The invention discloses a preparation method of a sample for conveniently and rapidly detecting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cell damage. The method mainly comprises a gel sheet-making step, a cell lysis step, a DNA melting step, an electrophoresis step, a neutralizing step and a dyeing step, wherein in the gel sheet-making step, two layers of gels need to be spread; and in the dyeing step, a GelRed nucleic acid gel dye with high sensitivity and low toxicity is used. The invention also provides a kit using the method. The kit comprises normal melting-point agarose, low melting-point agarose, a cell lysis solution, an electrophoretic buffer solution, the DNA gel dye and a frosted edgeglass slide. According to the method, fluorescence dyeing is carried out by using the GelRed nucleic acid gel dye, and the GelRed nucleic acid gel dye is high in sensitivity, low in toxicity and stable, and environment pollution cannot be caused by wastes, so that the method is safe and environment-friendly; and because of only two layers of the spread gels, compared with a sandwich gel-spreading method used in the traditional comet assay, the preparation method is easy to operate and difficult to degum, and is uniform in dyeing; and moreover, the obtained electrophoresis image is relatively clear and objective.