The invention discloses a system and method for testing the surface quality of Wolter-I-type mandrel by adopting a contact-type contourgraph. The test system consists of two portions, i.e., a countourgraph and an auxiliary adjusting apparatus, wherein the auxiliary adjusting apparatus comprises an axis-X rectilinear displacement platform, a horizontal rotary turntable, a vertical surface rotary turntable and a chuck for clamping a workpiece, the axis-X rectilinear displacement platform is fixedly installed on a table-board of a contourgraph detection platform, the horizontal rotary turntable is fixedly installed on the axis-X rectilinear displacement platform, the vertical surface rotary turntable is fixedly installed on the horizontal rotary turntable, and the chuck is fixedly installed on the vertical surface rotary turntable and used for installing and clamping the mandrel. By adopting the system and method, performance indexes of the Wolter-I-type mandrel such as dimension errors,surface roughness, corrugation degree and shape errors can be detected, no other additional ultra-precision measurement instrument is needed, the purchasing cost of the ultra-precision measurement instrument can be reduced, the measurement times can be reduced, and the measurement efficiency can be increased.