clamped with the positioning grooves; the tool body and the tool shaft seat are combined in a lateral
insertion mode, the tool body is fixed through elastic clamping connection of the positioning piece and the positioning groove and expansion limiting of the
extrusion piece on the positioning piece, the tool shaft seat is directly moved to penetrate through the
magazine opening in a reciprocating mode when the tool is replaced, the tool body is rapidly placed and taken down, and the tool replacing speed is high.